In-Vitro Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Ativity of Methanolic Extract of Osbeckia Wynaadensis

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

In-Vitro Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Ativity of Methanolic Extract of Osbeckia Wynaadensis International Research Journal of Biological Sciences ___________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 1(4), 33-38, August (2012) I. Res. J. Biological Sci. In-vitro Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic ativity of Methanolic extract of Osbeckia wynaadensis Illath Sujina and Subban Ravi * Department of Chemistry, Karpagam University, Coimbatore-641 021, INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in Received 6th July 2012, revised 14 th July 2012, accepted 16 th July 2012 Abstract In- vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of methanolic extract of osbeckia wynaadensis was evaluated in the present study for the first time by disc diffusion method using five bacterial strains (S. pneumonia, B.cereus, A. hydrophila , V. cholera and MRSA) and five fungal strains (Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Streptomysis Greusis, M. purpureus and Aspergillus fumigate) respectively. The zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration were measured. Ampicillin (30 µg/disc) and clotrimazole (20 µg/disc) were used as standard for antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively. In- vitro cytotoxic activity of Osbeckia wynaadensis was evaluated against the human cervical adenocarcinoma cell line (HeLa) and murine embryonic fibroblasts cell line (NIH 3T3) by MTT assay and the IC 50 value found to be 220.3 µg/mL and 93. 25 µg/mL. It is concluded that Osbeckia wynaadensis exhibited significant antibacterial, antifungal & in-vitro cytotoxic activity. Key words: Osbeckia wynaadensis , in-virto cytotoxicity, MTT assay, antibacterial activity, antifungal activity. Introduction medicinal relevance with the recent years, infections have increased to a great extent and resistant against antibiotics, All over the world, people depended on the herbs for the becomes an ever increasing therapeutic problem 9. Natural treatment of various ailments before the advent of modern products of higher plants may give a new source of medicine. Medicinal plants constituents an arsenal of chemicals antimicrobial agents. There are many research groups that are that could be exploited by human to prevent microbial invasion. now engaged in medicinal plants research 10-13 . They have been a major source for drug development. Plant extracts and products are used in the treatment of bacterial, Osbeckia wynaadensis (Melastomatacea), a herb, is distributed 1 fungal and viral infection . Plants play a vital role in our lives wild in Western Ghats, along river banks. The genus Osbeckia more than animals mainly due to their extraordinary array of contains about 12 species. The whole plants of this genus are diverse class of biochemicals with a variety of biological used as traditional medicine with the function of heat-clearing 2 activities . Plants have been used for the treatment of disease all and detoxicating, hematischesis and astrigence. And those roots over the world before the advent of modern clinical drugs. are used to treat dysentery and gonorrhea 14 . Chemical Natural phytochemicals are known to contain substance that can constituents were reported from O.crinita, O.aspera, be used for therapeutic purposes or as precursor for the O.chinensis showed the presence of flavanoids 15-17 , organic synthesis of novel useful drugs. The natural products play an acids 18 and steroids19 . The biological activities of the Osbeckia important role in drug development in pharmaceutical industry. genus are given in the table-1. Antioxidant and Use of plant as a source of medicine has been inherited and is an immunomodulatory effects were investigated with O.aspera and 3 important component of the health care system . O.octandra was studied for its hepatoprotective activity. Further O.octandra , O.chinensis and O.nepalensis were showed to Plants have a long history of use in the treatment of cancer. exhibit antidiabetic activity. Altogether so far six species has Drug discovery from plants is a multi ‐disciplinary approach been investigated and all other species was yet to explore for which combines various botanical, ethno ‐botanicals, their phytoconstituents and biological activities. This promoted photochemicals and biological and chemical separation us to investigate the remaining osbeckia species