Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-84574-8 — Georg Simmel and German Culture Efraim Podoksik Index More Information

Index

a priori, 17, 120, 125–126, 129, 130–131, 132, 133, 189, Bach, Johann Sebastian, 267 293, 294 Bachofen, Johann Jakob, 204 absolute, 11, 51, 61, 92, 158, 186, 187, 240, 254, 263, Baroque, 97, 247, 264 275, 276, 278–279, 289–290, 291–292 Barth, Paul, 73, 74 absolute spirit. See spirit beauty, 47, 54, 55, 56, 111, 141, 142, 150, 161–162, absolute versus relative, 210, 212–213, 237–238, 165–166, 168, 170, 171–173, 177, 189, 196, 208, 262, 268, 273, 291 209, 210, 219, 222, 226, 237, 239, 240, 247, aestheticism, 81, 85, 169, 172, 173, 177, 208, 209, 254, See also art; aesthetics 219, 238, 240, 250, 252, 287, See also Becker, Willy, 246 aesthetics Beethoven, Ludwig van, 223, 263 aesthetics, 10, 17, 25, 44, 47, 53, 55, 60, 61, 75, 101, Bergson, Henri, 148 118, 141–142, 158, 161–173, 184, 190, 209, 214, Berlin Trade Exhibition, 163 220, 222–223, 233, 234–236, 245, 248, 249, Berlin Women’s Congress, 194 259, 271, 287, See also aestheticism; art; Bernstein, Eduard, 136 beauty Beruf, 17, 18, 21, 26, 33–34, 35, 37, 42–45, 50, 57, 61, alienation, 13, 82, 85, 86, 120, 147, 156, 168, 208, 62, 63, 64–65, 66, 67, 111, 121, 152, 243–244, 266, 272 See also vocation; professionalisation Alps, 95–96 Bielschowsky, Albert, 216 America, 28, 29–31, 73, 270, 290 Bildung, 21, 22, 33–67, 70–71, 72, 74–75, 78, 79, Americanisation, 271, 286 95–96, 98, 110–111, 113, 115, 121, 135, 145, 152, Andreas-Salomé, Lou, 180, 181, 182, 205 156, 165, 167, 168, 179, 186, 195, 203, 215, anthropology, 69, 70, 102, 110, 111, 216–217, 218, 220, 242, 244, 280, 282, 287, 199, 204 294, See also cultivation Anti-Semitism, 8, 22, 243, 287 Bildungsbürgertum, 220 Arendt, Hannah, 61 Bismarck, Otto von, 21, 26, 153 Aristotle, 57, 58, 125, 225 Blütezeit, 36, 115 Arnim, Bettina von, 216 Böcklin, Arnold, 163–164, 248, 250, 251–252 Arnim, Gisela von, 216 Bode, Wilhelm, 246 Arnold, Matthew, 28–29, 56 Boeckh, August, 51 art, 18, 20, 22, 23, 25, 37, 45, 50, 58, 69, 72, 80, 82, Bölsche, Wilhelm, 203 83, 91, 99, 100, 101, 141, 145, 153, 161–173, 175, Bonald, Louis de, 104 177–178, 181, 189, 190, 191, 200, 208, 211, 216, Bosanquet, Bernard, 54 219, 222, 223, 224, 226, 229, 231, 233, Bradley, F.H., 54 234–235, 239–240, 245–268, 274, 281, 284, Brasch, Moritz, 224 285, 288, See also aesthetics; beauty Breysig, Kurt, 26 Attila, 288 Britain, 5, 27–29, 54, 56, 65, 103, 104, Aufklärung. See Enlightenment 196, 269 avant-garde, 153, 168, 191, 194, British Idealism. See Idealism 285, 286 Buber, Martin, 8, 174, 187 Avenarius, Ferdinand, 72 Burckhardt, Jacob, 20, 201, 247 Avenarius, Richard, 128 Burdach, Konrad, 236

