DOCSLIB.ORG

China Mongolia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
China Mongolia COUNTRY REPORT China Mongolia 3rd quarter 1996 The Economist Intelligence Unit 15 Regent Street, London SW1Y 4LR United Kingdom The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit is a specialist publisher serving companies establishing and managing operations across national borders. For over 40 years it has been a source of information on business developments, economic and political trends, government regulations and corporate practice worldwide. The EIU delivers its information in four ways: through subscription products ranging from newsletters to annual reference works; through specific research reports, whether for general release or for particular clients; through electronic publishing; and by organising conferences and roundtables. The firm is a member of The Economist Group. London New York Hong Kong The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit The Economist Intelligence Unit 15 Regent Street The Economist Building 25/F, Dah Sing Financial Centre London 111 West 57th Street 108 Gloucester Road SW1Y 4LR New York Wanchai United Kingdom NY 10019, USA Hong Kong Tel: (44.171) 830 1000 Tel: (1.212) 554 0600 Tel: (852) 2802 7288 Fax: (44.171) 499 9767 Fax: (1.212) 586 1181/2 Fax: (852) 2802 7638 Electronic delivery EIU Electronic Publishing New York: Lou Celi or Lisa Hennessey Tel: (1.212) 554 0600 Fax: (1.212) 586 0248 London: Moya Veitch Tel: (44.171) 830 1007 Fax: (44.171) 830 1023 This publication is available on the following electronic and other media: Online databases CD-ROM Microfilm FT Profile (UK) Knight-Ridder Information World Microfilms Publications (UK) Tel: (44.171) 825 8000 Inc (USA) Tel: (44.171) 266 2202 DIALOG (USA) SilverPlatter (USA) Tel: (1.415) 254 7000 LEXIS-NEXIS (USA) Tel: (1.800) 227 4908 M.A.I.D/Profound (UK) Tel: (44.171) 930 6900 Copyright © 1996 The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. All rights reserved. Neither this publication nor any part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited. All information in this report is verified to the best of the author’s and the publisher’s ability. However, the EIU does not accept responsibility for any loss arising from reliance on it. ISSN 1350-7109 Symbols for tables “n/a” means not available; “–” means not applicable Printed and distributed by Redhouse Press Ltd, Unit 151, Dartford Trade Park, Dartford, Kent DA1 1QB, UK 1 Summary China, Mongolia 3rd quarter 1996 August 14, 1996 China Political and economic structures pages 3-4 Outlook: Jiang Zemin’s position at the apex of state and party is being con- solidated as the forthcoming party congress approaches. Political controls will be tightened, although debate about the boundaries of socialism will continue. Nationalism will remain an important rallying call. Pragmatism will continue to drive economic policy; a soft landing is assured and there are even fears that the austerity measures in place since 1993 have been overdone. But the EIU believes that growth, mainly investment-led, will be about 9% in 1996-97, with a recovery in export performance in the second half of the year. We also expect a lower trade surplus in both these years, combined with a rising invisibles deficit, to produce a modest current-account deficit in 1997. Inflation, having subsided, is likely to accelerate a little, adding to the need to correct for real appreciation of the renminbi in 1995-96. pages 5-9 The political scene: The 15th CCP Congress looms closer and some leader- ship changes are expected, although the current ruling group will remain dominant. The search for a contemporary ideology continues, manifest in debates about the role of socialism in the economy and a drive to rebuild moral in and outside the party. Corruption overshadows this quest. The clampdown on crime has continued. There have been reports of separatist activities in Xinjiang, and Tibet remains a thorn in Beijing’s flesh, but one that cannot be drawn. China is hoping that South Africa will switch recognition soon. Sino-US relations have undergone a (possibly only temporary) warming. China has adopted a less belligerent attitude towards Taiwan. pages 9-20 Economic policy and the economy: There has been a further relaxation in the form of lower interest rates. State enterprise reform has remained basically stalled, bar a few minor experiments. The political climate is not conducive to bold initiatives, but there are continuing, pragmatic moves on several fronts, including measures to aid the unemployed and incentives for foreign invest- ment in the interior and in agriculture. The currency is now virtually convert- ible on current account. New incentives are being offered in some SEZs, and for investment in the centre and the west. GDP growth was 9.8% in the first half of 1996, a slowdown from 10.2% in the first quarter. Inflation has fallen into single figures, but a grain price rise from July will pull it back up. The invest- ment growth rate has been falling. State-owned enterprises have continued to record large losses. pages 20-32 Sectoral trends: A record summer grain harvest has been gathered in, despite serious and widespread floods. The energy sector is the focus of concentrated state effort to alleviate bottlenecks and China avers that it can readily finance the Three Gorges project. Foreign investment is being sought in the coal sector. Retail trade is booming, as are aviation and the telecommunications sector. A EIU Country Report 3rd quarter 1996 © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 1996 2 bond issue of $700m marked China’s successful return to the international bond market in June. There has been progress in liberalising interest rates. Dow Jones has introduced China indices. pages 32-37 Foreign trade, investment