for its activities 4 techniques . However, despite these observations, it is and phytoconstituents. To start with O.wynaadensis was significant that over 60% of currently used anti ‐cancer agents selected for our present work. It is a slender erect under shrub are derived from natural sources, including plants, marine with purple flowers in sub- terminal corymbs, large long- 5,6 organisms and micro ‐organisms . petioled leaves and very characteristic comb-like scales on the calyx-tube. Plant pacifies vitiated pitta, inflammation, urinary Aromatic and medicinal plants are known to produce certain tract infection, hemorrhage, menorrhagia, hemorrhoids and bioactive molecules which react with other organisms in the leucorrhea. Presence of this plant is an indication of pure environment, inhibiting bacterial or fungal growth 7,8 . The underground water. This plant is on the verge of extinction due antimicrobial activity have been screened because of their great to water pollution and manmade destructive-activities. International Science Congress Association 33 International Research Journal of Biological Sciences ________________________________________________ ISSN 2278-3202 Vol. 1(4), 33-38, August (2012) I. Res. J. Biological Sci. As far as our literature survey no work is reported on this plant. Antifungal screening: The inoculums for the experiment were The present work is to evaluate the antibacterial, antifungal and prepared in fresh sabouraud’s broth from preserved slant cytotoxic activity of the methanolic extract of O.wynaadensis. culture. The inoculum was standardized by adjusting the turbidity of the culture to that of McFarland standards. The Material and Methods turbidity of the culture may be adjusted by the addition of sterile saline or broth (if excessive or by further incubationg to get Collection and identification of plants: The whole plant of required turbidity (Leonard Jarrett et.al.). Cotton wool swab on O.wynaadensis is collected during March-April 2009, from wooden applicator or plastics were prepared and sterilized by Wayanad, Kerala, India. The plant was authetificated from BSI, autoclaving or dry heat (only for wooden swabs) by packing the Coimbatore and the specimen no is BSI/SRC/5/23/2010-11/Tec- swabs in culture tubes, papers or tins etc. The standardized 2098. inoculums is inoculated in the plates prepared earlier (aseptically) by dipping a sterile in the inoculums removing the Preparation of extract: The collected plants were washed with excess of inoculums by passing by pressing and rotating the water and dried in shade. The air dried plant is powdered and swab firmly against the side of the culture tube above the level 1.5 kg of this powdered material was soaked in 70% methanol of the liquid and finally streaking the swab all over the surface for 72 hours and the extract was collected and concentrated to of the medium 3 times rotating the plate through an angle of 60º yield a residue (50 mg). after each application. Finally pass the swab round the edge of the agar surface. Leave the inoculums to dry at room Microorganisms: The following bacterial strains were temperature with the lid closed. employed in the screening: Gram positive Streptococcus pneumonia and Bacillus cerus and the Gram negative Each Petri dish is divided into 2 parts, in 2 parts extract discs Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio cholera and Methicilin- such as osw (250mcg) discs, (discs are soaked overnight in resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In the antifungal extract solution) and one quadrant for Std clotrimazole 10mcg, screening the following fungi were tested: Candida albicans, are placed in each quadrant with the help of sterile forceps. Aspergillus niger, Streptomysis Greusis (mm), M.purpureus, Then Petri dishes are placed in the refrigerator at 4ºC or at room Aspergillus fumigate . temperature for 1 hour for diffusion. Incubate at room temperature for 24 - 48 hours. Observe the zone of inhibition Antibacterial screening: Disc diffusion method: The bacterial produced by different Antibiotics. Measure it using a scale or strains ( Streptococcus sp. , B.cereus, A. hydrophila V. cholerae divider or venire calipers and record the average of two were inoculated in the nutrient broth under aspectic condition diameters of each zone of inhibition. 