329

330 Index

Busche, Hubertus, 68–69, 82 dependence, 184–185 Byron, Lord, 290 Deutscher Künstlerbund, 168 Deutungsmuster, 68 Calvinism, 59 Dewey, John, 30–31 capitalism, 193 Diederichs, Eugen, 286 Carlyle, Thomas, 28, 220 differentiation, 13, 17, 18, 21, 25, 34, 51, 63, Carus, Carl Gustav, 216, 229 67, 83, 88, 97, 103, 105, 107, 108, 111, 112–115, Cassirer, Ernst, 81–82, 136 117, 165, 166, 173, 179, 181, 187–188, 189, Catholicism, 104, 183, 218 199–204, 205, 206, 208, 210, 219, 224, 239, Cellini, Benvenuto, 19 252, 258, 294 Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 242, 243 dignity, 170 character, 17, 55, 56, 94, 171 Dilthey, Wilhelm, 3, 12, 144, 227, 228–229, 231 national character, 92, 109 diversity. See variety; unity in [versus, above] Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 60, 61 variety civilisation – concept of, 22, 69–77, 79–80, See division of labour, 25, 30, 32, 73, 85, 86, 100, 105, also Zivilisation 106, 162, 163, 168, 169, 179, 187, 188, 196, 203, Clausewitz, Carl von, 278 See also specialisation Cohen, Hermann, 124–126, 129, 132–137, 142, 287 Don Juan, 277 coincidentia oppositorum, 164, 186, 189 Douglas, Richard, 59 Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 28 Droysen, Johann Gustav, 116 collectivism, 106 dualism, 66, 84, 88, 90, 94, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, communism, 187 133, 135, 138, 141, 156, 160, 164, 167, 171, 186, Comte, Auguste, 102–103, 104, 106 190, 206, 212, 221, 233, 235, 237, 242, 243, 251, conservatism, 21, 22, 25, 153, 207, 219, 286 252, 253, 257, 280, 286–287, See also variety; conservative revolution. See revolution monism Cosmic Circle, 205 Dürer, Albrecht, 216, 249 cultivation, 5, 11, 27, 36, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 50, 55, Durkheim, Émile, 31–32, 176 56, 57, 58, 63, 64, 66–70, 75, 78–81, 83, 95, 98, 114, 115, 116, 179, 218, 220, 294, See also Einstein, Carl, 285 Bildung empiricism, 93, 104, 128–129, 137 self-cultivation, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 45, 54, 55, 57, empirio-criticism, 128 62, 63, 65, 67, 75, 78, 110–112, 114, 116, 145, Engels, Friedrich, 105, 204 172, 173, 218, 242 England. See Britain Cultur. See Kultur Enlightenment, 18, 38, 42, 196, 202 cultural spheres, 53, 64, 67, 69, 79, 80, 83, 84, 118, Aufklärung, 42, 59 135–137, 138–139, 158, 161, 181, 272, 276, See Scottish Enlightenment, 58 also forms of experience epigones, 22, 24 culture, 6, 10, 21, 23, 28, 52–53, 62, 63, 67–89, 91, equality, 117, 154, 188, 192, 193, 195, 202 135, 136, 144, 168, 181, 201, 203, 208, 210, 224, Erlebnis, 144, 228, 231 270, 272–273, 274, 275, 276, 282, 285, 288, Ernst, Paul, 249, 286 292, 294, See also Kultur essentialism, 106, 116, 199, 206 inward culture, 25 estrangement. See alienation objective culture, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82–84, 85, 86, Eucken, Rudolf, 25, 225, 227–229 210, 211, 272 evolution, 76, 102, 104, 112, 125, 131–132, 133, 143, personal culture, 85, 146 200, 202, 203, 204 subjective culture, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, existentialism, 280, 282 208, 272 Expressionism, 274, 285, 287

d’Annunzio, Gabriele, 288 Faust, 284 Dante Alighieri, 91–97, 98, 248, 255, 263, 265, 277 feeling, 77, 79, 161, 179–180, 200, 218, 241 Darwin, Charles, 148 Felski, Rita, 209 Darwinism, 193, 203 femininity. See women decision, 11, 267, 275–280, 281–282, 283–284, 287, feminism, 191–192, 194–195, 196, 202, 203, 207 289, 290–291 Feuerbach, Ludwig, 76 Delacroix, Eugène, 246 Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 6, 26, 72, 197

