Exploring Phonological Areality in the Circum-Andean Region Using a Naive Bayes Classifier
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Revista Philologus, Nº 55
Revista Philologus, Ano 27, n. 79, Rio de Janeiro, Janeiro/Abril 2021 Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológicos e Linguísticos R454 Revista Philologus, Ano 27, n. 79, Rio de Janeiro: CiFEFiL, jan./abr.2021. 261p. Quadrimestral e-ISSN 1413-6457 e ISSN 1413-6457 1. Filologia–Periódicos. 2. Linguística–Periódicos. I. Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológicos e Linguísticos CDU801(05) 2 Revista Philologus, Ano 27, n. 79. Rio de Janeiro: CiFEFiL, jan./abr.2021. Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológicos e Linguísticos EXPEDIENTE A Revista Philologus é um periódico quadrimestral do Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológicos e Linguísticos (CiFEFiL), que se destina a veicular a transmissão e a produção de conhecimentos e reflexões científicas, desta entidade, nas áreas de filologia e de linguís- tica por ela abrangidas. Os artigos assinados são de responsabilidade exclusiva de seus autores. Editora Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológicos e Linguísticos (CiFEFiL) Rua da Alfândega, 115, Sala: 1008 – Centro – 2007-003 – Rio de Janeiro-RJ (21) 3368 8483, [email protected] e http://www.filologia.org.br/rph/ Diretor-Presidente: Prof. Dr. José Mario Botelho Vice-Diretora-Presidente: Profª Drª Anne Caroline de Morais Santos Secretário: Prof. Dr. Juan Rodriguez da Cruz Diretora Cultural Prof. Dr. Leonardo Ferreira Kaltner Diretora Financeira Profª Drª Dayhane Alves Escobar Ribeiro Paes Diretora de Publicações Prof. Mª Aline Salucci Nunes Vice-Diretor de Publicações Profª Drª Maria Lúcia Mexias Simon Equipe de Apoio Editorial Constituída pelos Diretores e Secretários do Círculo Fluminense de Estudos Filológi- cos e Linguísticos (CiFEFiL). Esta Equipe é a responsável pelo recebimento e avaliação dos trabalhos encaminhados para publicação nesta Revista. -
Enhanced Input in LCTL Pedagogy
Enhanced Input in LCTL Pedagogy Marilyn S. Manley Rowan University Abstract Language materials for the more-commonly-taught languages (MCTLs) often include visual input enhancement (Sharwood Smith 1991, 1993) which makes use of typographical cues like bolding and underlining to enhance the saliency of targeted forms. For a variety of reasons, this paper argues that the use of enhanced input, both visual and oral, is especially important as a tool for the less- commonly-taught languages (LCTLs). As there continues to be a scarcity of teaching resources for the LCTLs, individual teachers must take it upon themselves to incorporate enhanced input into their own self-made materials. Specific examples of how to incorpo- rate both visual and oral enhanced input into language teaching are drawn from the author’s own experiences teaching Cuzco Quechua. Additionally, survey results are presented from the author’s Fall 2010 semester Cuzco Quechua language students, supporting the use of both visual and oral enhanced input. Introduction Sharwood Smith’s input enhancement hypothesis (1991, 1993) responds to why it is that L2 learners often seem to ignore tar- get language norms present in the linguistic input they have received, resulting in non-target-like output. According to Sharwood Smith (1991, 1993), these learners may not be noticing, and therefore not consequently learning, particular target language forms due to the fact that they lack perceptual salience in the linguistic input. Therefore, in order to stimulate the intake of form as well as meaning, Sharwood Smith (1991, 1993) proposes improving the quality of language input through input enhancement, involving increasing the saliency of lin- guistic features for both visual input (ex. -
New Age Tourism and Evangelicalism in the 'Last
NEGOTIATING EVANGELICALISM AND NEW AGE TOURISM THROUGH QUECHUA ONTOLOGIES IN CUZCO, PERU by Guillermo Salas Carreño A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Anthropology) in The University of Michigan 2012 Doctoral Committee: Professor Bruce Mannheim, Chair Professor Judith T. Irvine Professor Paul C. Johnson Professor Webb Keane Professor Marisol de la Cadena, University of California Davis © Guillermo Salas Carreño All rights reserved 2012 To Stéphanie ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation was able to arrive to its final shape thanks to the support of many throughout its development. First of all I would like to thank the people of the community of Hapu (Paucartambo, Cuzco) who allowed me to stay at their community, participate in their daily life and in their festivities. Many thanks also to those who showed notable patience as well as engagement with a visitor who asked strange and absurd questions in a far from perfect Quechua. Because of the University of Michigan’s Institutional Review Board’s regulations I find myself unable to fully disclose their names. Given their public position of authority that allows me to mention them directly, I deeply thank the directive board of the community through its then president Francisco Apasa and the vice president José Machacca. Beyond the authorities, I particularly want to thank my compadres don Luis and doña Martina, Fabian and Viviana, José and María, Tomas and Florencia, and Francisco and Epifania for the many hours spent in their homes and their fields, sharing their food and daily tasks, and for their kindness in guiding me in Hapu, allowing me to participate in their daily life and answering my many questions. -
