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Digital Fanfic in Negotiation: Livejournal, Archive of Our Own, and the Affordances of Read-Write Platforms
Digital fanfic in negotiation: LiveJournal, Archive of our Own, and the affordances of read-write platforms. Introduction Fanfiction is the unauthorized rewriting or adaptation of popular media narratives, utilizing corporately owned characters, settings and storylines to tell an individual writer’s own story (self-ref, 2017). It is often abbreviated to fanfic or even fic, and exists in a thoroughly grey legal area between copyright infringement and fair use (Tushnet 1997, McCardle 2011). Though there were a few cases of cease-and-desist letters sent to fan writers in the twentieth century, media corporations now understand it is useless to attempt to prosecute fanfic writers – for one thing, there are simply too many of us,1 and for another it would be terrible publicity. Though modern fanfic can be reliably dated to the 1960s (Jenkins 1992), it is now primarily an online practice, and the fastest growing form of writing in the world (self ref). This paper uses participant observation and online ethnography to explore how fanfiction archives utilize digital affordances. Following Murray, I will argue that a robust understanding of digital read-write platforms needs to account for the social and legal context of digital fiction as well as its technological affordances. Whilst the online platform LiveJournal in some ways channels user creativity towards a more self-evidentially ‘digital’ texts than its successor in the Archive of Our Own (A03), the Archive encourages greater reader interactivity at the level of archive and sorting. I will demonstrate that in some ways, the A03 recoups some of the cultural capital and use value of print. -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
Ethnicity, Education and Equality in Nepal
HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies Volume 36 Number 2 Article 6 December 2016 New Languages of Schooling: Ethnicity, Education and Equality in Nepal Uma Pradhan University of Oxford, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya Recommended Citation Pradhan, Uma. 2016. New Languages of Schooling: Ethnicity, Education and Equality in Nepal. HIMALAYA 36(2). Available at: https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/himalaya/vol36/iss2/6 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 License This Research Article is brought to you for free and open access by the DigitalCommons@Macalester College at DigitalCommons@Macalester College. It has been accepted for inclusion in HIMALAYA, the Journal of the Association for Nepal and Himalayan Studies by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Macalester College. For more information, please contact [email protected]. New Languages of Schooling: Ethnicity, Education, and Equality in Nepal Uma Pradhan Mother tongue education has remained this attempt to seek membership into a controversial issue in Nepal. Scholars, multiple groups and display of apparently activists, and policy-makers have favored contradictory dynamics. On the one hand, the mother tongue education from the standpoint practices in these schools display inward- of social justice. Against these views, others looking characteristics through the everyday have identified this effort as predominantly use of mother tongue, the construction of groupist in its orientation and not helpful unified ethnic identity, and cultural practices. in imagining a unified national community. On the other hand, outward-looking dynamics Taking this contention as a point of inquiry, of making claims in the universal spaces of this paper explores the contested space of national education and public places could mother tongue education to understand the also be seen. -
The Significance of Anime As a Novel Animation Form, Referencing Selected Works by Hayao Miyazaki, Satoshi Kon and Mamoru Oshii
The significance of anime as a novel animation form, referencing selected works by Hayao Miyazaki, Satoshi Kon and Mamoru Oshii Ywain Tomos submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Aberystwyth University Department of Theatre, Film and Television Studies, September 2013 DECLARATION This work has not previously been accepted in substance for any degree and is not being concurrently submitted in candidature for any degree. Signed………………………………………………………(candidate) Date …………………………………………………. STATEMENT 1 This dissertation is the result of my own independent work/investigation, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged explicit references. A bibliography is appended. Signed………………………………………………………(candidate) Date …………………………………………………. STATEMENT 2 I hereby give consent for my dissertation, if accepted, to be available for photocopying and for inter-library loan, and for the title and summary to be made available to outside organisations. Signed………………………………………………………(candidate) Date …………………………………………………. 