Index 331

Fiedler, Konrad, 256 Giotto di Bondone, 266 First World War, 26, 35, 85, 124, 235, 243, 262, Goethe, 12, 161, 223–224, 228–231, 232, 233–235, 268–277, 278–280, 285–292, 295 237–242, 244–245, 256, 259, 261, 262, 273, Fischer, Kuno, 123, 136 291–292 Fitzi, Gregor, 269 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 11, 12, 14, 20, 22, Fleischmann, Eugène, 155, 156 23, 25, 27, 35, 36, 37–38, 40, 46, 72, 94, 96, ﬂirtation, 201, 206–207, 281 97, 123, 144, 145, 148, 164, 165, 172, 198, Florence, 91, 167, 168, 169, 171, 172, 189, 209, 249 214–245, 248, 250, 255, 256, 261–264, 267, form, 42, 44, 87, 91, 97, 112, 114, 120, 129, 130, 157, 268, 284, 289–290, 291, 292, 295 160, 167, 172, 189, 211, 219, 233, 234, 236, 237, Goethe Society, 217, 220, 225 240, 241–242, 245, 253, 256, 259, 262, Gogarten, Friedrich, 282 263–264, 266, 267, 274–275, 288, 292, 293, Gothic, 249, 250, 254, 255, 256, 264–266 See also life grace, 165–167, 173 formalism, 242 graciousness, 169–170 formlessness, 97, 230, 242, 245, 266, 267, 273, Grafton, Anthony, 55 288, 292 gravity, 169, 170, 171 forms of experience, 53, 91, 124, 125, 126, 127, 131, Greeks, ancient, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 36, 44, 53, 57, 135, 136, 143, 155, 156, 158, 159, 160, 174, 176, 60–61, 63, 142, 168, 239, 250, 263, 265 177, 178, 184, 185, 186, 189, 190, 210, 211–212, Grimm, Herman, 91, 116, 216, 217, 219, 223, 222, 234, 235, See also cultural spheres 247, 248 Förster-Nietzsche, Elisabeth, 153 Grimm, Jacob, 216 fragmentation, 9, 13, 20, 25, 26, 27, 28, 36, 47, 54, Grimm, Wilhelm, 216 63, 64, 67, 73, 90, 99, 121, 146, 172, 182, 214, Gumplowicz, Ludwig, 110 242, 250, 293, 294 Gundolf, Friedrich, 228, 287–290 France, 5, 6, 28, 31–32, 60, 73, 103, 104, 105, 108, 110, 196, 246 harmony, 13, 17, 19, 20, 24, 50, 60, 67, 80, 82, 83, free action, 61, 138 88, 90, 95, 96, 116, 146, 166–170, 172, 173, free choice, 42, 76 205, 208, 209, 220, 232, 233, 235, 238, 251, freedom, 30, 72, 93, 94, 98, 105, 106, 112, 118, 134, 265, 273, 280, 284, 286, 291 138, 140, 154, 170, 177, 183, 190, 198, 251, 252, Harnack, Adolf von, 24–25, 33, 183, 187 264, 271 Harnack, Otto, 226 freedom of women, 193 Hartmann, Eduard von, 149–151 French Revolution. See revolution Havenstein, Martin, 242, 243 Freyer, Hans, 35, 65 Heath, Arthur George, 29 function, 128, 129, 211, 231, See also substance Hegar, Alfred, 23 Fundamental Problems of Sociology, 16 Hegel, G.W.F., 20, 26, 27, 30, 35–36, 40, 46, futurism, 285 47–49, 50, 51–52, 61, 62, 68, 150, 193, 280, 282, 284, 285, 291 Gadamer, Hans-Georg, 61–62 Hegelianism, 29, 30, 54 Gassen, Kurt, 3 Heidegger, Martin, 243 Geiger, Abraham, 217 Heine, Heinrich, 95 Geiger, Ludwig, 217, 219, 223 Helmholtz, Hermann von, 61, 129 Geist, 40, 45, 68, 81, See also spirit: objective spirit: Heraclitus, 263 subjective spirit; Kultur Herder, Johann Gottfried, 40, 105 George Circle. See George, Stefan Hillebrand, Karl, 27–28, 63 George, Stefan, 2, 168, 219, 223, 247, 248, 250, 287 Hiller, Kurt, 285 George Circle, 287–289, 291 Hippel, Theodor Gottlieb von, 193–194, 202 Gerhardt, Uta, 120 Hobbes, Thomas, 225 German Idealism. See Idealism Hofmannsthal, Hugo von, 236 German Society for Ethical Culture, 102 Hölderlin, Friedrich, 20–21, 38 German spirit. See spirit Homer, 55 Germanism, 153, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 250, 255, Huch, Ricarda, 168 256, 262, 263, 265, 266–268, 280, See also humanism, 29, 39, 40, 57, 58, 59–60, 64, See also Romanism neo-humanism Gesamtkunstwerk, 267 Third Humanism, 63