and payments: The trade surplus was down to a meagre $880m in the first half of 1996, as exports fell by 8.2%. Low value added exports such as textiles, which compete on price, have fallen sharply. The inefficiency of state-owned trading companies has also hampered exports, as has the poor performance of SOEs. Foreign investment inflows continue to be robust, but little is devoted to infrastructure. Reserves have climbed again. pages 37-40 Mongolia Political and economic structures pages 41-42 Outlook: The surprise victory of a coalition of democratic parties in the June elections could lead to many changes, although the new government will meet strong opposition in the legislature. Economic policy will remain focused on the twin goals of marketisation and poverty alleviation and aid donors will retain a key influence. page 43 The political scene: The victory of the coalition of democratic parties in the June elections was a surprise, not least to the outgoing MPRP, which lost 50 seats and now has only 25. Complacency played a part in the MPRP’s defeat. The new government, led by the prime minister, Mendsaikhany Enkhsaikhan, will work well with the president, with whom the new prime minister has close personal ties. Various reforms are in the offing. Relations with Russia have improved. pages 44-47 Economic policy and the economy: Falling copper prices have taken a toll on government revenue as well as on the trade account. Liquidity management is proving difficult as efforts to increase confidence in the tögrög persist. Infla- tion has eased again, to a monthly rate 1.6% in May. Privatisation has hit a setback. pages 47-49 Sectoral trends: Industrial output growth has continued and Ulaanbaatar is to get a new landmark. Tenders are out for various energy and mining projects but electricity is in short supply and oil stocks need replenishing. Floods fol- lowed devastating fires from February onwards, delaying the 1996 sowing. Additional international flights have started. pages 49-53 Foreign trade and payments, and aid and investment: Exports fell in the first five months of the year, mainly because of falling copper prices. Imports of capital goods rose, bringing trade into deficit of $3.6m. Mongolia has become a member of the World Customs Organisation. Aid from Europe will rise. Japan is concerned about the application of its aid. pages 53-56 Statistical appendices pages 57-60 Editor: Georgina Wilde All queries: Tel: (44.171) 830 1007 Fax: (44.171) 830 1023 EIU Country Report 3rd quarter 1996 © The Economist Intelligence Unit Limited 1996 China 3 Political structure: China Official name: People’s Republic of China Form of government: one-party rule The executive: 15-member State Council elected by the National People’s Congress (NPC) Head of state: a president (currently Jiang Zemin) is elected for a renewable five-year term by the NPC National legislature: unicameral National People’s Congress (NPC): 2,970 delegates elected by provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions and the armed forces; elects the president and members of the State Council and the members of the Standing Committee of the NPC which meets when the NPC is not in session. All the arms of the legislature and executive sit for five-year terms Regional assemblies and administrations: the 22 provinces, three special municipalities and five autonomous regions elect local People’s Congresses and are administered by People’s Governments Last national elections: March 1993 (presidential and State Council) Next elections due: by March 1998 (presidential and State Council) National government: the Politburo (currently 20 members) of the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hong Kong SAR
    China Data Supplement November 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 47 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 54 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 61 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 65 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatiotemporal Patterns of Population Mobility and Its Determinants in Chinese Cities Based on Travel Big Data
    sustainability Article Spatiotemporal Patterns of Population Mobility and Its Determinants in Chinese Cities Based on Travel Big Data Zhen Yang 1,2 , Weijun Gao 1,2,* , Xueyuan Zhao 1,2, Chibiao Hao 3 and Xudong Xie 3 1 Innovation Institute for Sustainable Maritime Architecture Research and Technology, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China; [email protected] (Z.Y.); [email protected] (X.Z.) 2 Faculty of Environmental Engineering, The University of Kitakyushu, Kitakyushu 808-0135, Japan 3 College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266033, China; [email protected] (C.H.); [email protected] (X.X.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-93-695-3234 Received: 16 April 2020; Accepted: 13 May 2020; Published: 14 May 2020 Abstract: Large-scale population mobility has an important impact on the spatial layout of China’s urban systems. Compared with traditional census data, mobile-phone-based travel big data can describe the mobility patterns of a population in a timely, dynamic, complete, and accurate manner. With the travel big dataset supported by Tencent’s location big data, combined with social network analysis (SNA) and a semiparametric geographically weighted regression (SGWR) model, this paper first analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns and characteristics of mobile-data-based population mobility (MBPM), and then revealed the socioeconomic factors related to population mobility during the Spring Festival of 2019, which is the most important festival in China, equivalent to Thanksgiving Day in United States. During this period, the volume of population mobility exceeded 200 million, which became the largest time node of short-term population mobility in the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Female Infanticide in China: an Examination of Cultural and Legal Norms