0 and incubated at 37 C for 18 hours. After the incubation period, the test bacterial was swabbed on the nutrient agar plate using Cytotoxic Activity: The human cervical adenocarcinoma cell sterile cotton swab. In each of these plates, wells (10 mm) were line (HeLa) and murine embryonic fibroblasts cell line (NIH cutout using sterile cork borer. The methanol extract was 3T3) were obtained from National Centre for Cell Science dissolved in the solvent. Controls were maintained by loading (NCCS), Pune. HeLa was grown in Eagles Minimum Essential same quantity of Ampicillin into the wells. Then the petri dishes Medium (EMEM) and NIH 3T3 was grown in Dulbeccos 0 were incubated at 37 C for 14 hours. The anti microbial activity Modified Eagles Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% was evaluated by measuring the zone of inhibition in diameter. fetal bovine serum (FBS). All cells were maintained at 37 0 C, The zone of inhibition in diameter was observed and recorded in 5% CO2, 95% air and 100% relative humidity. Maintenance millimeter. The same
Recommended publications
  • Phylogeny and Classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae
    Nord. J. Bot. - Section of tropical taxonomy Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecy laceae Susanne S. Renner Renner, S. S. 1993. Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecy- laceae. - Nord. J. Bot. 13: 519-540. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107-055X. A systematic analysis of the Melastomataceae, a pantropical family of about 4200- 4500 species in c. 166 genera, and their traditional allies, the Memecylaceae, with c. 430 species in six genera, suggests a phylogeny in which there are two major lineages in the Melastomataceae and a clearly distinct Memecylaceae. Melastomataceae have close affinities with Crypteroniaceae and Lythraceae, while Memecylaceae seem closer to Myrtaceae, all of which were considered as possible outgroups, but sister group relationships in this plexus could not be resolved. Based on an analysis of all morph- ological and anatomical characters useful for higher level grouping in the Melastoma- taceae and Memecylaceae a cladistic analysis of the evolutionary relationships of the tribes of the Melastomataceae was performed, employing part of the ingroup as outgroup. Using 7 of the 21 characters scored for all genera, the maximum parsimony program PAUP in an exhaustive search found four 8-step trees with a consistency index of 0.86. Because of the limited number of characters used and the uncertain monophyly of some of the tribes, however, all presented phylogenetic hypotheses are weak. A synapomorphy of the Memecylaceae is the presence of a dorsal terpenoid-producing connective gland, a synapomorphy of the Melastomataceae is the perfectly acrodro- mous leaf venation. Within the Melastomataceae, a basal monophyletic group consists of the Kibessioideae (Prernandra) characterized by fiber tracheids, radially and axially included phloem, and median-parietal placentation (placentas along the mid-veins of the locule walls).
    [Show full text]
  • MELASTOMATACEAE 野牡丹科 Ye Mu Dan Ke Chen Jie (陈介 Chen Cheih)1; Susanne S
    MELASTOMATACEAE 野牡丹科 ye mu dan ke Chen Jie (陈介 Chen Cheih)1; Susanne S. Renner2 Herbs, shrubs, or trees (to 20 m tall), erect, climbing, or rarely epiphytic. Stipules lacking. Leaves simple, commonly opposite and decussate with one of a pair slightly smaller than other, rarely verticillate or alternate by abortion of one of a pair, usually 1–4(or 5) secondary veins on each side of midvein, originating at or near base and anastomosing apically, tertiary veins numerous, parallel, and connecting secondary veins and midvein but in Memecylon secondary veins pinnate and tertiary veins reticulate. Inflorescences cymose, umbellate, corymbose, in paniculate clusters, or a cincinnus, rarely flowers single, fascicled, or born on a spike; bracts sometimes conspicuous and persistent. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic but androecium often slightly zygomorphic, usually (3 or)4- or 5(or 6)-merous, perianth biseriate, perigynous; bracteoles opposite, usually caducous. Hypanthium funnel-shaped, campanulate, cyathiform, or urceolate. Calyx lobes (3–)5(or 6), valvate (rarely connate, but not in Chinese species). Petals (3–)5(or 6), equal to number of sepals, distinct, imbricate. Stamens usually twice as many as petals and in 2 whorls, rarely as many as petals by loss of 1 whorl, isomorphic or dimorphic; filaments distinct, often geniculate, inflexed in bud; anthers typically 2-celled, introrse, basifixed, dehiscent by 1 or 2 apical pores or by short longitudinal slits (Astronia, Memecylon); connective often variously appendaged. Pistil and style 1; stigma minute, capitate or truncate. Ovary commonly inferior or semi-inferior, locules usually (3 or)4 or 5(or 6) with numerous anatropous ovules, rarely 1-loculed and ovules ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Traditional Phytotherapy of Some Medicinal Plants Used by Tharu and Magar Communities of Western Nepal, Against Dermatological D
