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A Reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata). 4. the Family Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935 (1926)

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A Reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata). 4. the Family Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935 (1926) University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of 1987 A Reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata). 4. The family Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935 (1926) Renaud Fortuner California Department of Food and Agriculture Armand R. Maggenti University of California - Davis Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs Part of the Parasitology Commons Fortuner, Renaud and Maggenti, Armand R., "A Reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata). 4. The family Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935 (1926)" (1987). Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. 108. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/parasitologyfacpubs/108 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Parasitology, Harold W. Manter Laboratory of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications from the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. A reappraisal of Tylenchina (Nemata). 4. The family Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935 (1926) (l) Renaud FORTUNER*and Armand R. MAGGENTI California Department of Food and Agriculture, Analysis and Identification (Nematology), 1220 N Street, Sacramento, Ca 95814; and University of Califonlia, Division of Nematology, Davis, Ca 95616, USA SUMMARK The familyAnguinidae isredefined. The familiesand subfamilies Nothotylenchidaehnae, Sychnotylenchidae/inae, Halenchidaelinae, Pseudhalenchinae, Ditylenchidaehnae, Cynipanguininae, Neoditylenchinae, Nothanguininae and Thadinae are rejected. The genera Anguina, Halenchus, Ditylenchus, Pseudhalenchus, Sychnotylenchus, Thada, Subanguina, Cynipanguina, and Pterotylenchus are recognized as valid in Anguinidae.Chitinotylenchus is a genus inquirenduln or incertae sedisin Anguinidae. The following new synonyms are proposed:Nothotylenchus, Boleodoroidesand Om’na synonyms of Ditylenchus; Nothanguina synonym of Anguina; Afrinaand Mesoanguina synonyms of Subanguina; and Neoditylenchus synonym of Sychnotylenchus. Hypotheses on the evolution within Anguinidae are presented. A tabular key is includedto help identify the valid genera. RESUME Réévaluation des Tylenchina (Nemata). 4. La famille des Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935 (1926). La famille des Anguinidae est redéfinie. Les familles et sous-familles Nothotylenchidae/inae, Sychnotylenchidae/inae, Halen- chidae/inae, Pseudhalenchinae, Ditylenchidaelinae, Cynipanguininae, Neoditylenchinae, Nothanguininae et Thadinae sont rejetées. Les genresAnguina, Halenchus, Ditylenchus, Pseudhalenchus, Sychnotylenchus, Thada, Subanguina, Cynipanguinaet Pterotylenchus sont acceptés comme genres validesa l’intérieur d’Anguinidae. Chitinotylenchus est un genus inquirendunz ou incertae sedis, dans les Anguinidae. Les synonymes suivants sont proposes : Nothotylenchus,Boleodoroides et Om’na synonymesde Ditylenchus, Nothanguina synonyme d’dnguina, Afn‘na et Mesoanguina synonymes deSubanguina et Neoditylenchus synonyme deSychnotylen- chus. Des hypotheses sur l’évolution probable des formes a l’intérieur des Anguinidae sont proposées, ainsi qu’une clef tabulaire pour aider à l’identification des genres valides de cette famille. The name Anguinidae was first proposed by Nicoll proposed by Paramonov (1962) at subfamily level with (1935)**, in replacement of Anguillulinidae Baylis & the genera Anguina, Paranguina,and Nothanguina. The Daubney, 1926. same author proposed thefamily Sychnotylenchidaefor When Baylis and Daubney(1926), then Nicoll(l935), some insect-associate species (Paramonov, 1967). proposed respectively Anguillulinidae and Anguinidae, Wu (1967a, b) studiedthe relationships between they included in these families genera that are now in Tylenchus,Ditylenchus, and Anguina. She treated al1 other families in Tylenchida (Heterodera, Hoplolaimus, three genera as members of Tylenchinae, but she laid Tylenchulus, etc.), or in other orders (Aphelenchus in the groundwork that eventually permitted theseparation Aphelenchida; Tylopharynx in Diplogasterida). The of Tylenchus from the other two genera. modern conceptof Anguinidae was first recognized, and Siddiqi (1971) placed Ditylenchus in Anguinidae. Golden (1971) separated the genera in Anguinidae into the subfamilies Ditylenchinae and Anguininae in Tylen- ** According to the International Code of Zoological No- chidae. This arrangement is not generally accepted menclature, Article40, a, the correct authority for this family (Brzeski, 1981). Siddiqi (1980) treated Anguinidae as a is : Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935 (1926), see Fortuner (1984). superfamily. Brzeski (1981) attemptedto clarify the (1) This article is part of a study on the classification of Tylenchina by the present authors and E. Geraert (Rijksuniversiteit, Gent), M. Luc (ORSTOM, Paris), and D.J. Raski (Universityof California, Davis). * Associate in the Division of Nenzatology, university of California, Davis, CA 95614, USA. Revue Nématpl. Revue (1987)10 (2) :163-176 163 R. Fortuner & A. R. Maggenti status of the genera in Anguinidae. Siddiqi (1986) placed Subanguina Paramonov, 1967 Anguinoidea in Hexatylina. Maggenti et al. (1987) Cynipanguina Maggenti, Hart & Paxman, 1974 proposed to accept the family Anguinidae under Tylen- Pterotylenchus Siddiqi & Lenne, 1983 choidea in the suborder Tylenchina. Genus incertae sedis or inquirendum in Anguinidae : The validity and status of the genera and families of Chitinotylenchus Micoletzky, 1922 anguinids are here discussed accordingto the principles of Luc et al. (1987) and the general classification of COMMENTS Tylenchina of Maggenti et al. (1987). Minimal list of species are given for some genera. Description of Anguinidae Additional information onspecies nomenclature can be Vermiformnematodes; mature femalessometimes found in Fortuner (1987). enlarged, but never globose or kidney-shaped. Lip re- gion low, anteriorly flattened, not or slightly offset, not annulated or with faint annuli. First lip annulus not The family Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935 (1926) divided into sectors; amphid apertures small, elliptical, directed towards the oral opening. Lateral field with = Anguillulinidae Baylis & Daubney, 1926 either four or six and more lines. Deirids and phasmids = Nothotylenchidae Thorne, 1941 generally absent. Tai1 long, slender, often withlast third = Sychnotylenchidae Paramonov, 1967 ventrally bent; sometimes shorter and rounded. = Ditylenchidae Golden, 1971 Labialframework delicate. Stylet thinand short, = Halenchidae Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1969 (n. syn.) about as long as basallip annulus diameter; stylet knobs Synonym subfamilies : present, small, rounded. Stylet muscles parallel to stylet Anguillulininae Baylis & Daubney, 1926 axis. Dorsal esophageal gland opens just below stylet Nothotylenchinae Thorne, 1941 (n. syn.) base. Procorpus thin or wide, separated or not from the Sychnotylenchinae Paramonov, 1967 (n. syn.) median bulb by a constriction. Median bulb (metacor- Halenchinae Jairajpuri & Siddiqi, 1969 (n. syn.) pus) fusiformto rounded, rarely absent, with or without Pseudhalenchinae Siddiqi, 1971 (n. syn.) ’ valve. Isthmus thin to wide. Esophageal glands short, Ditylenchinae Golden, 1971 pyriform,not overlapping the intestine, or longer, Neoditylenchinae Kakuliya & Devdariani, 1975 (n. stopping short of the intestine, or overlapping it for a syn.) short or a long distance. Esophago-intestinal junction Cynipanguininae Fotedar & Handoo, 1978 (cardia) with hyaline cells large, of same diameter as Nothanguininae Fotedar& Handoo, 1978 (n. syn.) intestine. Thadinae Siddiqi, 1986 (n. syn.) One anterior genital branch; posterior branch reduced to a post-uterine sac (PUS) or absent. Ovary straight or DIAGNOSIS with flexures, sometimes very long and reaching to the Tylenchoidea with low, flattened anterior end; with esophageal region; oocytes in either oneor two rows, or small, delicatestylet and labialframework; female geni- in many rows. Oviduct with two rows of fivecells. ta1 systemwith long sixteen-celled tubularsperma- Spermatheca long, with sixteen cells, tubular, always in theca, in line with genital tract; sperm cells with large line withgenital tract, shorter in Pseudhalenchus. Col- amount of cytoplasm (except Pseudhalenchus). umned uterus variable, with four rows of four or more Anguinidae differs from al1 families in Tylenchoidea cells, or with manysmall cells irregularly arranged. except Tylenchidae by the aspect of its anterior extre- Sphincter present at the junction uterus-vagina. Vagina mity with low flattened end, and small, delicate stylet oblique or perpendicular to body axis; no vulval flaps and labial framework. It differs from Tylenchidaeby the (except in one genus) or epiptygma. characteristics of the genital system (Tylenchidae has Males similar to females, no secondary sexual dimor- spermatheca short, twelve-celled, rounded and some- phismexcept in species with enlarged adult females times off-set, andsperm cells with little cytoplasm) where males remain thin. Sperm cells with large amount and by the oesophageal glands, often overlapping the of cytoplasm (except Pseudhalenchus). Caudal alae small beginning of the intestine. adanal (leptoderan), ending atless than 1/3 of taillength, or longer, enveloping up to 213 of tail length, or com- pletely enveloping tail (peloderan). LISTOF GENERA IN ANGUINIDAE Biology. Mycetophagous, insect associates, or para- Anguina Scopoli, 1777 sites of above
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