Technion - Institute of Technology Grand Water Research Institute Rabin Desalination Laboratory Chemical Engineering Department

Water- Needs, Research and Capability At the Technion

Prof. Raphael Semiat

1 UN Report The Global Need for Water ¾Water shortage have reached crisis Proportion in many parts of the world: ™Estimated 1.5 billion people do not have access to adequate supplies of safe water •Estimated 10,000 people die every day and thousands more suffer from a range of debilitating illnesses due to water related diseases •This includes estimated 2.2 million child death annually ¾Availability of fresh water resources is fixed ™Per capita availability continues to decrease as •Population increases •Developing countries improve their quality of life and level of industrialization •Salinity levels in many fresh water aquifers increases 2 RDL GWRI Technion 3 2025

2025 3B 2004 2004

Water deficiency 2004 , 2002 l 1.5B et a r le : Seck ce r Sou USA Bureau of Reclamation

4 RDL GWRI Technion Global The desalination market is set to grow at an average annual rate of 12% until

2010 according to a )

d 35

forecast to be published in /

3

November new edition of m

the Desalination Market n 30

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Report. This will take total i M

installed desalination ( 25

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capacity to 63 million m3/d i c

by 2010, compared to 40 a 20 p

million m3/d today. It is a World capacity C

expected to reach 94 15 Persian Gulf

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million m3/d by 2015. t

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D

w e 0 N 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 5 RO DESALINATION PLANTS Desalination FOR WATER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PILOT PLANTS

Sites TANINIM (1997) MIZPE SHALEM (1983) BRACKISH (SURFACE) WATER 50 m3/day ASHDOD (1988) Haifa (1988) MEDITERRANEAN SEA 50 m 3/day (1986) (1994) 50 m3 /day Large plants: NEOT HAKIKAR (1982) Ceasarea 50 m 3/day RO DESALINATION PLANTS FOR WATER Hadera (100+) EIDAN (1983) QUALITY 50 m 3/day IMPROVEMENT KFAR DAROM (1989) EIN YAHAV (1992) Ashdod (45) 50 m3/day Jerusalem 50 m 3/day Ashdod NAHAL MORAG (1991) LOTAN (1983) Palmahim (30) 50 m3/day 50 m 3/day BEER ORA (1983) (1979) 50 m3/day 50 m3/day BeerSheva (1986) KTURA (1983) Brackish inland (50) 3 50 m /day 50 m3/day

GROFIT (1974) 3 Ashkelon (100) RO DESALINATION 50 m /day PLANTS FOR WATER SUPPLY (1973) 50 m3/day MAAGAN MICHAEL (1994) Ktziot (3) 1,200 m3/day MAALE SHACHARUT (1985) 50 m 3/day BW - SABHA "A" (1978) 3 25,500 m /day ELIPAZ (1983) 50 m3/day BW - SABHA "B" (1993) Tenders - BOOT 10,000 m 3/day SAMAR (1979) 50 m3/day projects for 25 years SW - SABHA "C" (1997) 3 10,000 m /day Eilat SDE UVDA 1 (1979) 250 m3/day (RESERV.) 6 SDE UVDA 2 (1980) 500 m3/day (RESERV.) 6 Ashkelon Plant

On Sept 2006 completed first 100 Million m3

7 Man made polluted waters: Industrial, agriculture and urban effluents Cooperation – UNSW, Victoria, UCLA, Technion

Straining Modern Sewage Treatment

Sludge/ solids treatment Secondary Adsorption treatment

Micro/Ultra- Energy Compost MBR Filtration

Reverse-Osmosis Polishing Concentrate disposal or Nano-Filtration 8 RDL GWRI Technion Driving Forces for Desalination R&D RelatedNeed for WaterDocuments Global need, Industry, Agriculture, Remote Locations, Desertification, Etc. Cost Difference - (Industry/Urban - Agriculture) Cost Difference - (Thermal Processes - Membrane Processes) Technologies for Export

9 RDL GWRI Technion 9 The problem

Bathymetric and Satellite Map of the Sea of Galilee. Ben Avraham Zvi, Amit Gideon and Golan Arik (contour interval 1 m) Energy Canals Med – Dead

Red - Dead

The Grand Water Research Institute: Mission Statement

• The Stephen and Nancy Grand Water Research Institute at the Technion operates as the Israeli national institute for research in the science, technology, engineering and management of water resources • The mission of the GWRI, established in 1993, is to be a center of excellence of international caliber, the leading water research institute in Israel • The GWRI concentrates in particular on topics of relevance and importance to Israel Membership and Collaboration

• 54 members from 7 Faculties of the Technion • 6 professors from other universities • Participation in projects: from universities, research institutes, agencies, government ministries, industry, private sector Major Research Areas • Water Treatment • Desalination • Treatment and reuse of wastewater • Preservation of water quality and quantity in the sources • Hydrology – quantity and quality • Water and environmental microbiology • Management in and of the urban water sector • Water resources management and policy