    TRADITIONAL PHYTOTHERAPY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY THARU AND MAGAR COMMUNITIES OF WESTERN NEPAL, AGAINST DERMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS Anant Gopal Singh* and Jaya Prakash Hamal** *'HSDUWPHQWRI%RWDQ\%XWZDO0XOWLSOH&DPSXV%XWZDO7ULEKXYDQ8QLYHUVLW\1HSDO ** 'HSDUWPHQWRI%RWDQ\$PULW6FLHQFH&DPSXV7ULEKXYDQ8QLYHUVLW\.DWKPDQGX1HSDO Abstract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¿HOGWULSV$WRWDORISODQWVSHFLHVRIIDPLOLHVDUHGRFXPHQWHGLQ WKLVVWXG\7KHPHGLFLQDOSODQWVXVHGLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIVNLQGLVHDVHVE\WULEDO¶VDUHOLVWHGZLWKERWDQLFDOQDPH LQ ELQRPLDOIRUP IDPLO\ORFDOQDPHVKDELWDYDLODELOLW\SDUWVXVHGDQGPRGHRISUHSDUDWLRQ7KLVVWXG\VKRZHGWKDW PDQ\SHRSOHLQWKHVWXGLHGSDUWVRI5XSDQGHKLGLVWULFWFRQWLQXHWRGHSHQGRQWKHPHGLFLQDOSODQWVDWOHDVWIRUWKH WUHDWPHQWRISULPDU\KHDOWKFDUH Keywords 7KDUX DQG 0DJDU WULEHV7UDGLWLRQDO NQRZOHGJH 'HUPDWRORJLFDO GLVRUGHUV 0HGLFLQDO SODQWV:HVWHUQ 1HSDO INTRODUCTION fast disappearing due to modernization and the tendency to discard their traditional life style and gradual 7KH NQRZOHGJH
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Phylogenetics of Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae: Implications for Character Evolution1
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Open Access LMU American Journal of Botany 88(3): 486±498. 2001. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS OF MELASTOMATACEAE AND MEMECYLACEAE: IMPLICATIONS FOR CHARACTER EVOLUTION1 G. CLAUSING2,4 AND S. S. RENNER3,4 2Institut fuÈr Spezielle Botanik, UniversitaÈt Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany; 3Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Rd., St. Louis, Missouri 63121 USA; and The Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 63166 USA Melastomataceae are among the most abundant and diversi®ed groups of plants throughout the tropics, but their intrafamily rela- tionships and morphological evolution are poorly understood. Here we report the results of parsimony and maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of cpDNA sequences from the rbcL and ndhF genes and the rpl16 intron, generated for eight outgroups (Crypteroniaceae, Alzateaceae, Rhynchocalycaceae, Oliniaceae, Penaeaceae, Myrtaceae, and Onagraceae) and 54 species of melastomes. The sample represents 42 of the family's currently recognized ;150 genera, the 13 traditional tribes, and the three subfamilies, Astronioideae, Melastomatoideae, and Memecyloideae (5 Memecylaceae DC.). Parsimony and ML yield congruent topologies that place Memecy- laceae as sister to Melastomataceae. Pternandra, a Southeast Asian genus of 15 species of which ®ve were sampled, is the ®rst- branching Melastomataceae. This placement has low bootstrap support (72%), but agrees with morphological treatments that placed Pternandra in Melastomatacaeae because of its acrodromal leaf venation, usually ranked as a tribe or subfamily. The interxylary phloem islands found in Memecylaceae and Pternandra, but not most other Melastomataceae, likely evolved in parallel because Pternandra resembles Melastomataceae in its other wood characters.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethnobotanical Observations in the Mornaula Reserve Forest Of
    Ethnobotanical Leaflets 14: 193-217, 2010. Shreekar Pant* and S.S. Samant Centre for Biodiversity Studies, School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri-185 131, J&K; and G.B. Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development, Himachal Unit, Mohal-Kullu- 175 126, Himachal Pradesh, India * Corresponding author E-mail: [email protected] Issued: February 01, 2010 Abstract A field trip was undertaken in the Mornaula Reserve Forest of Kumaun, West Himalaya, India. A collection of plants was made from this reserve forest at an altitude ranging from 1500-2200m amsl. Local people were contacted for the local names and uses of plants growing there. They are used as medicine, edible, fuel, fodder, timber, fiber, making agricultural implements and religious ceremonies. Key words: Ethnobotany, Mornaula Reserve Forest, Indigenous Knowledge, Utilization Pattern. Introduction India is one of the leading countries in Asia in terms of the wealth of traditional knowledge systems related to the use of plant species and blessed with rich and diverse heritage of cultural traditions. The diverse natural habitats all over the Himalayan Region are rich repositories of plant diversity that are used for a variety of purposes i.e., food, fiber, fodder, medicine, spices, dyes, making agriculture implements etc. A large number of plants from the wild/cultivated are widely used in traditional systems of medicine and a few of them having trade values. More than 43% of the total flowering plants are reported to be of medicinal importance (Pushpangadan, 1995) and a large number of them are used in Ayurveda, Homeopathy and Unani systems of medicine.