332 Index

Humboldt, Alexander von, 27 Kugler, Franz, 247 Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 26, 27, 41, 46, 47, 49, Kultur, 67–75, 83, 94, 287, 294, See also culture 50, 54, 55, 73, 145, 197, 198–199, 216 Kulturprotestantismus. See Protestantism Hume, David, 144 Hurwicz, Elias, 8 Lamprecht, Karl, 73 Langbehn, Julius, 23–24, 99, 246 Idealism, 57, 129, 204 Lange, F.A., 123, 124, 125 British Idealism, 54 Lasker, Eduard, 21–22 German Idealism, 18, 45, 47, 49, 51–52, 57, 75, Lassalle, Ferdinand, 26 124, 145, 282 Lazarus, Moritz, 7, 91, 92, 109–112, 115, 116, 135, immanent transcendence, 254, 255, 260 179, 199 impressionism, 209 Leck, Ralph, 285 individualisation, 18, 93, 94, 105–108, 121, 138, Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 24–25, 27, 46–47, 206, 251, 259, 266 49, 226, 227, 230, 231, 236 individualism, 81, 95, 104, 105, 106, 107, 112, 116, Leonardo da Vinci, 27, 248, 252 120, 138, 154, 179, 198, 204, 229, 230, 232, 259, Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 61 260, 268, 280 liberal theology, 24, 178, 179, 183, 282 individuality, 24, 32, 37–38, 39, 47, 49, 82, 93, 94, liberalism, 22, 28, 33, 76, 103, 104, 152, 154, 194, 99, 100, 103–112, 114, 115, 138, 154, 156, 158, 196, 202, 203, 232, 233, 269 188, 202, 223, 230, 253, 255, 258, 259–260, Lichtblau, Klaus, 155 261, 263–264, 266, 267 Lichtenberg, Georg Christoph, 149 intellectualism, 129, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 231 Liebermann, Max, 246 interaction, 10, 17, 106, 112, 118, 120, 121, 165, 227 Liebmann, Otto, 123, 124, 125 Introduction to Moral Sciences, 6, 16, 139, 151, 175 Liesegang, Paul [Simmel’s pseudonym], 101 inward culture. See culture life, 10, 17, 90–91, 133, 143, 144, 148, 149, 152, 154, Italy, 5, 91, 92, 239, 240, 245, 248, 252, 255, 265 155, 156, 161, 167, 169, 172, 177, 181, 186, 190, 209, 212, 226, 227–231, 237, 241–242, 244, Jacobi, Friedrich Heinrich, 224 251, 253, 254, 255, 256–267, 272, 273, 275, Jaeger, Werner, 63–64, 67 295, See also form; more-life; more-than-life Jesus, 43, 150, 183, 282, 289 life experience. See Erlebnis Jews, 7–8, 115–116, 136, 188, 195, 217, 255, 267, life-philosophy, 3, 6, 25, 85, 148, 149, 211, 225, 227, 287, 291 228, 229, 230, 231, 244, 245, 250, 261, Joël, Karl, 83 272, 282 Judaism. See Jews life process, 177, 230, 231, 233, 241, 257, 260 life stream, 91, 209, 227, 229, 231, 241, 256, 257, Kaiser Wilhelm Society, 24 260, 261 Kandal, Terry, 194 Lippert, Julius, 73, 74 Kant, 121, 122, 123, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 139–142, Litt, Theodor, 36 143, 144, 146, 147, 277 Locke, John, 144 Kant and Goethe, 70, 220, 221, 225, 231, 232 love, 94, 95–96, 159, 161, 186, 196, 201, 203, 230, Kant, Immanuel, 14, 25, 30, 52, 53–54, 72, 73, 85, 253, 254, 277, 281 94, 98, 99, 121–144, 145, 146, 154, 155, 156, 161, Lovejoy, Arthur, 49–50, 66 165, 197, 214, 218, 220, 221–222, 224, 225, 235, Löwith, Karl, 35, 36, 281 277–278, 287, 291, 293 Ludwig, Emil, 243 Kant Society, 122, 123 Lukács, Georg, 286 Kantorowicz, Gertrud, 173, 271 Luther, Martin, 43 Kautsky, Karl, 192 Lutheranism, 41, 59, 105, 179, 183 Keyserling, Hermann Graf von, 261, 271 Kierkegaard, Søren, 282, 284 Mach, Ernst, 128 Klages, Ludwig, 205 macrocosm, 49, 66, 146 Klemm, Gustav, 69 Maeterlinck, Maurice, 154, 288 Kluckhohn, Clyde, 74 Main Problems of Philosophy, 6, 211, 283 Köhnke, Klaus Christian, 7, 109 Maistre, Joseph de, 104 Kracauer, Siegfried, 286 mammonism, 286 Kroeber, A.L., 74 Mann, Heinrich, 153

