Two New Nematode Genera, Safianema (Anguinidae) and Discotylenchus (Tylenchidae), with Descriptions of Three New Species
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Beech Leaf Disease Symptoms Caused by Newly Recognized Nematode Subspecies Litylenchus Crenatae Mccannii (Anguinata) Described from Fagus Grandifolia in North America
Received: 30 July 2019 | Revised: 24 January 2020 | Accepted: 27 January 2020 DOI: 10.1111/efp.12580 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Beech leaf disease symptoms caused by newly recognized nematode subspecies Litylenchus crenatae mccannii (Anguinata) described from Fagus grandifolia in North America Lynn Kay Carta1 | Zafar A. Handoo1 | Shiguang Li1 | Mihail Kantor1 | Gary Bauchan2 | David McCann3 | Colette K. Gabriel3 | Qing Yu4 | Sharon Reed5 | Jennifer Koch6 | Danielle Martin7 | David J. Burke8 1Mycology & Nematology Genetic Diversity & Biology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Abstract MD, USA Symptoms of beech leaf disease (BLD), first reported in Ohio in 2012, include in- 2 Soybean Genomics & Improvement terveinal greening, thickening and often chlorosis in leaves, canopy thinning and mor- Laboratory, Electron Microscopy and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, tality. Nematodes from diseased leaves of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) sent by Beltsville, MD, USA the Ohio Department of Agriculture to the USDA, Beltsville, MD in autumn 2017 3Ohio Department of Agriculture, Reynoldsburg, OH, USA were identified as the first recorded North American population of Litylenchus crena- 4Agriculture & Agrifood Canada, Ottawa tae (Nematology, 21, 2019, 5), originally described from Japan. This and other popu- Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, lations from Ohio, Pennsylvania and the neighbouring province of Ontario, Canada ON, Canada showed some differences in morphometric averages among females compared to 5Ontario Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste. the Japanese population. Ribosomal DNA marker sequences were nearly identical to Marie, ON, Canada the population from Japan. A sequence for the COI marker was also generated, al- 6USDA-FS, Delaware, OH, USA though it was not available from the Japanese population. -
JOURNAL of NEMATOLOGY Nothotylenchus Andrassy N. Sp. (Nematoda: Anguinidae) from Northern Iran
JOURNAL OF NEMATOLOGY Article | DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2018-025 Issue 0 | Vol. 0 Nothotylenchus andrassy n. sp. (Nematoda: Anguinidae) from Northern Iran Parisa Jalalinasab,1 Mohsen Nassaj 2 1 Hosseini and Ramin Heydari * Abstract 1Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Nothotylenchus andrassy n. sp. is described and illustrated from resources, University of Tehran, moss (Sphagnum sp.) based on morphology and molecular analyses. Karaj, Iran. Morphologically, this new species is characterized by a medium body size, six incisures in the lateral fields, and a delicate stylet (8–9 µm 2Academic Center for Education, long) with clearly defined knobs. Pharynx with fusiform, valveless, non- Culture and Research, Guilan muscular and sometimes indistinct median bulb. Basal pharyngeal Branch Rasht, Guilan, Iran bulb elongated and offset from the intestine; a long post-vulval uterine *E-mail: [email protected]. sac (55% of vulva to anus distance); and elongate, conical tail with pointed tip. Nothotylenchus andrassy n. sp. is morphologically similar This paper was edited by Zafar to five known species of the genus, namely Nothotylenchus geraerti, Ahmad Handoo. Nothotylenchus medians, Nothotylenchus affinis, Nothotylenchus Received for publication December buckleyi, and Nothotylenchus persicus. The results of molecular 5, 2017. analysis of rRNA gene sequences, including the D2–D3 expansion region of 28S rRNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA and partial 18S rRNA gene are provide for the new species. Key words 18S rRNA, D2–D3 region, Molecular, Morphology, Moss, Sphagnum sp., ITS rRNA. The genus Nothotylenchus Thorne, 1941 belongs well resolved in the phylogenetic analysis using the to subfamily Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935 within the D2–D3 expansion segments of 28S, ITS, and partial family Anguinidae Nicoll, 1935. -
Bacterial Associates of Anguina Species Isolated from Galls Yang Chang WEN and David R