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Suitability Assessment for Tiger in Trijuga Forest, East Nepal
    A final report on Habitat Suitability Assessment for Tiger in Trijuga Forest, East Nepal Submitted by Himalayan Nature Kathmandu, Nepal Submitted to WildCats Conservation Alliance C/o ZSL Zoological Society of London Regents Park London-NW1 4RY December, 2018 1 Study Team Members: 1) Prof. Karan Bahadur Shah – Biologist and Team Leader 2) Mr. Kul Bahadur Thapa – Biologist (Zoologist) 3) Mr. Hem Raj Paudel – Biologist (Botanist) 4) Mr. Hari Basnet – GIS and Data Analyst 5) Mr. Bivek Gautam – Biologist and Social Surveyor 2 Acronyms and Abbreviations AIC: Akaike Information Criteria ASCII: American Standard Code for Information Interchange CFs: Community Forests CFUGs: Community Forest User's Group CIB: Crime Investigation Bureau CITES: Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CR: Critically Endangered DD: Data Deficient DFO: District Forest Office/Officer EN: Endangered GIS: Geographic Information System GPS: Global Positioning System GTI: Global Tiger Initiative IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resource KTWR: Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve LC: Least Concern NPWC Act: National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Act NT: Near Threatened NTFPs: Non-Timber Forest Products PAs: Protected Areas Sp.: Species SSC: Species Survival Commission TAL: Terai Arc Landscape VU: Vulnerable i Acknowledgements We are grateful to WildCats Conservation Alliance (WCCA), UK for funding this project. We sincerely thank Mr. Sharad Singh-Director, Mr. Prabin Shrestha and Mr. Shashank Sharma-Project Officers and Ms. Srijana Maharjan-Account Officer of Himalayan Nature for their coordination and cooperation during the project period. Thanks are due to Nepal Government's Department of Forest, Babarmahal for providing the research permission; Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Babarmahal, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(7), 339-341
    ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 5(7), 339-341 Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/4724 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/4724 RESEARCH ARTICLE OSBECKIA WALKERI Arn. (MELASTOMATACEAE): A NEW RECORD FROM SOUTHERN WESTERN GHATS, INDIA. Amitha Bachan K.H1 and A. K. Pradeep2. 1. Research & PG Department of Botany, MES Asmabi College & Western Ghats Hornbill Foundation, Kodungallur, Thrissur, Kerala- 680671, India. 2. Department of Botany, University of Calicut, Calicut University P.O., Kerala-673635, India. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History Osbeckia walkeri Arn. (Melastomataceae) reported for the first time from India. The species was considered endemic to Sri Lanka and this Received: 4 May 2017 report from Parambikulam, Anamalai part of Southern Western Ghats, Final Accepted: 6 June 2017 Kerala, India extents its distribution to the Southern Western Ghats. Published: July 2017 This was collected during an exploration to study riparian and Key words:- streamside flora of the Chalakkudy River Basin within Anamalais. The Osbeckia walkerii, Melastomataceae, herbarium specimens were prepared and deposited at Calicut Southern Western Ghats, Parambikulam University Herbarium (CALI). Detailed description, illustration and relevant note on the species are provided. Copy Right, IJAR, 2017,. All rights reserved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:- The genus Osbeckia L. consists of ca. 100 species distributed in Tropical Africa to Australia (Mabberley 2008). Hooker (1879) described 26 species from the Indian subcontinent including 11 from South India, 6 from Sri Lanka and one species with distribution to South India and Sri Lanka. Gamble (1919) treated 20 species of Osbeckia from South India. Detailed description of 31 Asian species under the genus was provided by Hansen (1977).