Redalyc.A Summary Reconstruction of Proto-Maweti-Guarani Segmental
Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas ISSN: 1981-8122 [email protected] Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Brasil Meira, Sérgio; Drude, Sebastian A summary reconstruction of proto-maweti-guarani segmental phonology Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas, vol. 10, núm. 2, mayo- agosto, 2015, pp. 275-296 Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi Belém, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=394051442005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Bol. Mus. Para. Emílio Goeldi. Cienc. Hum., Belém, v. 10, n. 2, p. 275-296, maio-ago. 2015 A summary reconstruction of proto-maweti-guarani segmental phonology Uma reconstrução resumida da fonologia segmental proto-mawetí-guaraní Sérgio MeiraI, Sebastian DrudeII IMuseu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Belém, Pará, Brasil IIMax-Planck-Institute for Psycholinguistics. Nijmegen, The Netherlands Abstract: This paper presents a succinct reconstruction of the segmental phonology of Proto-Maweti-Guarani, the hypothetical protolanguage from which modern Mawe, Aweti and the Tupi-Guarani branches of the Tupi linguistic family have evolved. Based on about 300 cognate sets from the authors’ field data (for Mawe and Aweti) and from Mello’s reconstruction (2000) for Proto-Tupi-Guarani (with additional information from other works; and with a few changes concerning certain doubtful features, such as the status of stem-final lenis consonants *r and *ß, and the distinction of *c and *č ), the consonants and vowels of Proto-Maweti-Guarani were reconstructed with the help of the traditional historical-comparative method. -
Fieldwork and Linguistic Analysis in Indigenous Languages of the Americas
Fieldwork and Linguistic Analysis in Indigenous Languages of the Americas edited by Andrea L. Berez, Jean Mulder, and Daisy Rosenblum Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 2 Published as a sPecial Publication of language documentation & conservation language documentation & conservation Department of Linguistics, UHM Moore Hall 569 1890 East-West Road Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822 USA http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc university of hawai‘i Press 2840 Kolowalu Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822-1888 USA © All texts and images are copyright to the respective authors. 2010 All chapters are licensed under Creative Commons Licenses Cover design by Cameron Chrichton Cover photograph of salmon drying racks near Lime Village, Alaska, by Andrea L. Berez Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data ISBN 978-0-8248-3530-9 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/4463 Contents Foreword iii Marianne Mithun Contributors v Acknowledgments viii 1. Introduction: The Boasian tradition and contemporary practice 1 in linguistic fieldwork in the Americas Daisy Rosenblum and Andrea L. Berez 2. Sociopragmatic influences on the development and use of the 9 discourse marker vet in Ixil Maya Jule Gómez de García, Melissa Axelrod, and María Luz García 3. Classifying clitics in Sm’algyax: 33 Approaching theory from the field Jean Mulder and Holly Sellers 4. Noun class and number in Kiowa-Tanoan: Comparative-historical 57 research and respecting speakers’ rights in fieldwork Logan Sutton 5. The story of *o in the Cariban family 91 Spike Gildea, B.J. Hoff, and Sérgio Meira 6. Multiple functions, multiple techniques: 125 The role of methodology in a study of Zapotec determiners Donna Fenton 7. -
Forms and Functions of Negation in Huaraz Quechua (Ancash, Peru): Analyzing the Interplay of Common Knowledge and Sociocultural Settings
Forms and Functions of Negation in Huaraz Quechua (Ancash, Peru): Analyzing the Interplay of Common Knowledge and Sociocultural Settings Dissertation zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie am Fachbereich Geschichts- und Kulturwissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin vorgelegt von Cristina Villari aus Verona (Italien) Berlin 2017 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Michael Dürr 2. Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Ingrid Kummels Tag der Disputation: 18.07.2017 To Ani and Leonel III Acknowledgements I wish to thank my teachers, colleagues and friends who have provided guidance, comments and encouragement through this process. I gratefully acknowledge the support received for this project from the Stiftung Lateinamerikanische Literatur. Many thanks go to my first supervisor Prof. Michael Dürr for his constructive comments and suggestions at every stage of this work. Many of his questions led to findings presented here. I am indebted to him for his precious counsel and detailed review of my drafts. Many thanks also go to my second supervisor Prof. Ingrid Kummels. She introduced me to the world of cultural anthropology during the doctoral colloquium at the Latin American Institute at the Free University of Berlin. The feedback she and my colleagues provided was instrumental in composing the sociolinguistic part of this work. I owe enormous gratitude to Leonel Menacho López and Anita Julca de Menacho. In fact, this project would not have been possible without their invaluable advice. During these years of research they have been more than consultants; Quechua teachers, comrades, guides and friends. With Leonel I have discussed most of the examples presented in this dissertation. It is only thanks to his contributions that I was able to explain nuances of meanings and the cultural background of the different expressions presented. -