Fundam. appi. NemaLOi., 1992, 15 (3), 231-234. Bacterial associates of Anguina species isolated from galls Yang Chang WEN and David R. VIGLIERCHIO Department of Nematology, University of Califomia, Davis, CA 95616, USA Accepted for publication 9 April 1991. Summary - Certain animal and plant diseases are weil known to be a consequence of a particular nematode and bacterial species involved in an intimate relationship. For several such insect diseases, reports indicate that the nematode is unable to survive in the absence of the specific partner. That is not the case for the plant parasite group, Anguina in which each partner may survive independently. This report suggests that the relationship with Anguina is opportunistic in that if the appropriate bacteria share the nematode community, the characteristic disease appears. In the absence of that particular bacterial species other bacterial species in the nematode niche can substitute; however the relationship is benign. This indicates that although specificity in partners is required for a specific disease to emerge the nematode may develop intimate relationships with a range of non-threatening bacteria. Therein may lie part of the explanation of why the" sheep staggers " disease so serious to livestock in Australia is not so in the US Pacific Northwest which harbors the same nematode, Anguina agrostis. Résumé - Bactéries associées à certaines espèces d1\nguina isolées de galles - Certaines maladies des animaux et des plantes sont bien connues pour être causées par des espéces particulières de nématodes et de bactéries étroitement associées. Dans le cas de plusieurs maladies d'insectes, les observations indiquent que le nématode ne peut survivre en l'absence de son partenaire spécifique. -
Anguina Tritici
Anguina tritici Scientific Name Anguina tritici (Steinbuch, 1799) Chitwood, 1935 Synonyms Anguillula tritici, Rhabditis tritici, Tylenchus scandens, Tylenchus tritici, and Vibrio tritici Common Name(s) Nematode: Wheat seed gall nematode Type of Pest Nematode Taxonomic Position Class: Secernentea, Order: Tylenchida, Family: Anguinidae Reason for Inclusion in Manual Pests of Economic and Environmental Concern Listing 2017 Background Information Anguina tritici was discovered in England in 1743 and was the first plant parasitic nematode to be recognized (Ferris, 2013). This nematode was first found in the United States in 1909 and subsequently found in numerous states, where it was primarily found in wheat but also in rye to a lesser extent (PERAL, 2015). Modern agricultural practices, including use of clean seed and crop rotation, have all but eliminated A. tritici in countries which have adopted these practices, and the nematode has not been found in the United States since 1975 (PERAL, 2015). However, A. tritici is still a problem in third world countries where such practices are not widely adapted (SON, n.d.). Figure 1: Brightfield light microscope images of an A. tritici female as seen under low power In addition, trade issues have arisen due to magnification. J. D. Eisenback, Virginia Tech, conflicting records of A. tritici in the United bugwood.org States (PERAL, 2015). 1 Figure 2: Wheat seed gall broken open to reveal Figure 3: Seed gall teased apart to reveal adult thousands of infective juveniles. Michael McClure, males and females and thousands of eggs. J. University of Arizona, bugwood.org D. Eisenback, Virginia Tech, bugwood.org Pest Description Measurements (From Swarup and Gupta (1971) and Krall (1991): Egg: 85 x 38 μm on average, but may also be larger (130 x 63 μm). -
Tylenchomorpha: Anguinidae) Associated with Ficus Colubrinae in Costa Rica Robin M
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Papers in Plant Pathology Plant Pathology Department 2014 Ficotylus laselvae n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Anguinidae) associated with Ficus colubrinae in Costa Rica Robin M. Giblin-Davis University of Florida-IFAS, [email protected] Natsumi Kanzaki Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan, [email protected] Kerrie A. Davies The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, [email protected] Weimin Ye North Carolina Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services Yongsan Zeng Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Technology, Guangzhou, China See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/plantpathpapers Part of the Biodiversity Commons, Genetics and Genomics Commons, Other Plant Sciences Commons, Plant Biology Commons, and the Plant Pathology Commons Giblin-Davis, Robin M.; Kanzaki, Natsumi; Davies, Kerrie A.; Ye, Weimin; Zeng, Yongsan; Center, Barbara J.; Esquivel, Alejandro; and Powers, Thomas O., "Ficotylus laselvae n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Anguinidae) associated with Ficus colubrinae in Costa Rica" (2014). Papers in Plant Pathology. 551. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/plantpathpapers/551 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Plant Pathology Department at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Papers in Plant Pathology by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Robin M. Giblin-Davis, Natsumi Kanzaki, Kerrie A. Davies, Weimin Ye, Yongsan Zeng, Barbara J. Center, Alejandro Esquivel, and Thomas O. Powers This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/plantpathpapers/551 Published in Nematology 16 (2014), pp. -