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Purified Anthocyanin from Osbeckia Aspera (L.) Blume and Osbeckia Reticulata Bedd
    Online - 2455-3891 Vol 12, Issue 1, 2019 Print - 0974-2441 Research Article COMPARISON OF ANALGESIC AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF PURIFIED ANTHOCYANIN FROM OSBECKIA ASPERA (L.) BLUME AND OSBECKIA RETICULATA BEDD. USING ANIMAL MODELS BOSCO LAWARENCE, MURUGAN K* Department of Botany and Biotechnology, Government Arts College, Trivandrum - 695 014, Kerala, India. Email: [email protected] Received: 19 May 2018, Revised and Accepted: 01 September 2018 ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of the present work is to isolate, purify, and fractionate anthocyanin from selected Osbeckia species and also to compare the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potentiality using animal models. Methods: Methodologies include extraction of anthocyanin from the in vitro callus culture of Osbeckia aspera and Osbeckia reticulata, purification using amberlite column chromatography, and fractionation by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The analgesic activity was determined by tail immersion method, analgesy meter, hot plate, and acetic acid-induced writhing test. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in mice. Results: Anthocyanin-producing callus cultures were established in MS medium fortified with various combinations of phytohormones and sucrose. Optimal callus formation in O. aspera was initiated on cultures containing 0.5 mg/L of 2, 4-D, and 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BA). In O. reticulata callus was initiated in the presence of 1.2 mg/L BA and 1.4 mg/L naphthalene acetic acid. The same hormonal combination on extended treatments turned the white friable callus into red compact callus. Anthocyanins obtained from Osbeckia species were purified and fractionated containing malvidin-3-diglucoside, delphinidin, cyanidin aglycone, and peonidin.
    [Show full text]
  • Comprehensive Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Selected Osbeckia Species and Their in Vitro Culture, Purification and Fractionation
    Pharmacogn J. 2017; 9(5):674-682 A Multifaceted Journal in the field of Natural Products and Pharmacognosy Original Article www.phcogj.com | www.journalonweb.com/pj | www.phcog.net Comprehensive Evaluation of Antioxidant Potential of Selected Osbeckia species and their in vitro Culture, Purification and Fractionation Bosco Lawarence and Murugan K ABSTRACT Background: Health-benefit properties of natural pigments have been intensely studied, es- pecially the anthocyanins. In the last few decades, research on anthocyanins has attracted biologists by the increasing evidence of their health beneficial effects. Osbeckia, belongs to Melastomataceae and is well-known for colouring pigments and other bioactive compounds. In the present study, total anthocyanin and antioxidant capacity indicators were evaluated from 8 Osbeckia spp. and anthocyanin was extracted from in vitro cultures of O. aspera and O. reticulata. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant effect was studied using ABTS (2, 2’-azino-bis-3-ethyl benzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation decolourisation assay, the FRAP, the scavenging ability of hydroxyl radicals and the superoxide anion scavenging activity. Anthocyanin extracted from in vitro cultures were purified and fractionated using column chromatography and LC-MS MS analysis. Results: In vitro cultures of O. aspera was obtained in MS medium fortified with various combinations of Benzyl Adenine (BA), Naphtha- lene acetic acid (NAA) and 2, 4-D. The chromatograms of O. aspera revealed the presence of malvidin-3 -diglucoside, peonidin, delphinidin and cyanindin whereas O. reticulata cultures ac- cumulated large amounts of malvidin, cyanindin and cyanidin aglycone. The purified anthocya- nins of these species were evaluated for their antioxidant potential and was found more re- markable than the crude extracts.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementary of Molecules