An Amerind Etymological Dictionary
An Amerind Etymological Dictionary c 2007 by Merritt Ruhlen ! Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Greenberg, Joseph H. Ruhlen, Merritt An Amerind Etymological Dictionary Bibliography: p. Includes indexes. 1. Amerind Languages—Etymology—Classification. I. Title. P000.G0 2007 000!.012 00-00000 ISBN 0-0000-0000-0 (alk. paper) This book is dedicated to the Amerind people, the first Americans Preface The present volume is a revison, extension, and refinement of the ev- idence for the Amerind linguistic family that was initially offered in Greenberg (1987). This revision entails (1) the correction of a num- ber of forms, and the elimination of others, on the basis of criticism by specialists in various Amerind languages; (2) the consolidation of certain Amerind subgroup etymologies (given in Greenberg 1987) into Amerind etymologies; (3) the addition of many reconstructions from different levels of Amerind, based on a comprehensive database of all known reconstructions for Amerind subfamilies; and, finally, (4) the addition of a number of new Amerind etymologies presented here for the first time. I believe the present work represents an advance over the original, but it is at the same time simply one step forward on a project that will never be finished. M. R. September 2007 Contents Introduction 1 Dictionary 11 Maps 272 Classification of Amerind Languages 274 References 283 Semantic Index 296 Introduction This volume presents the lexical and grammatical evidence that defines the Amerind linguistic family. The evidence is presented in terms of 913 etymolo- gies, arranged alphabetically according to the English gloss. -
Languages of the Middle Andes in Areal-Typological Perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran
Languages of the Middle Andes in areal-typological perspective: Emphasis on Quechuan and Aymaran Willem F.H. Adelaar 1. Introduction1 Among the indigenous languages of the Andean region of Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northern Chile and northern Argentina, Quechuan and Aymaran have traditionally occupied a dominant position. Both Quechuan and Aymaran are language families of several million speakers each. Quechuan consists of a conglomerate of geo- graphically defined varieties, traditionally referred to as Quechua “dialects”, not- withstanding the fact that mutual intelligibility is often lacking. Present-day Ayma- ran consists of two distinct languages that are not normally referred to as “dialects”. The absence of a demonstrable genetic relationship between the Quechuan and Aymaran language families, accompanied by a lack of recognizable external gen- etic connections, suggests a long period of independent development, which may hark back to a period of incipient subsistence agriculture roughly dated between 8000 and 5000 BP (Torero 2002: 123–124), long before the Andean civilization at- tained its highest stages of complexity. Quechuan and Aymaran feature a great amount of detailed structural, phono- logical and lexical similarities and thus exemplify one of the most intriguing and intense cases of language contact to be found in the entire world. Often treated as a product of long-term convergence, the similarities between the Quechuan and Ay- maran families can best be understood as the result of an intense period of social and cultural intertwinement, which must have pre-dated the stage of the proto-lan- guages and was in turn followed by a protracted process of incidental and locally confined diffusion. -
Current Studies on South American Languages, [Indigenous Languages of Latin America (ILLA), Vol
This file is freely available for download at http://www.etnolinguistica.org/illa This book is freely available for download at http://www.etnolinguistica.org/illa References: Crevels, Mily, Simon van de Kerke, Sérgio Meira & Hein van der Voort (eds.). 2002. Current Studies on South American Languages, [Indigenous Languages of Latin America (ILLA), vol. 3], [CNWS publications, vol. 114], Leiden: Research School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies (CNWS), vi + 344 pp. (ISBN 90-5789-076-3) CURRENT STUDIES ON SOUTH AMERICAN LANGUAGES INDIGENOUS LANGUAGES OF LATIN AMERICA (ILLA) This series, entitled Indigenous Languages of Latin America, is a result of the collaboration between the CNWS research group of Amerindian Studies and the Spinoza research program Lexicon and Syntax, and it will function as an outlet for publications related to the research program. LENGUAS INDÍGENAS DE AMÉRICA LATINA (ILLA) La serie Lenguas Indígenas de América Latina es el resultado de la colabora- ción entre el equipo de investigación CNWS de estudios americanos y el programa de investigación Spinoza denominado Léxico y Sintaxis. Dicha serie tiene como objetivo publicar los trabajos que se lleven a cabo dentro de ambos programas de investigación. Board of advisors / Consejo asesor: Willem Adelaar (Universiteit Leiden) Eithne Carlin (Universiteit Leiden) Pieter Muysken (Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen) Leo Wetzels (Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam) Series editors / Editores de la serie: Mily Crevels (Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen) Simon van de Kerke (Universiteit -