Beech Leaf Disease Symptoms Caused by Newly Recognized Nematode Subspecies Litylenchus Crenatae Mccannii (Anguinata) Described from Fagus Grandifolia in North America
Received: 30 July 2019 | Revised: 24 January 2020 | Accepted: 27 January 2020 DOI: 10.1111/efp.12580 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Beech leaf disease symptoms caused by newly recognized nematode subspecies Litylenchus crenatae mccannii (Anguinata) described from Fagus grandifolia in North America Lynn Kay Carta1 | Zafar A. Handoo1 | Shiguang Li1 | Mihail Kantor1 | Gary Bauchan2 | David McCann3 | Colette K. Gabriel3 | Qing Yu4 | Sharon Reed5 | Jennifer Koch6 | Danielle Martin7 | David J. Burke8 1Mycology & Nematology Genetic Diversity & Biology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, Abstract MD, USA Symptoms of beech leaf disease (BLD), first reported in Ohio in 2012, include in- 2 Soybean Genomics & Improvement terveinal greening, thickening and often chlorosis in leaves, canopy thinning and mor- Laboratory, Electron Microscopy and Confocal Microscopy Unit, USDA-ARS, tality. Nematodes from diseased leaves of American beech (Fagus grandifolia) sent by Beltsville, MD, USA the Ohio Department of Agriculture to the USDA, Beltsville, MD in autumn 2017 3Ohio Department of Agriculture, Reynoldsburg, OH, USA were identified as the first recorded North American population of Litylenchus crena- 4Agriculture & Agrifood Canada, Ottawa tae (Nematology, 21, 2019, 5), originally described from Japan. This and other popu- Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, lations from Ohio, Pennsylvania and the neighbouring province of Ontario, Canada ON, Canada showed some differences in morphometric averages among females compared to 5Ontario Forest Research Institute, Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Sault Ste. the Japanese population. Ribosomal DNA marker sequences were nearly identical to Marie, ON, Canada the population from Japan. A sequence for the COI marker was also generated, al- 6USDA-FS, Delaware, OH, USA though it was not available from the Japanese population. -
Taxonomy and Identification of Principal Foliar Nematode Species (Aphelenchoides and Litylenchus)
plants Review Taxonomy and Identification of Principal Foliar Nematode Species (Aphelenchoides and Litylenchus) Zafar Handoo *, Mihail Kantor and Lynn Carta Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Northeast Area, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (L.C.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 September 2020; Accepted: 2 November 2020; Published: 4 November 2020 Abstract: Nematodes are Earth’s most numerous multicellular animals and include species that feed on bacteria, fungi, plants, insects, and animals. Foliar nematodes are mostly pathogens of ornamental crops in greenhouses, nurseries, forest trees, and field crops. Nematode identification has traditionally relied on morphological and anatomical characters using light microscopy and, in some cases, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This review focuses on morphometrical and brief molecular details and key characteristics of some of the most widely distributed and economically important foliar nematodes that can aid in their identification. Aphelenchoides genus includes some of the most widely distributed nematodes that can cause crop damages and losses to agricultural, horticultural, and forestry crops. Morphological details of the most common species of Aphelenchoides (A. besseyi, A. bicaudatus, A. fragariae, A. ritzemabosi) are given with brief molecular details, including distribution, identification, conclusion, and future directions, as well as an updated list of the nominal species with its synonyms. Litylenchus is a relatively new genus described in 2011 and includes two species and one subspecies. Species included in the Litylenchus are important emerging foliar pathogens parasitizing trees and bushes, especially beech trees in the United States of America. Brief morphological details of all Litylenchus species are provided. -
Biology and Histopathology of Different