    Supplementary Materials 1. Taxonomy of Melastomataceae Melastomataceae, the seventh largest family of flowering plants, belong to the order myrtales along with aristolochiaceae, combretaceae, crypteroniaceae, halorrhagidaceae, lythraceae, memecylaceae, myrtaceae, onagraceae and rhizophoraceae. Table S1. Summary of Melastomataceae taxonomy (Adapted from Renner, 1993 [2]). Subfamilies Tribes Astronieae (Triana, 1865) 4 Genera, 149 species Blackeeae (Hook,1867) 2 Genera, 162 species Microlicieae (Naudin, 1849) 11 Genera, 67 species Rhexieae (D.C 1828) 1 Genus, 13 species Melastomatoideae (Naudin 1849) Sonerileae (Triana, 1865) 40 Genera, 560–600 species Miconieae (D.C 1828) 38 Genera, 2200 species Merianieae (Triana, 1865) 16 Genera, 220 species Melastomeae (Osbeckeae, D.C 1828) 47 Genera, 850 species Kibesioideae(Naudin, 1849) Kibessieae (Krasser, 1893) Pternandra (15 spp.) Jussieu (1789) first recognized the melastomataceae as a natural unit; however, David Don (1823) was who put structure into the family. Triana, a Colombian native with extensive knowledge in the field, published his system in 1865 and slightly modified it in 1871. Triana’s system grouped the melastomataceae in three subfamilies, melastomatoideae, astronioideae and memecyloideae; which include thirteen tribes. Owing to the size of this family, the internal classification has been reviewed several times. A recent systematic analysis of melastomataceous plants re-structured and placed them into two subfamilies, kibesioideae and melastomatoideae, which contains only nine
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of the Beneficial Effects of Osbeckia Octandra and Osbeckia Aspera in Liver Dysfunction in Rats M
    http://doi.org/10.4038/cjms.v42i1.4882 A comparative study of the beneficial effects of Osbeckia octandra and Osbeckia aspera in liver dysfunction in rats M. I. Thabrew1 and K. A. P. W. Jayatilaka2 The Ceylon journal of Medical Science 1999; 42:1-6 Summary AST and alkaline phosphatase activities were still 162%, 76.5% and 90.1% respectively, higher than A study was conducted to compare the protec­ the corresponding values in control animals. In- tive effects of aqueous extracts of Osbeckia octandra the O.octandra and O.aspera post-treated groups, and Osbeckia aspera against carbon tetrachloride the corresponding increases in the activities of (CC14)- mediated liver damage in Sprague Dawley ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase respectively, rats by assessing their ability to protect livers were only 53.8% and 35.5% for ALT, 39.2% and against the toxin-mediated alterations in the liver 41.6% for AST and 29% and 18.6% for alkaline histopathology and the serum levels of alanine phosphatase. In both the pre-treatment and the aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotrans­ post-treatment experiments it was also observed ferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase. that, the CC14-mediated alterations in liver histo­ pathology could be prevented to a similar extent Within 24 h of administering a sub-lethal dose (0.2 by both plant extracts. The overall results indi­ ml/100 g, i.p.) of CC14 to rats, the" ALT, AST and cate that aqueous extracts of the leaves of both alkaline phosphatase activities were found to be O.octandra and O.aspera possess very similar 380.8%, 101.4% and 222.2% higher respectively, hepatoprotective abilities, thus rationalizing the than the corresponding base values in control use of both these plants in traditional medicine animals untreated with the toxin.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Biogeography of Loranthaceae (Santalales): Diversification Agrees T with Emergence of Tropical Forests and Radiation of Songbirds
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 124 (2018) 199–212 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Historical biogeography of Loranthaceae (Santalales): Diversification agrees T with emergence of tropical forests and radiation of songbirds Bing Liua,b,1, Chi Toan Lea,b,c,d,1, Russell L. Barrette,f, Daniel L. Nickrentg, Zhiduan Chena,b, ⁎ ⁎ Limin Lua,b, , Romina Vidal-Russellh, a State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China b Sino-Africa Joint Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China c University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China d Hanoi Pedagogical University No. 2, 32 Nguyen Van Linh, Xuanhoa, Phucyen, Vinhphuc, Viet Nam e National Herbarium of New South Wales, Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust, Sydney, Mrs Macquaries Road, Sydney 2000, New South Wales, Australia f Australian National Herbarium, Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research, GPO Box 1700, Canberra 2601, Australian Capital Territory, Australia g Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901-6509 USA h Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (CONICET-Universidad Nacional del Comahue), Quintral 1250 (8400), Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Coadaptation between mistletoes and birds captured the attention of Charles Darwin over 150 years ago, sti- Divergence time mulating considerable scientific research. Here we used Loranthaceae, a speciose and ecologically important Eocene mistletoe family, to obtain new insights into the interrelationships among its hosts and dispersers. Phylogenetic Gondwana analyses of Loranthaceae were based on a dataset of nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences.
    [Show full text]