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Traditional Phytotherapy of Some Medicinal Plants Used by Tharu and Magar Communities of Western Nepal, Against Dermatological D

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Traditional Phytotherapy of Some Medicinal Plants Used by Tharu and Magar Communities of Western Nepal, Against Dermatological D TRADITIONAL PHYTOTHERAPY OF SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS USED BY THARU AND MAGAR COMMUNITIES OF WESTERN NEPAL, AGAINST DERMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS Anant Gopal Singh* and Jaya Prakash Hamal** *'HSDUWPHQWRI%RWDQ\%XWZDO0XOWLSOH&DPSXV%XWZDO7ULEKXYDQ8QLYHUVLW\1HSDO ** 'HSDUWPHQWRI%RWDQ\$PULW6FLHQFH&DPSXV7ULEKXYDQ8QLYHUVLW\.DWKPDQGX1HSDO Abstract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¿HOGWULSV$WRWDORISODQWVSHFLHVRIIDPLOLHVDUHGRFXPHQWHGLQ WKLVVWXG\7KHPHGLFLQDOSODQWVXVHGLQWKHWUHDWPHQWRIVNLQGLVHDVHVE\WULEDO¶VDUHOLVWHGZLWKERWDQLFDOQDPH LQ ELQRPLDOIRUP IDPLO\ORFDOQDPHVKDELWDYDLODELOLW\SDUWVXVHGDQGPRGHRISUHSDUDWLRQ7KLVVWXG\VKRZHGWKDW PDQ\SHRSOHLQWKHVWXGLHGSDUWVRI5XSDQGHKLGLVWULFWFRQWLQXHWRGHSHQGRQWKHPHGLFLQDOSODQWVDWOHDVWIRUWKH WUHDWPHQWRISULPDU\KHDOWKFDUH Keywords 7KDUX DQG 0DJDU WULEHV7UDGLWLRQDO NQRZOHGJH 'HUPDWRORJLFDO GLVRUGHUV 0HGLFLQDO SODQWV:HVWHUQ 1HSDO INTRODUCTION fast disappearing due to modernization and the tendency to discard their traditional life style and gradual 7KH NQRZOHGJH RI PHGLFLQDO SODQWV KDV EHHQ PLJUDWLRQWRWKHPDLQVWUHDP7KHUHLVDQXUJHQWQHHG accumulates in the course of many centuries based on WR VWXG\ DQG GRFXPHQW WKH SUHFLRXV NQRZOHGJH IRU GLIIHUHQW PHGLFLQDO V\VWHPV VXFK DV$\XUYHGD 8QDQL SRVWHULW\$FFRUGLQJWR:RUOG+HDOWK2UJDQL]DWLRQPRUH DQG6LGGKD,Q1HSDOLWLVUHSRUWHGWKDWWUDGLWLRQDOKHDOHUV WKDQRIWKHZRUOG¶VSRSXODWLRQUHOLHVRQWUDGLWLRQDO XVHSODQWVSHFLHVRIPHGLFLQH %DUDODQG.XUPL KHUEDO PHGLFLQH IRU WKHLU SULPDU\ KHDOWKFDUH ,Q YLHZ 'XULQJWKHODVWIHZGHFDGHVWKHUHKDVEHHQDQ RI H[SORLWDWLRQ DQG FRQVHUYDWLRQ RI IRON NQRZOHGJH increasing interest in the study of medicinal plants and an attempt has been made to study the ethnobotanical WKHLUWUDGLWLRQDOXVHLQGLIIHUHQWSDUWVRIWKHZRUOG /HY DVSHFWVIURPWKH5XSDQGHKLGLVWULFWLQZHVWHUQ1HSDO 'RFXPHQWLQJWKHLQGLJHQRXVNQRZOHGJHWKURXJK ethnobotanical studies is important for the conservation Aim of the present study is to highlight the traditional DQGXWLOL]DWLRQRIELRORJLFDOUHVRXUFHV