1 BIOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY OF DIFFERENT ISOLATES OF ANGUINA TRITICI ON TRITICUM SPP. by Riadh Falih Al-Sabie B.Sc. (Baghdad), DIC. (Imperial College), M.Sc. (London) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN THE FACULTY OF SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON. Department of Zoology and Applied Entomology Imperial College at Silwood Park Imperial College of Science and Technology AshursE Lodge Sunninghill Ascot Berkshire: ENGLAND September, 1980. 11 ABSTRACT Isolates of Anguina tritici from Australia, England, India, Iraq and U.S.A. were maintained on spring wheat. Measurements of males and females and second stage juveniles (J2) showed consistent morphometric differences between some isolates. Host range studies on species and varieties of Triticwn and AegiZops indicated an ability to infect a wide range of hosts of which 9 were new records. Infection studies on naturally infected wheat revealed that the growing point was invaded by the second stage juveniles shortly after flower induction. Artificial inoculation of wheat plants showed that the infective stage needed an association with the flower primordia for at least 24 days (latent period) for galling to be initiated. Further studies were made on the effect of temperature on invasion and distribution of galls in artificially inoculated heads. The histopathology of infection and subsequent gall development was observed. J2 invaded the primordia of either one stamen only (outer anther), ovary only or both to form the gall. The J2 survived in the soil for 250 days in the absence of a host, and some could still infect and form galls after 225 days. J2 from all isolates could not survive for more than 40 days in aerated water. -
New Record of Three Species of Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae), with a Key to the Species Reported from Iran
J. Crop Prot. 2016, 5 (4): 565-579______________________________________________________ doi: 10.18869/modares.jcp.5.4.565 Research Article New record of three species of Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae), with a key to the species reported from Iran Mehrab Esmaeili and Ramin Heydari* Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran. Abstract: Fifteen species of the genus Ditylenchus were recovered and identified from Kermanshah province, western Iran. Morphological and morphometric characters of three known species namely D. filimus, D. hexaglyphus and D. nanus, being new records for Iran’s nematode fauna, are given and discussed. Ditylenchus filimus is characterized by having a short stylet (7-8 µm), four lines in lateral fields, well-developed and valvate median bulb, and the typical female tail ending to a filamentous process. D. hexaglyphus, is characterized by having a short stylet (6.5-8.0 µm), six lines in lateral fields, not developed and non-valvate median bulb, and conoid tail with rounded tip. D. nanus, is characterised by having a short stylet (6-7 µm), six lines in lateral fields, median bulb well-developed and valvate, and tail conoid with finely rounded tip. A dichotomous key for identification of the species occurring in Iran is also provided. Keywords: Ditylenchus filimus, D. hexaglyphus, D. nanus, identification, morphology, taxonomy Introduction12 nature of metacorpus (Brzeski, 1981; Fortuner & Maggenti, 1987; Siddiqi, 2000; Andrássy, 2007). The genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 was The former (Ditylenchus) has a well-developed, Downloaded from jcp.modares.ac.ir at 15:09 IRST on Saturday October 9th 2021 erected for D. -
First Record: a Stem and Bulb Plant Parasitic Nematode at Garlic Area Centre Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia with Species Reference to Ditylenchus Dipsaci
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia, Vol. 22, No. 2, 2018: 233–237 DOI: 10.22146/jpti.35321 Short Communication First Record: A Stem and Bulb Plant Parasitic Nematode at Garlic Area Centre Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia with Species Reference to Ditylenchus dipsaci Catatan Pertama: Nematoda Parasit Batang dan Umbi pada Sentra Bawang di Temanggung, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia yang Mengarah ke Spesies Ditylenchus dipsaci Siwi Indarti1,2)*, Siti Subandiyah1), Arif Wibowo1),, & Miftahul Ajri1) 1)Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Flora No.1 Bulaksumur, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55281 2)Agrotechnology Innovation Centre, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jln. Tanjungtirto, Kalitirto, Berbah, Sleman, Yogyakarta 55573 *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Received: May 7, 2018; accepted August 31, 2018 ABSTRACT A survey to investigate the stem and bulb plant parasitic nematode at one of garlic area centre, in Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia was conducted from