2 Acknowledgements I would to take this opportunity to sincerely thank my supervisors, Elin Haf Gruffydd Jones and Dr Dafydd Sills-Jones for all their help and support during this research study. Thanks are also due to my colleagues in the Department of Theatre, Film and Television Studies, Aberystwyth University for their friendship during my time at Aberystwyth. I would also like to thank Prof Josephine Berndt and Dr Sheuo Gan, Kyoto Seiko University, Kyoto for their valuable insights during my visit in 2011. In addition, I would like to express my thanks to the Coleg Cenedlaethol for the scholarship and the opportunity to develop research skills in the Welsh language. Finally I would like to thank my wife Tomoko for her support, patience and tolerance over the last four years – diolch o’r galon Tomoko, ありがとう 智子. -
Woodcuts to Wrapping Paper: Concepts of Originality in Contemporary Prints Alison Buinicky Dickinson College
Dickinson College Dickinson Scholar Student Scholarship & Creative Works By Year Student Scholarship & Creative Works 1-28-2005 Woodcuts to Wrapping Paper: Concepts of Originality in Contemporary Prints Alison Buinicky Dickinson College Sarah Rachel Burger Dickinson College Blair Hetherington Douglas Dickinson College Michelle Erika Garman Dickinson College Danielle Marie Gower Dickinson College See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.dickinson.edu/student_work Part of the Contemporary Art Commons Recommended Citation Hirsh, Sharon, et al. Woodcuts to Wrapping Paper: Concepts of Originality in Contemporary Prints. Carlisle, Pa.: The rT out Gallery, Dickinson College, 2005. This Exhibition Catalog is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship & Creative Works at Dickinson Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Scholarship & Creative Works By Year by an authorized administrator of Dickinson Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors Alison Buinicky, Sarah Rachel Burger, Blair Hetherington Douglas, Michelle Erika Garman, Danielle Marie Gower, Blair Lesley Harris, Laura Delong Heffelfinger, Saman Mohammad Khan, Ryan McNally, Erin Elizabeth Mounts, Nora Marisa Mueller, Alexandra Thayer, Heather Jean Tilton, Sharon L. Hirsh, and Trout Gallery This exhibition catalog is available at Dickinson Scholar: http://scholar.dickinson.edu/student_work/9 WOODCUTS TO Concepts of Originality in Contemporary Wrapping Paper Prints WOODCUTS TO Concepts of Originality in Contemporary Wrapping Paper Prints January 28 – March 5, 2005 Curated by: Alison Buinicky Sarah Burger Blair H. Douglas Michelle E. Garman Danielle M. Gower Blair L. Harris Laura D. Heffelfinger Saman Khan Ryan McNally Erin E. Mounts Nora M. -
India Country Name India
TOPONYMIC FACT FILE India Country name India State title in English Republic of India State title in official languages (Bhārat Gaṇarājya) (romanized in brackets) भारत गणरा煍य Name of citizen Indian Official languages Hindi, written in Devanagari script, and English1 Country name in official languages (Bhārat) (romanized in brackets) भारत Script Devanagari ISO-3166 code (alpha-2/alpha-3) IN/IND Capital New Delhi Population 1,210 million2 Introduction India occupies the greater part of South Asia. It was part of the British Empire from 1858 until 1947 when India was split along religious lines into two nations at independence: the Hindu-majority India and the Muslim-majority Pakistan. Its highly diverse population consists of thousands of ethnic groups and hundreds of languages. Northeast India comprises the states of Arunāchal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghālaya, Mizoram, Nāgāland, Sikkim and Tripura. It is connected to the rest of India through a narrow corridor of the state of West Bengal. It shares borders with the countries of Nepal, China, Bhutan, Myanmar (Burma) and Bangladesh. The mostly hilly and mountainous region is home to many hill tribes, with their own distinct languages and culture. Geographical names policy PCGN policy for India is to use the Roman-script geographical names found on official India-produced sources. Official maps are produced by the Survey of India primarily in Hindi and English (versions are also made in Odiya for Odisha state, Tamil for Tamil Nādu state and there is a Sanskrit version of the political map of the whole of India). The Survey of India is also responsible for the standardization of geographical names in India. -
An Overview of Legal Protection for Fictional Characters: Balancing Public and Private Interests Amanda Schreyer