Index 333

Mann, Thomas, 218 Nolde, Emil, 246 Marburg School. See neo-Kantianism nominalism, 106 Marées, Hans von, 252 Nordic spirit. See spirit: northern spirit Marr, Wilhelm, 26 northern spirit. See spirit Marx, Karl, 105, 284–285 Marxism, 101, 105, 136, 193, 285 objectiﬁcation, 60, 85, 157, 158, 170, 206, 210, 211, masculinity. See men 229, 241–242, 257 matriarchy, 204–205 objective culture. See culture mechanisation, 26, 65, 69, 114, 271, 286 objective religion. See religion mediaeval. See Middle Ages objective spirit. See spirit Meier-Graefe, Julius, 251 objectivity, 16, 17, 25, 55, 60, 61, 80, 127, 128–132, Meister Eckhart, 41, 188, 242, 282–283 150, 151, 155, 180, 200, 205, 207, 208, 210, 213, men, 190, 192, 193, 194, 196–208, 210–213, 277, 229, 230, 239, 240, 242, 261, 276 291, 292, See also women Oesterreich, Konstantin, 122 Meunier, Constantin, 154 On Social Differentiation, 103, 106–109, 112–115, Michelangelo Buonarroti, 91, 208, 247, 248, 251, 116, 117, 120, 138 253–255, 263, 265, 277, 281 Oppenheimer, Franz, 33 microcosm, 49, 66, 146, 229, 241 optimism, 22, 27, 30, 33, 38, 89, 115, 116, 117, 135, Middle Ages, 18, 39, 63, 91, 92, 93, 114, 178, 283 148, 150, 159, 186, 205, 273, 294 modernism, 209, 248, 249 Ortega y Gasset, José, 243 Moltke, Helmuth von, 97–98 Mommsen, Theodor, 24, 33, 60 pantheism, 40, 45, 66, 175, 227, 231, 279, 283 monism, 30, 90, 155, 156, 286, See also dualism part. See whole and part more-life, 148, 155, See also life patriarchy, 196, 204 more-than-life, 79, 155, 156, See also life Paulsen, Friedrich, 33, 39, 134, 137, 150, 151, Morris-Reich, Amos, 7 152, 221 Morwitz, Ernst, 248 personal culture. See culture Müller-Lyer, Franz, 203 personality, 16, 17, 19, 29, 30, 32, 33, 37–41, 46–49, mysticism, 41–43, 82, 92–93, 154, 157, 188, 226, 51, 60, 63, 66, 68, 69, 75, 77, 80, 81, 82, 84, 235, 242, 282, 283–284, 286, 295 86, 96, 106, 108, 111, 112, 113, 121, 138, 167, 200, 206, 233, 258 Napoleon Bonaparte, 290 personality of God, 66, 175 national character. See character pessimism, 31, 33, 38, 51, 86, 87, 116, 136, 148, National Liberals, 21 149–152, 156, 157, 159, 163, 187, 295 National Protestantism. See Protestantism Pestalozzi, Johann Heinrich, 73 National Socialism, 4, 62 Pettenkofer, Max von, 32 national spirit. See spirit philistinism, 21, 28, 62, 64, 168, 218, 219, 238, 278, nationalism, 152, 247, 269, 286, 287 289, 291 Natorp, Paul, 129, 131, 134, 136, 271 Philosophical Culture, 85, 175, 176, 210, 213, 237, neo-humanism, 39–41, 44–45, 47, 50, 51, 54–55, 253, 254, 281 57, 59, 60–61, 145, See also humanism Philosophy of Money, 6, 17, 85, 86, 88, 209 neo-Kantianism, 6, 52–54, 85, 122–139, 142, Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni, 58 143–144, 145, 221, 234, 287, 293 pietism, 37, 41, 42 Marburg School, 122, 129, 130, 134–136, 142 piety, 184–185, 222, 255, 260 Southwest School, 20, 52, 64, 122, 134–137, 142 Pilate, Pontius, 289 neo-Platonism, 41, 44 Pindar, 290 Neumann, Carl, 246, 251 Plato, 24, 49, 159, 225 Newton, Isaac, 125, 126 Plessner, Helmuth, 65, 67 Nicholas of Cusa, 186 pluralism, 135, 136, 137, 158, See also plurality Niethammer, Friedrich Immanuel, 39 plurality, 53, 64, 69, 135, 137, 149, 155, 156, 158–160, Nietzsche, Friedrich, 3, 19–20, 21, 23, 26, 45, 56, 177, 190, 211, 231, See also pluralism 62, 63, 64, 67, 83, 85, 94, 116, 119, 146–150, Pocock, J.G.A., 10 152–156, 159–160, 167, 180, 182, 197, 198, 215, positivism, 23, 25, 52, 102, 103, 108, 109, 128, 145, 218, 219, 221, 223, 248, 277, 290 219, 220 nihilism, 137, 150, 151, 152, 154 post-modernism, 249