XVHVRIVRPHPHGLFLQDOSODQWVLQZHVWHUQ1HSDOIRUWKH WUHDWPHQW RI VNLQ GLVHDVHV 7R GRFXPHQW WKH QDWXUDO In traditional systems, the plants have been used in resources, use pattern of the study area and indigenous successful management of various disease conditions NQRZOHGJH DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK WKHP 7R HQFRXUDJH WKH OLNHUHVSLUDWRU\WUDFWLQIHFWLRQJDVWURLQWHVWLQDOSUREOHPV local communities especially the younger generation to dermatological disorders, and in the treatment of hepatic propagate and protect the medicinal plant wealth in the DQGFDUGLRYDVFXODUGLVRUGHUV 6HQ VWXG\DUHD 7KH NQRZOHGJH RI WULEDO KDV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK WKH 6NLQ GLVHDVHV DUH RI FRPPRQ RFFXUUHQFH DPRQJ traditional healing practices, using wild plants, is now the rural masses due to poor hygienic conditions, poor Author for correspondences: $QDQW*RSDO6LQJK'HSDUWPHQWRI%RWDQ\%XWZDO0XOWLSOH&DPSXV%XWZDO7ULEKXYDQ8QLYHUVLW\1HSDO(PDLO : DJVLQJK#UHGLIIPDLO FRP 81 Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 VDQLWDWLRQIDFLOLW\DQGFRQWDPLQDWHGZDWHU7UDGLWLRQDO herbal medicines used by different communities play an LPSRUWDQW UROH LQ DOOHYLDWLQJ VXFK VNLQ GLVHDVHV 7KH\ are safe, effective, and inexpensive and in many cases, WKHRQO\PHWKRGRIPHGLFDWLRQ MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Area 5XSDQGHKL LV ERWDQLFDOO\ ULFK GLVWULFW LQ ZHVWHUQ 1HSDO ZKLFK LV VLWXDWHG LQ EHWZHHQ ¶´ WR 83 ¶´ ( ORQJLWXGHV DQG ¶´ WR ¶´ 1 ODWLWXGHV DQG FRYHUV DQ DUHD RI NP 2 ''& 5XSDQGHKL 7KH GLVWULFW LV ERXQGHG E\ Figure 1: Map of Nepal showing Rupandehi district with study KLOO\ GLVWULFWV 3DOSD DQG$UJKDNKDQFKL LQ 1RUWK E\ areas with labeling 0DKUDMJDQMGLVWULFWRI8WWDU3UDGHVK ,QGLD LQ6RXWKE\ 3KDUVDWLNDU 3 $PXZD DQG 'HYGDKD RI WKH GLVWULFW 1DZDOSDUDVLGLVWULFWLQ(DVWDQGE\.DSLOYDVWXGLVWULFW GXULQJ0DUFKWR0D\'XULQJWKHFRXUVHRI LQ :HVW )LJXUH 5XSDQGHKL GLVWULFW KDV D KXPLG WKHVWXG\WKUHH¿HOGWULSVZHUHFDUULHGRXWLQWKHVWXG\ WURSLFDOFOLPDWHZLWKPD[LPXPWHPSHUDWXUHEH\RQG DUHD0HWKRGRIVHOHFWLQJLQIRUPDQWVGHSHQGVXSRQWKH C during &GXULQJVXPPHU 0D\-XQH DQGEHORZ GLVWULEXWLRQ RI ORFDO SHRSOH KDYLQJ IRON NQRZOHGJH ZLQWHU 'HFHPEHU-DQXDU\ DQGDQQXDOUDLQIDOOLVDERXW They were requested to collect specimens of the plants PP *HRJUDSKLFDOO\ LW LV GLYLGHG LQWR &KXUH WKH\NQRZRUWRVKRZWKHSODQWVSHFLHVRQVLWH7KHVH UHJLRQ %KDEDUUHJLRQ DQG7HUDLUHJLRQ informants were traditional healers themselves or