Cybaris® Volume 6 | Issue 1 Article 3 2015 An Overview of Legal Protection for Fictional Characters: Balancing Public and Private Interests Amanda Schreyer Follow this and additional works at: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/cybaris Part of the Intellectual Property Law Commons Recommended Citation Schreyer, Amanda (2015) "An Overview of Legal Protection for Fictional Characters: Balancing Public and Private Interests," Cybaris®: Vol. 6: Iss. 1, Article 3. Available at: http://open.mitchellhamline.edu/cybaris/vol6/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews and Journals at Mitchell Hamline Open Access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cybaris® by an authorized administrator of Mitchell Hamline Open Access. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © Mitchell Hamline School of Law Schreyer: An Overview of Legal Protection for Fictional Characters: Balanci Published by Mitchell Hamline Open Access, 2015 1 Cybaris®, Vol. 6, Iss. 1 [2015], Art. 3 AN OVERVIEW OF LEGAL PROTECTION FOR FICTIONAL CHARACTERS: BALANCING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE INTERESTS † AMANDA SCHREYER I. Fictional Characters and the Law .............................................. 52! II. Legal Basis for Protecting Characters ...................................... 53! III. Copyright Protection of Characters ........................................ 57! A. Literary Characters Versus Visual Characters ............... 60! B. Component Parts of Characters Can Be Separately Copyrightable ................................................................ -
The Community Radio Movement in India – a Chronology of Events
THE COMMUNITY RADIO MOVEMENT IN INDIA – A CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS · SUPREME COURT JUDGMENT ON AIRWAVES, 9 FEB 1995 The Supreme Court delivers a historic judgment in Ministry of Information and Broadcasting v. Cricket Association of Bengal, which involves the right of a cricket association to give telecast rights to an agency of its choice. The Court rules that, "Airwaves constitute public property and must be utilized for advancing public good." · BANGALORE DECLARATION, SEPTEMBER 1996 Policy planners, media professionals and CSOs gather in Bangalore in September 1996 to study how community radio could be relevant in India. A ‘Bangalore Declaration’ is signed, which has formed the basis of advocacy for community radio since then. · 'KUNJAL PANCHCHI KUTCHJI', COMMUNITY RADIO PROGRAMME BROADCAST FROM AIR BHUJ, 16 DECEMBER 1999 The thirty minute sponsored programme is produced by KMVS (Kutch Mahila Vikas Sangathan) in the Kutchi language, and broadcast on Thursdays at 8pm. · COMMERCIAL FM LICENSING PHASE-1, MAY 2000 108 FM frequencies were licensed in 40 cities. Only 21 commercial FM stations are currently on air, in 12 cities. · PASTAPUR DECLARATION / INITIATIVE, HYDERABAD & PASTAPUR, ANDHRA PRADESH, 17-20 JULY, 2000 A UNESCO sponsored workshop from July 17-20, 2000 in Hyderabad and Pastapur (Andhra Pradesh) brings out the ‘Pastapur Initiative on Community Radio’, urging the government to create a three-tier structure of broadcasting in India -- state-owned public radio, private commercial radio, and a non-profit community radio. · COMMUNITY RADIO MAILING LIST set up, (on [email protected] since January 2002). Around 250 members. · CONSULTATIONS BY INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY (IGNOU), NEW DELHI, 8 / 9 AUGUST 2001 While the consultation focuses on the idea of educational radio (Gyan Vani), it reiterates the importance of community radio and suggests that up to 40 per cent of broadcast time on educational radio could be reserved for community programming. -
Nesting in Paradise Bird Watching in Gujarat
Nesting in Paradise Bird Watching in Gujarat Tourism Corporation of Gujarat Limited Toll Free : 1800 200 5080 | www.gujarattourism.com Designed by Sobhagya Why is Gujarat such a haven for beautiful and rare birds? The secret is not hard to find when you look at the unrivalled diversity of eco- Merry systems the State possesses. There are the moist forested hills of the Dang District to the salt-encrusted plains of Kutch district. Deciduous forests like Gir National Park, and the vast grasslands of Kutch and Migration Bhavnagar districts, scrub-jungles, river-systems like the Narmada, Mahi, Sabarmati and Tapti, and a multitude of lakes and other wetlands. Not to mention a long coastline with two gulfs, many estuaries, beaches, mangrove forests, and offshore islands fringed by coral reefs. These dissimilar but bird-friendly ecosystems beckon both birds and bird watchers in abundance to Gujarat. Along with indigenous species, birds from as far away as Northern Europe migrate to Gujarat every year and make the wetlands and other suitable places their breeding ground. No wonder bird watchers of all kinds benefit from their visit to Gujarat's superb bird sanctuaries. Chhari Dhand Chhari Dhand Bhuj Chhari Dhand Conservation Reserve: The only Conservation Reserve in Gujarat, this wetland is known for variety of water birds Are you looking for some unique bird watching location? Come to Chhari Dhand wetland in Kutch District. This virgin wetland has a hill as its backdrop, making the setting soothingly picturesque. Thankfully, there is no hustle and bustle of tourists as only keen bird watchers and nature lovers come to Chhari Dhand. -
Multilingual Education and Nepal Appendix 3