334 Index

pragmatism, 30, 85, 131, 143 Romans, ancient, 19, 24, 53, 60, 265 professionalisation, 5, 6, 21, 25, 27, 29, 31, 32, 55, Romanticism. See Romantics 58, 64, 67, 111, 218, See also Beruf; vocation Romantics, 25, 197, 198, 204, 230, 246, 247, 248, progress, 22, 24, 27, 32, 71, 77, 90, 93, 103, 105, 111, See also proto-Romantic 114, 126, 165, 178, 203 Romanticism, 50, 105, 196 prostitution, 117, 193, 194, 195 Rome, 164, 167, 171 Protestantism, 5, 43, 59, 105, 187, 277, 280, 283 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 36, 193 Kulturprotestantismus, 7, 179 Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences, 33 National Protestantism, 245 Rubens, Peter Paul, 247 proto-Romantic, 198, 218, See also Romantics Rüegg, Walter, 60–61 Prussian Academy of Sciences, 24, 25 Ruskin, John, 28 psychology of peoples. See Völkerpsychologie Russia, 5, 196 Pufendorf, Samuel, 68 Saint-Simonians, 232 Rammstedt, Otthein, 1, 120 scepticism, 97, 127, 133, 137 Raphael Santi, 216, 247 Schäfﬂe, Albert, 32, 73, 105–106, 108, 110, rationalism, 23, 42, 93, 133, 138, 144, 282 115, 179 Ravaillac, François, 269 Scherer, Wilhelm, 217 reactionaries, 26, 65, 104, 198 Schiller, Friedrich, 25, 36, 47, 57, 61, 75, 76, 170, Reformation, 41, 183 228, 279 reiﬁcation, 86, 87, 274 Schlegel, August Wilhelm, 96 relationism, 106, 212 Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 37–38, 46, 57, 161, relative. See absolute versus relative 179–180, 184, 185 religion, 16, 18, 20, 25, 76, 82, 118, 141, 145, 161, Schluchter, Wolfgang, 155, 156 173–190, 247, 260–261, 275, 284, 290, Schmitt, Carl, 280, 284, 292 See also religiosity Schmoller, Gustav, 76, 199 objective religion, 181, 182, 260 scholastics, 43, 92 subjective religion, 182, 183, 184, 260, 261 Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, 70, 147–148, 155, Religion, 7, 141, 173–178 157–160, 249 religiosity, 179–186, 189, 190, 214, 234, 260, 261, Schopenhauer, Arthur, 6, 26, 72, 75, 94, 146–151, See also religion 152, 156–161, 170, 171, 172, 197, 198, 234, Rembrandt, 90, 161, 182, 244, 256–268 249–250, 252 Rembrandt as Educator, 23, 98, 99–100, 102, Schumann, Robert, 267 246, 249 Schweitzer, Albert, 282 Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, 14, 94, 148, Scottish Enlightenment. See Enlightenment 175, 223, 244–250, 252, 255–268, 280, 291 Second World War, 61, 280 Renaissance, 18, 19, 21, 24, 39, 59, 221, 245, self-cultivation. See cultivation 247–249, 254, 263, 266, 281 Semler, Johann Salomo, 178 Renaissancism, 245 sensualism, 133, 138, 144 republicanism, 32, 65 Shaftesbury, Third Earl of, Anthony Ashley revisionism, 136, 285 Cooper, 44 revolution, 154, 204, 271, 284, 285, 287 Shakespeare, William, 96, 223, 228, 263, 264, 266, conservative revolution, 65, 75 267, 268 French Revolution, 193 Shaw, George Bernard, 288 Revolution of 1848, 284 Siebeck, Hermann, 225 Revolution of 1848. See revolution social democracy, 101, 136, 192, 194, 284 Rickert, Heinrich, 3, 52, 53–54, 134, 136, 195 socialism, 33, 116, 117, 136, 152, 192–193, 194, 220, Riehl, Alois, 129, 153 284, 286 Rilke, Rainer Maria, 180 sociologism, 118, 119, 176, 177 Ripke-Kühn, Leonore, 287 sociology, 14, 16, 70, 76, 78, 85, 99, 100, 102, Ritschl, Albrecht, 179–180, 183, 186, 188 104–121, 138, 145, 163, 174 Rodin, Auguste, 18, 208, 209, 248, 249, 250–253, Sociology, 175–177, 179, 199, 217 254–255, 263, 281 Solzhenitsyn, Alexandr, 92 Romanism, 245–249, 255, 256, 262, 267, 268, soul, 23, 26, 41, 42, 68, 72, 81, 82, 86, 87, 88, 93, 94, See also Germanism 129, 139, 147, 154, 158, 160, 163, 164, 166, 167,