Redalyc.Toolkits and Cultural Lexicon: an Ethnographic
Indiana ISSN: 0341-8642 [email protected] Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz Alemania Andrade Ciudad, Luis; Joffré, Gabriel Ramón Toolkits and Cultural Lexicon: An Ethnographic Comparison of Pottery and Weaving in the Northern Peruvian Andes Indiana, vol. 31, 2014, pp. 291-320 Ibero-Amerikanisches Institut Preußischer Kulturbesitz Berlin, Alemania Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=247033484009 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Toolkits and Cultural Lexicon: An Ethnographic Comparison of Pottery and Weaving in the Northern Peruvian Andes Luis Andrade Ciudad and Gabriel Ramón Joffré Ponticia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú Abstract: The ndings of an ethnographic comparison of pottery and weaving in the Northern Andes of Peru are presented. The project was carried out in villages of the six southern provinces of the department of Cajamarca. The comparison was performed tak- ing into account two parameters: technical uniformity or diversity in ‘plain’ pottery and weaving, and presence or absence of lexical items of indigenous origin – both Quechua and pre-Quechua – in the vocabulary of both handicraft activities. Pottery and weaving differ in the two observed domains. On the one hand, pottery shows more technical diver- sity than weaving: two different manufacturing techniques, with variants, were identied in pottery. Weaving with the backstrap loom ( telar de cintura ) is the only manufacturing tech- nique of probable precolonial origin in the area, and demonstrates remarkable uniformity in Southern Cajamarca, considering the toolkit and the basic sequence of ‘plain’ weaving. -
Chamacoco Lexicographical Supplement I
Luca Ciucci # Chamacoco lexicographical supplement I 1 Introduction Chamacoco is a language spoken by about 1600 people, whose traditional territory stretched over the Paraguayan Chaco along the river Paraguay in the department of Alto Paraguay. Along with Ayoreo, it is the only living language of the Zamucoan family. To these languages one should add Ancient Zamuco, an extinct language spoken in the XVIII century by some Zamucoan tribes present in the Jesuit missions of Chiquitos (Bolivia). Chamacoco has two dialects: Ebitoso and Tomaraho. Here I will only refer to the Ebitoso dialect, spoken by the vast majority of the Chamacoco people.1 A research project aiming at the description of the Zamucoan family started in 2007 at Scuola Normale di Pisa under the direction of Pier Marco Bertinetto, one of its goals being a scientifically oriented Chamacoco grammar on which I am currently working (on this project, see Ciucci 2011). The purpose of the present contribution is to systematize some lexical materials collected during my fieldwork. I will only report so far non documented words or words whose complete paradigm is not provided in Ulrich & Ulrich (2000) and Ciucci (2013), with respect to which the present work should be regarded as complementary. This is intended to be the first of a series of contributions for the preparation of a scientific Chamacoco dictionary which will also include the complete paradigms reported in the quoted works. # I would like to express my gratitude to Emanuele Saiu for his useful suggestions. I am the only responsible for all mistakes or inaccuracies which the present work may contain. -
Black Box Approaches to Genealogical Classification and Their Shortcomings Jelena Prokić and Steven Moran
Black box approaches to genealogical classification and their shortcomings Jelena Prokić and Steven Moran 1. Introduction In the past 20 years, the application of quantitative methods in historical lin- guistics has received a lot of attention. Traditional historical linguistics relies on the comparative method in order to determine the genealogical related- ness of languages. More recent quantitative approaches attempt to automate this process, either by developing computational tools that complement the comparative method (Steiner et al. 2010) or by applying fully automatized methods that take into account very limited or no linguistic knowledge, e.g. the Levenshtein approach. The Levenshtein method has been extensively used in dialectometry to measure the distances between various dialects (Kessler 1995; Heeringa 2004; Nerbonne 1996). It has also been frequently used to analyze the relatedness between languages, such as Indo-European (Serva and Petroni 2008; Blanchard et al. 2010), Austronesian (Petroni and Serva 2008), and a very large sample of 3002 languages (Holman 2010). In this paper we will examine the performance of the Levenshtein distance against n-gram models and a zipping approach by applying these methods to the same set of language data. The success of the Levenshtein method is typically evaluated by visu- ally inspecting and comparing the obtained genealogical divisions against already well-established groupings found in the linguistics literature. It has been shown that the Levenshtein method is successful in recovering main languages groups, which for example in the case of Indo-European language family, means that it is able to correctly classify languages into Germanic, Slavic or Romance groups.