19. Skutnabb-Kangas, Tove and Mohanty, Ajit. Policy and Strategy for MLE in Nepal Report by Tove Skutnabb-Kangas and Ajit Mohanty Consultancy visit 4-14 March 2009i Sanothimi, Bhaktapur: Multilingual Education Program for All Non-Nepali Speaking Students of Primary Schools of Nepal. Ministry of Education, Department of Education, Inclusive Section. See also In Press, for an updated version. List of Contents List of Contents List of Appendices List of Tables List of Figures List of Abbreviations 1. Introduction: placing language in education issues in Nepal in a broader societal, economic and political framework 2. Broader Language Policy and Planning Perspectives and Issues 2.1. STEP 1 in Language Policy and Language Planning: Broad-based political debates about the goals of language 2.2. STEP 2 in Educational Language Policy and Language Planning: Realistic language proficiency goal/aim in relation to the baseline 2.3. STEP 3 in Educational Language Planning: ideal goals and prerequisites compared with characteristics of present schools 2.4. STEP 4 in Educational Language Planning: what has characterized programmes with high versus low success? 2.5. STEP 5 in Educational Language Planning: does it pay off to maintain ITM languages? 3. Scenarios 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Models with often harmful results: dominant-language-medium (subtractive assimilatory submersion) 3.3. Somewhat better but not good enough results: early-exit transitional models 3.4. Even better results: late-exit transitional models 3.5. Strongest form: self-evident mother tongue medium models with no transition 4. Experiences from Nepal: the situation today 5. Specific challenges in Nepal: implementation strategies 5.1. -
Proposal for a Gujarati Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)
Proposal for a Gujarati Root Zone LGR Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel Proposal for a Gujarati Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR) LGR Version: 3.0 Date: 2019-03-06 Document version: 3.6 Authors: Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel [NBGP] 1 General Information/ Overview/ Abstract The purpose of this document is to give an overview of the proposed Gujarati LGR in the XML format and the rationale behind the design decisions taken. It includes a discussion of relevant features of the script, the communities or languages using it, the process and methodology used and information on the contributors. The formal specification of the LGR can be found in the accompanying XML document: proposal-gujarati-lgr-06mar19-en.xml Labels for testing can be found in the accompanying text document: gujarati-test-labels-06mar19-en.txt 2 Script for which the LGR is proposed ISO 15924 Code: Gujr ISO 15924 Key N°: 320 ISO 15924 English Name: Gujarati Latin transliteration of native script name: gujarâtî Native name of the script: ગજુ રાતી Maximal Starting Repertoire (MSR) version: MSR-4 1 Proposal for a Gujarati Root Zone LGR Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel 3 Background on the Script and the Principal Languages Using it1 Gujarati (ગજુ રાતી) [also sometimes written as Gujerati, Gujarathi, Guzratee, Guujaratee, Gujrathi, and Gujerathi2] is an Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian state of Gujarat. It is part of the greater Indo-European language family. It is so named because Gujarati is the language of the Gujjars. Gujarati's origins can be traced back to Old Gujarati (circa 1100– 1500 AD). -
Minority Languages in India
Thomas Benedikter Minority Languages in India An appraisal of the linguistic rights of minorities in India ---------------------------- EURASIA-Net Europe-South Asia Exchange on Supranational (Regional) Policies and Instruments for the Promotion of Human Rights and the Management of Minority Issues 2 Linguistic minorities in India An appraisal of the linguistic rights of minorities in India Bozen/Bolzano, March 2013 This study was originally written for the European Academy of Bolzano/Bozen (EURAC), Institute for Minority Rights, in the frame of the project Europe-South Asia Exchange on Supranational (Regional) Policies and Instruments for the Promotion of Human Rights and the Management of Minority Issues (EURASIA-Net). The publication is based on extensive research in eight Indian States, with the support of the European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano and the Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group, Kolkata. EURASIA-Net Partners Accademia Europea Bolzano/Europäische Akademie Bozen (EURAC) – Bolzano/Bozen (Italy) Brunel University – West London (UK) Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität – Frankfurt am Main (Germany) Mahanirban Calcutta Research Group (India) South Asian Forum for Human Rights (Nepal) Democratic Commission of Human Development (Pakistan), and University of Dhaka (Bangladesh) Edited by © Thomas Benedikter 2013 Rights and permissions Copying and/or transmitting parts of this work without prior permission, may be a violation of applicable law. The publishers encourage dissemination of this publication and would be happy to grant permission.