    FEMALE INFANTICIDE IN CHINA: AN EXAMINATION OF CULTURAL AND LEGAL NORMS Julie Jimmerson* I. INTRODUCTION For the past ten years China has been carrying out an ambi- tious program to keep its population under 1.2 billion by the year 2,000 by limiting most couples to one child.' The program is his- torically one of the most extensive exercises of state control over fertility and is especially significant in a society where the state has traditionally intervened in family matters only rarely and with much reluctance. Not surprisingly, the policy has encountered great resistance, particularly from rural areas, where roughly eighty percent of China's population lives. Pronatal norms have been tra- ditionally strong in the countryside, and these norms have been re- inforced by the recent introduction of economic policies that tend to encourage large families. Government policies have thus placed much of rural society in a dilemma. Couples may either reject the one-child limit and at- tempt to have more children, thereby increasing their net household income (but subjecting them to government sanctions); or they may obey the one-child limit and suffer the economic consequences of a smaller income. Couples whose one child turns out to be a girl are in an even more painful dilemma: cultural norms dictate that daughters marry out and transfer their emotional and economic * J.D. expected 1990, UCLA School of Law; B.A. 1981, University of California, Berkeley. The author would like to thank Professors William Alford and Taimie Bry- ant for their help and encouragement. Any errors are the author's alone.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement March 2008 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC ......................................................................... 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC ..................................................................... 31 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership ...................................................................... 38 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries ......................................................................... 54 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations .............................................................................................. 56 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR ................................................................................................................ 58 LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR ....................................................................................................................... 65 LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan .............................................................................................................................. 69 LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Studies Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 March 2008 The Main National Leadership of the
    [Show full text]
  • Governance and Politics of China
    Copyrighted material – 978–1–137–44527–8 © Tony Saich 2001, 2004, 2011, 2015 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identifi ed as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First edition 2001 Second edition 2004 Third edition 2011 Fourth edition 2015 Published by PALGRAVE Palgrave in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave is a global imprint of the above companies and is represented throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978–1–137–44528–5 hardback ISBN 978–1–137–44527–8 paperback This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin.
    [Show full text]
  • Temporal-Relational Hypergraph Tri-Attention Networks for Stock
    JOURNAL OF LATEX CLASS FILES, VOL. 14, NO. 8, AUGUST 2015 1 Temporal-Relational Hypergraph Tri-Attention Networks for Stock Trend Prediction Chaoran Cui, Xiaojie Li, Juan Du, Chunyun Zhang, Xiushan Nie, Meng Wang, and Yilong Yin Abstract—Predicting the future price trends of stocks is a trend prediction, which aims to forecast the future price trends challenging yet intriguing problem given its critical role to help of stocks, has received increasing attention due to its potential investors make profitable decisions. In this paper, we present a in helping investors make profitable decisions. Although the collaborative temporal-relational modeling framework for end- to-end stock trend prediction. The temporal dynamics of stocks famous efficient market hypothesis [1] holds a pessimistic is firstly captured with an attention-based recurrent neural view that the future price of a stock is unpredictable with network. Then, different from existing studies relying on the respect to currently available information, continuous research pairwise correlations between stocks, we argue that stocks are works [2]–[4] on stock trend prediction have achieved impres- naturally connected as a collective group, and introduce the sive success in past decades, and provided strong evidence for hypergraph structures to jointly characterize the stock group- wise relationships of industry-belonging and fund-holding. A the predictability of stock markets. novel hypergraph tri-attention network (HGTAN) is proposed A natural solution to stock trend prediction is to regard it as to augment the hypergraph convolutional networks with a hier- a time series modeling problem, for which the autoregressive archical organization of intra-hyperedge, inter-hyperedge, and model and its variants [5] were initially applied to fit the inter-hypergraph attention modules.