had 7KHFOLPDWLFFRQGLWLRQRIWKHGLVWULFWLVWURSLFDO WUDGLWLRQRIKHDOLQJLQWKHLUIDPLOLHVDQGKDGNQRZOHGJH type and Sal ( Shorea robusta ) forest is dominated RIWKHPHGLFLQDOXVHRISODQWV7KHZHDOWKRIPHGLFLQDO DORQJ ZLWK RWKHU 7KH WRWDO SRSXODWLRQ RI WKH GLVWULFW SODQW NQRZOHGJH DPRQJ WKH 7KDUX DQG 0DJDUV RI ZDV &%6 7KH7KDUXDQG0DJDUDUH WKLVGLVWULFWLVEDVHGRQEHOLHIVDQGREVHUYDWLRQV7KLV WKH HWKQLF VRFLHWLHV RI WKH VWXG\ DUHD 7KH\ OLYH LQ NQRZOHGJHKDVEHHQWUDQVPLWWHGRUDOO\IURPJHQHUDWLRQ DVVRFLDWLRQ ZLWK &KKHWUL 7KDNXUL %UDKPLQ *XUXQJ to generation, however it seems that it is vanishing from 'DPDL<DGDY.DPL.XUPL7HOL0DMKLDQGRWKHUV,Q the modern society since younger people of Tharu and GLIIHUHQWYLOODJHV0DJDUDQG7KDUXFRPPXQLWLHVOLYLQJ 0DJDUVFRPPXQLWLHVDUHQRWLQWHUHVWHGWRFDUU\RQWKLV together in northern side but in southern foot hills of the WUDGLWLRQ Himalayas Tharu community dominated on other casts ZKLOH0DJDUFRPPXQLW\SUHIHUV1RUWKHUQVLGHRI,QGR %DVHG RQ ODQJXDJH FXVWRPV DQG JHRJUDSKLFDO 1HSDOERUGHUIRUVHWWOHPHQW GLVWULEXWLRQV WKH 0DJDUV DUH GLYLGHG LQWR %DUKD 0DJDUDQW 0DJDU $WKD 0DJDUDQW 0DJDU +LJK 7KH 7KDUX DQG 0DJDU FRPPXQLWLHV RI WKH VWXG\ DUHD PRXQWDLQ 0DJDU &KKDQW\DO DQG RWKHU 0DJDUV prefer traditional medicinal practice to the modern 0DQDQGKDU +RZHYHUWKHVHJURXSVGRQRWGLIIHU PHGLFLQDO V\VWHP EHFDXVH WKH\ NQRZ PRUH DERXW WKH LQWKHLURULJLQDOWUDGLWLRQVDQGRWKHUVRFLDODIIDLUV*LYHQ medicinal plants which are easily available in their WKH IDFW WKDW 0DJDUV DUH WKH VXEVLVWHQFH IDUPHUV WKH\ locally area and herbal formulations are comparatively LQWHUDFWZLWKWKHLUHQYLURQPHQWVHNLQJRXWWKHLUOLYLQJ FKHDSHUDQGIUHHIURPWKHVLGHHIIHFWV7KH7KDUXDQG while managing, protecting, and utilizing the natural 0DJDUFRPPXQLWLHVRIWKHVWXG\DUHDDUHQRWH[FHSWLRQ resources in their respective environments, both men to the present stream of modernization and traditional DQGZRPHQXVHWKHLURZQOHYHORINQRZOHGJHDVWKH\ medicinal practice seems to be disappearing among the KDYHOHDUQHGLQWKHLUFRPPXQLWLHV HWKQLF FRPPXQLWLHV RI WKH VWXG\ DUHD $V LQGLJHQRXV NQRZOHGJHRQXVDJHVRIPHGLFLQDOSODQWVLVWUDQVPLWWHG The Tharus are famous for their ability to survive without any systematic process, and younger generations in the moist terai region, which is deadly to outsiders of the communities are not interested in traditional GXH WR PDODULD ,Q D %ULWLVK REVHUYHU QRWHG KHDOLQJ V\VWHP EHFDXVH LW KDV QRYHU\ OLWWOH VFRSH IRU ³5HVLGHQFHVRISODLQDQGKLOOJHQHUDOO\GLHLIWKH\VOHHS