Index 335

169, 175, 182, 184, 186, 187, 188, 198, 241, 251, Übermensch, 153, 154, 182 253, 257, 258, 260, 261, 265, 266, 283, 284 Ueberweg, Friedrich, 122 beautiful soul, 170, 206, 212 Ulmi, Marianne, 210 feminine soul, 206, 210 United States. See America Southwest School. See neo-Kantianism unity, 11, 13, 17, 18, 19, 21, 25, 27, 40, 51, 53–54, 57, specialisation, 6, 18, 20, 21, 23–25, 28, 30–34, 39, 73, 75, 80, 81, 90, 92, 93, 106, 112, 113, 124, 51, 56, 63, 64, 77, 86, 98, 99, 100, 113, 162, 126, 130, 135, 136, 138, 139, 142, 144, 145, 147, 163, 168, 169, 181, 200, 201, 205, See also 155, 177, 181, 184, 186, 188, 190–191, 200, 204, division of labour 209, 210, 219, 220–223, 226, 227, 229–232, Spencer, Herbert, 85, 104, 106, 109, 199 236, 239, 243, 250, 251–252, 253–255, Spinoza, Benedict de, 224, 227, 231 257–259, 260, 261, 263, 264, 266, 267, 281, spirit, 23, 53, 68, 76, 88, 214, 229, See also Geist 283, 286, 292, 294, See also totality; variety absolute spirit, 40, 76 unity above variety, 88, 89, 190, 209, 211–212, German spirit, 266, 274, 275, 280, 288 213, 215, 233–235, 237–242, 250, 262, 268, national spirit, 92 274, 275, 291, 295 northern spirit, 255, 264 unity and variety, 14, 16–89, 149, 162, 165–166, objective spirit, 87, 112, 155 228, 232, 239, 244, 291, 294 subjective spirit, 81, 87, 112 unity in variety, 46, 49, 80, 88, 89, 90–91, 94, Spranger, Eduard, 25, 47 98, 115–117, 121, 133, 134, 135, 143, 145, 156, St.-Simonians, 104 162, 164–165, 169, 173, 186–187, 188, 190, 201, Stein, Charlotte von, 243 202, 209, 219, 233, 250, 252, 295 Steiner, Rudolf, 219 unity versus variety, 88, 89, 145–146, 156, Steinthal, Heymann, 71, 91, 109, 110, 115, 199 157–158, 159–161, 162, 165–168, 169, Strauss, David, 62 171–173, 186–190, 201–202, 206, 207, 208, subjective culture. See culture 209, 211, 214–215, 219, 222, 233, 234, 249, 250, subjective religion. See religion; see also religiosity 252, 294 subjective spirit. See spirit Urphänomen, 172, 173, 224, 227, 230, 235, 236, subjectivity, 78, 81, 86, 127, 129, 130, 132, 146, 171, 241, 291 179, 180, 184, 187, 