    [Show full text]
  • Community Informatics in Chongqing: a Case Study of the Real-Name and ID Requirement Policy in the Chinese Railway System
    Community Informatics in Chongqing: A Case Study of the Real-Name and ID Requirement Policy in the Chinese Railway System Huo Ran 霍然 and Wei Qunyi 魏群义 Abstract This study discusses strategies for narrowing the digital divide by examining the real-name and ID requirement policy that governs online purchases of train tickets in China. Using a case study, the authors of this study asks what factors influence online ticket pur- chasing by railway passengers and examines how Chinese public libraries offer online ticket-purchasing assistance as a strategy for bridging the digital divide. Deploying both quantitative and quali- tative methods—including questionnaires and semistructured in- terviews—the authors found that four factors—gender, age, social status, and privacy concerns—were most important in influencing passengers’ online ticket purchasing, and that Chinese public librar- ies do facilitate access to the digital world. Introduction Over the past two decades, rail travel—especially between urban and ru- ral areas—has grown tremendously in China. This is in part because so many people have left home to pursue employment or higher education. Travel increases especially during the summer holidays and around Chi- nese New Year 春节 and peaks around the Lunar New Year. The period around the Chinese New Year usually begins 15 days before this turn of the year and lasts for about forty days in total (“Chunyun,” 2012). The railroad sees an extremely high traffic load during this period. Annually, approximately three billion passengers travel between China’s provinces during this time—possibly a world record. STNN 星岛环球网 reported that in the two weeks of the Chunyun 春运 period in 2008, the number of passenger journeys exceeded 22 billion.
    [Show full text]
  • Hong Kong, 1997 : the Politics of Transition
    The Politics of Transition Enbao Wang .i.' ^ m iip Canada-Hong Kong Resource Centre ^ff from Hung On-To Memorial Library ^<^' Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2010 with funding from IVIulticultural Canada; University of Toronto Libraries http://www.archive.org/details/hongkong1997poli00wang Hong Kong, 1997 Canada-Hong Kong Resource Centre Spadina 1 Crescent, Rjn. Ill • Tbronto, Canada • M5S lAl Hong Kong, 1997 The Politics of Transition Enbao Wang LYNNE RIENNER PUBLISHERS BOULDER LONDON — Published in the United States of America in 1995 by L\ nne Rienner Publishers. Inc. 1800 30lh Street. Boulder. Colorado 80301 and in the United Kingdom by U\ nne Rienner Publishers. Inc. 3 Henrietta Street. Covenl Garden. Uondon WC2E 8LU © 1995 by Lynne Rienner Publishers, inc. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wang. Enbao. 1953- Hong Kong. 1997 : the politics of transition / Enbao Wang. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-55587-597-1 (he: alk. paper) 1 . Hong Kong—Politics and government. 2. Hong Kong—Relations China. 3. China—Relations — Hong Kong. 4. China— Politics and government— 1976- 1. Title. bs796.H757W36 1995 951.2505—dc20 95-12694 CIP British Cataloguing in Publication Data A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Uibrarv. This book was t\peset b\ Uetra Libre. Boulder. Colorado. Printed and bound in the United States of .America The paper used in this publication meets the requirements @ of the .American National Standard for Permanence
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Current Chinese Affairs
    China Data Supplement October 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 44 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 48 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 49 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 56 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 60 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 October 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded and Used in Any Application in That Wikipedia Has Been Blocked Intermittently Ever Since It Was First Language.1 Established in 2001
    Censorship of Online Encyclopedias: Implications for NLP Models Eddie Yang∗ Margaret E. Roberts∗ [email protected] [email protected] University of California, San Diego University of California, San Diego La Jolla, California La Jolla, California ABSTRACT use daily. NLP impacts how firms provide products to users, con- While artificial intelligence provides the backbone for many tools tent individuals receive through search and social media, and how people use around the world, recent work has brought to attention individuals interact with news and emails. Despite the growing that the algorithms powering AI are not free of politics, stereotypes, importance of NLP algorithms in shaping our lives, recently schol- and bias. While most work in this area has focused on the ways ars, policymakers, and the business community have raised the in which AI can exacerbate existing inequalities and discrimina- alarm of how gender and racial biases may be baked into these al- tion, very little work has studied how governments actively shape gorithms. Because they are trained on human data, the algorithms training data. We describe how censorship has affected the devel- themselves can replicate implicit and explicit human biases and opment of Wikipedia corpuses, text data which are regularly used aggravate discrimination [6, 8, 39]. Additionally, training data that for pre-trained inputs into NLP algorithms. We show that word em- over-represents a subset of the population may do a worse job beddings trained on Baidu Baike, an online Chinese encyclopedia, at predicting outcomes for other groups in the population [13]. have very different associations between adjectives and a range of When these algorithms are used in real world applications, they concepts about democracy, freedom, collective action, equality, and can perpetuate inequalities and cause real harm.