PRQH\VRWKH\HQJDJHWKHPVHOYHVLQRWKHURFFXSDWLRQV LQDQRSHQDUHDLQWKHWHUDLEHWZHHQ-XQHWR1RYHPEHU where as Tharu community was totally immune against Local traditional healers PDODULD *XQHUDQWQQH$ 7KH\ DUH IDUPHU E\ occupation and cultivate rice, pulse, wheat, oil seeds, /RFDO WUDGLWLRQDO KHDOHUV VXFK DV 7KDUXV DQG 0DJDUV corn and lentils but also collect forest product such as KDYLQJ SUDFWLFDO NQRZOHGJH RI SODQWV LQ PHGLFLQH wild fruits, vegetables, medicinal plants and material to ZHUHLQWHUYLHZHGLQYLOODJHV 6DOMKDQGL'XGKUDNVK EXLOGWKHLUKRXVHVKXQWZLOGDQLPDOV¿VKHVDQGVQDLOV 5XGUDSXU3DUURKD6HPODU0RWLSXU0DQSDNDGL6RX Scientic World, Vol. 11, No. 11, July 2013 82 Generally Tharu tribes use varieties of wild plants in LVXVHGDIWHUKDYHEHHQ¿OWHUHG traditional ways for their daily requirements as well as SULPDU\KHDOWKFDUH ¾ A decoction is obtained by boiling the plants or SODQWSDUWVLQZDWHU Interview with traditional healers ¾ A paste is made by crushing small plant parts with $GRSWLQJWKHPHWKRGVRI0DUWLQ HWKQRPHGLFLQDO ZDWHUDQGPDNLQJWKLVLQWRDVRIWPDVV data were collected through general conservation ZLWK WKH LQIRUPDQWV 7KH TXHVWLRQQDLUHV ZHUH XVHG WR ¾ $QLQIXVLRQLVSUHSDUHGE\VRDNLQJWKHFOHDQHG have information on medicinal plants with their local plant or plant parts in water for a few hours or names, habit, wild or cultivated, availability, parts used, GD\VDIWHUZDUGVLWLV¿OWHUHGDQGXVHG PRGHRISUHSDUDWLRQDQGXVH$WRWDORILQIRUPDQWV A list of medicinal plants with binomial, family, ZHUH LGHQWL¿HG EHWZHHQ WKH DJHV RI WR 7KH\ ¾ ORFDOQDPHXVHIXOSDUWVKDELWZLOGFXOWLYDWHGDQG ZHUH VHOHFWHG EDVHG RQ WKHLU NQRZOHGJH RI PHGLFLQDO PHGLFLQDOXVHVLVSURYLGHGEHORZLQWDEOH SODQWVHLWKHUIRUVHOIPHGLFDWLRQRUIRUWUHDWLQJRWKHUV ,QIRUPDQWVZHUHDVNHGDQGUHTXHVWHGWRFRPHWR¿HOG DISCUSSION with us and show the plants with local name, the species mentioned by the informants were taxonomically The recorded ethnomedicinal plants were used in the LGHQWL¿HG WUHDWPHQW RI YDULRXV VNLQ GLVHDVHV VXFK DV FXWV DQG Preservation of plant specimens wounds, eczema, boils, burns, abscesses, scabies, dog, and insect bites, ringworm, septic ulcers, The collected plant specimens were brought to the DOOHUJ\ SLPSOHV OHXFRGHUPD SULFNO\ KHDW ZDUWV DQG laboratory and processed for herbarium preparation LQÀDPPDWLRQV 0DMRULW\ RI SODQW VSHFLHV GHVFULEHG LQ IROORZLQJ 5DR DQG
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