January to February 2018. Infected plant with specific symptoms, morphological and morphometric characters both of female and male of adult nematodes were used to describe a A1 quarantine plant parasitic nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Seven from nine observed locations were postively infected with population in average 2.67 nematodes per 100 g of soil and 2.67–189.33 per bulb. This is the first report of D. dipsaci from Indonesia and consequently further investigations were needed to know their distribution and also to confirm the origin of the nematode. Keywords: a bulb nematode, garlic, new report INTISARI Survei keberadaan nematoda parasit batang dan umbi dilakukan pada bulan Januari–Februari 2018 pada satu sentra penangkaran bawang putih di Temanggung, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. -
Nematology Training Manual
NIESA Training Manual NEMATOLOGY TRAINING MANUAL FUNDED BY NIESA and UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI, CROP PROTECTION DEPARTMENT CONTRIBUTORS: J. Kimenju, Z. Sibanda, H. Talwana and W. Wanjohi 1 NIESA Training Manual CHAPTER 1 TECHNIQUES FOR NEMATODE DIAGNOSIS AND HANDLING Herbert A. L. Talwana Department of Crop Science, Makerere University P. O. Box 7062, Kampala Uganda Section Objectives Going through this section will enrich you with skill to be able to: diagnose nematode problems in the field considering all aspects involved in sampling, extraction and counting of nematodes from soil and plant parts, make permanent mounts, set up and maintain nematode cultures, design experimental set-ups for tests with nematodes Section Content sampling and quantification of nematodes extraction methods for plant-parasitic nematodes, free-living nematodes from soil and plant parts mounting of nematodes, drawing and measuring of nematodes, preparation of nematode inoculum and culturing nematodes, set-up of tests for research with plant-parasitic nematodes, A. Nematode sampling Unlike some pests and diseases, nematodes cannot be monitored by observation in the field. Nematodes must be extracted for microscopic examination in the laboratory. Nematodes can be collected by sampling soil and plant materials. There is no problem in finding nematodes, but getting the species and numbers you want may be trickier. In general, natural and undisturbed habitats will yield greater diversity and more slow-growing nematode species, while temporary and/or disturbed habitats will yield fewer and fast- multiplying species. Sampling considerations Getting nematodes in a sample that truly represent the underlying population at a given time requires due attention to sample size and depth, time and pattern of sampling, and handling and storage of samples. -
Susceptibility of Different Plant Species to Two Populations of Ditylenchus Dipsaci Kühn, 1857 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) from Tu
Türk. entomol. derg., 2021, 45 (1): 77-86 ISSN 1010-6960 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16970/entoted.795993 E-ISSN 2536-491X Original article (Orijinal araştırma) Susceptibility of different plant species to two populations of Ditylenchus dipsaci Kühn, 1857 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) from Turkey1 Farklı bitki türlerinin Türkiye’den iki Ditylenchus dipsaci Kühn, 1857 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) popülasyonuna hassasiyetleri Elif YAVUZASLANOGLU2* Gamze AKSAY3 Abstract Stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci Kühn, 1857 (Tylenchida: Anguinidae), is one of the most important plant parasitic nematodes worldwide. The host range of local populations needs to be determined for control using crop rotation. Susceptibility of 29 plant species was tested for onion and garlic populations of D. dipsaci from Central Anatolian Plateau in Turkey under growth chamber conditions in Karaman in 2019. Based on the reproduction factor of the nematodes, garlic, onion and tomato were excellent hosts for both populations of D. dipsaci. Pea and spinach were excellent hosts for the onion population, while good host for the garlic population with cucumber a good host for both populations. Eggplant, pepper and zucchini were identified as poor hosts for both nematode populations. Bean and potato were poor hosts for the onion population, and were non-hosts for the garlic population. Alfalfa, barley, carrot, chickpea, daffodil, hyacinth, kale, leek, lettuce, maize, melon, oat, rye, strawberry, sugar beet, tobacco, tulip and wheat were non-hosts for both populations of D. dipsaci. Infection with D. dipsaci significantly reduced plant weight of onion and tomato, and plant height of pepper. Rotational crops for use in areas infected with D.