    [Show full text]
  • Xi Jinping and the Party Apparatus
    Miller, China Leadership Monitor, No. 25 Xi Jinping and the Party Apparatus Alice Miller In the six months since the 17th Party Congress, Xi Jinping’s public appearances indicate that he has been given the task of day-to-day supervision of the Party apparatus. This role will allow him to expand and consolidate his personal relationships up and down the Party hierarchy, a critical opportunity in his preparation to succeed Hu Jintao as Party leader in 2012. In particular, as Hu Jintao did in his decade of preparation prior to becoming top Party leader in 2002, Xi presides over the Party Secretariat. Traditionally, the Secretariat has served the Party’s top policy coordinating body, supervising implementation of decisions made by the Party Politburo and its Standing Committee. For reasons that are not entirely clear, Xi’s Secretariat has been significantly trimmed to focus solely on the Party apparatus, and has apparently relinquished its longstanding role in coordinating decisions in several major sectors of substantive policy. Xi’s Activities since the Party Congress At the First Plenum of the Chinese Communist Party’s 17th Central Committee on 22 October 2007, Xi Jinping was appointed sixth-ranking member of the Politburo Standing Committee and executive secretary of the Party Secretariat. In December 2007, he was also appointed president of the Central Party School, the Party’s finishing school for up and coming leaders and an important think-tank for the Party’s top leadership. On 15 March 2008, at the 11th National People’s Congress (NPC), Xi was also elected PRC vice president, a role that gives him enhanced opportunity to meet with visiting foreign leaders and to travel abroad on official state business.
    [Show full text]
  • Shanghai Sojourners
    CHINA RESEARCH MONOGRAPH 40 FM, INSTITUTE OF EAST ASIAN STUDIES ~~ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • BERKELEY C(S CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES Shanghai Sojourners EDITED BY Frederic Wakeman, Jr., and Wen-hsin Yeh A publication of the Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California at Berkeley. Although the Institute of East Asian Studies is responsible for the selec­ tion and acceptance of manuscripts in this series, responsibility for the opinions expressed and for the accuracy of statements rests with their authors. Correspondence may be sent to: Ms. Joanne Sandstrom, Managing Editor Institute of East Asian Studies University of California Berkeley, California 94 720 The China Research Monograph series, whose first title appeared in 1967, is one of several publications series sponsored by the Institute of East Asian Studies in conjunction with its constituent units. The others include the Japan Research Monograph series, the Korea Research Monograph series, the Indochina Research Monograph series, and the Research Papers and Policy Studies series. A list of recent publications appears at the back of the book. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shanghai sojourners I Frederic E. Wakeman, Jr. , Wen-hsin Yeh, editors. p. em. - (China research monograph ; no. 40) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-55729-035-0 (paper) : $20.00 l. Shanghai (China)-History. I. Wakeman, Frederic E. II . Yeh, Wen­ Hsin. III. Series. DS796.5257S57 1992 95l.l'32-dc20 92-70468 CIP Copyright © 1992 by The Regents of the University of California ISBN 1-55729-035-0 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 92-70468 Printed in the United States of America All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]