206, 210, 229, 239, 240, utilitarianism, 104, 150 242, 261 substance, 47, 128, 161, See also function Vaihinger, Hans, 123, 130 Susman [von Bendemann], Margarete, 121, 173, variety, 11, 31, 37, 38, 41, 46, 90, 124, 168, 214, See 262, 275 also plurality; dualism; unity Sybel, Heinrich von, 51 Venice, 171–172, 189, 209 symbol, 82, 146, 160, 168, 172, 178, 190, 208, 209, View of Life, 6, 148 214, 233–234, 240, 241, 250, 257, 281 vocation, 21, 58, 59, 83, See also Beruf; symbolism, 248 professionalisation Völkerpsychologie, 92, 109–111, 112, 115 Taubert, Agnes, 150 völkism, 255 thing-in-itself, 124, 126–128, 132, 135, 157 Vorländer, Karl, 221 Third Humanism. See humanism third realm, 78, 130, 254, 255, 275 Wagner, Adolph, 25, 32 Thouard, Denis, 276 Wagner, Richard, 71, 72, 248, 267 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 104 Watier, Patrick, 269, 272 Tönnies, Ferdinand, 72, 149, 154, 197, 198 Weber, Alfred, 26, 28, 76–77, 78–79 totalitarianism, 269 Weber, Marianne, 207 totality, 24, 26, 31, 37, 40, 47, 49, 54, 57, 93, 106, Weber, Max, 43, 64, 65, 67, 155–156, 280 110, 135, 149, 169, 205, 211–212, 218, 230, 235, Weil, Hans, 41 236, 238, 241, 257, 259, 264, 272, 275, 295, See Weimar Republic, 35 also whole and part; unity whole and part, 16, 18, 19, 23, 24, 27–29, 31, 33, 48, tragedy, 20, 28, 29, 57, 79, 82, 85–87, 97, 160, 161, 49, 57, 66, 100, 108, 113, 115, 160, 185, 186, 163, 170, 171, 205, 218, 228, 253, 254, 274, 295 200, 236, 241 Treitschke, Heinrich von, 22, 24, 26, 63, 116 Wilhelm II, 269 Troeltsch, Ernst, 97, 178, 183 Willmann, Otto, 74 Tylor, E.B., 69 Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, 44

336 Index

Windelband, Wilhelm, 20–22, 33, 38, 52–54, 116, Wundt, Max, 37 125, 134–137, 142, 151 Wundt, Wilhelm, 32 Wölfﬂin, Heinrich, 247, 248, 256 Wolfskehl, Karl, 205, 289 Young Germany, 218 women, 161, 177, 190–213, 214, 243, 277, 281, 291, 292, See also men Zeller, Eduard, 116 worlds of experience. See forms Ziegler, Leopold, 75–77 of experience Zionism, 7 Worringer, Wilhelm, 265–266 Zivilisation, 70–71, 74, See also civilisation