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Jenis-Jenis Makrozoobentos Di Batang Nareh Korong Bukit Gonggang Kecamatan V Koto Kampung Dalam Kabupaten Padang Pariaman

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Jenis-Jenis Makrozoobentos Di Batang Nareh Korong Bukit Gonggang Kecamatan V Koto Kampung Dalam Kabupaten Padang Pariaman JENIS-JENIS MAKROZOOBENTOS DI BATANG NAREH KORONG BUKIT GONGGANG KECAMATAN V KOTO KAMPUNG DALAM KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN Nora Ramadhan1, Ismed Wahidi2, Ria Kasmeri2 1Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat 2Dosen Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi STKIPPGRI Sumatera Barat [email protected] ABSTRACT Macrozoobenthos is animal benthos which has big size, live on the ground of river, digging, and creeping. Macrozoobenthos is used as bioindicator in the waters because Macrozoobenthos can stay in a placefor a long time. Batang Nareh is a waters which is located at Bukit Gonggang Kecamatan V Koto Kampung Dalam Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Batang Nareh waters is used as public occupation such as sand mining and stone taking. The research had done in january 2017 which has purpose to know the kind of Macrozoobenthos at Batang Nareh Bukit Gonggang Kecamatan V koto Kampung Dalam. This research is conducted at Batang Nareh on january 2017 by using a survey descriptive method. Sampling technique of Macrozoobenthos is purpose sampling. The maesuring of environment factors, conducted in the field. Meanwhile in measuring of total suspended solid (TSS) is conducted in UPTD. Based on the result on the research, the researcher got 2 classes, 3 Ordo, 3 Family, and 4 Species. Species founded is Melanoides sp, Neritina natalensis, Clithon corona, dan Chironomus sp. Physic cheminal condition’s waters is in normal range, these are is temperature 30 – 31 oC, pH 6,8 - 7, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) 6,09 – 6,77 mg/L, total suspended solid (TSS) 5,9 mg/L – 8 mg/L. Keywords: Macrozoobenthos and Batang Nareh PENDAHULUAN lingkungan yang ada di sekitarnya Sungai merupakan suatu (Suwondo, Febrita, dan Alpusari, bentuk ekosistem akuatik yang 2004). Sungai sebagai salah satu mempunyai peranpenting dalam badan perairan sangat dipengaruhi daur hidrologi dan berfungsi sebagai oleh banyak faktor, baik oleh faktor daerah tangkapan air (catchment alam maupun aktifitas manusia. area) bagi daerah sekitarnya. Adanya masukan limbah atau Sehingga kondisi suatu sungai sampah dari kegiatan manusia di sangat berhubungan dengan sekitar badan sungai secara karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh langsung atau tidak langsung dapat mempengaruhi kondisi fisika dan perairan yang ada pada Batang kimia air sungai yang akhirnya Nareh. Batang Nareh merupakan dapat mempengaruhi kehidupan perairan yang terletak di Korong biota dalam sungai tersebut (Putra, Bukik Gonggang Kecamatan V 2012). Salah satu biota perairan Koto Kampung Dalam Kabupaten yang hidup dalam sungai tersebut Padang Pariaman. Batang Nareh adalah makrozoobentos. dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk pengambilan batu dan pertambangan Makrozoobentos baik pasir menggunakan mesin dompeng. digunakan sebagai bioindikator Kegiatan tersebut baik langsung disuatu perairan karena habitat atau tidak langsung dapat hidupnya relatif menetap. Perubahan menimbulkan dampak negatif kualitas air dan substrat hidupnya terhadap kualitas perairan sangat mempengaruhi kelimpahan diantaranya perubahan faktor fisika- dan keanegaragaman kimia perairan dan kondisi substrat makrozoobentos (Sinaga,2009). perairan. Substrat merupakan faktor Komponen lingkungan baik yang utama yang mempengaruhi biotik maupun abiotik kehidupan, perkembangan dan mempengaruhi kelimpahan dan keanekaragaman hewan keanegaragaman biota air yang ada makrozoobentos. Hal ini berasal dari pada suatu perairan, sehingga erosi kegiatan penambangan pasir tingginya kelimpahan individu baik yang dilakukan di dalam badan setiap jenis dapat dipakai untuk sungai maupun dilakukan didaerah menilai kualitas suatu perairan. sempadan sungai. Namun kegiatan Perairan yang berkualitas baik lain tentu juga memberikan biasanya memiliki keanegaragaman kontribusi terhadap tingkat jenis yang tinggi dan sebaliknya kejernihan air. pada perairan yang tercemar (Fachrul, 2007). Berdasarkan penelitian telah dilakukan Sinaga (2009) tentang Sejauh ini belum diketahui “Keanegaragaman Makrozoobentos jenis makrozoobentos dan kualitas Sebagai Indikator Kualitas Perairan survey deskriptif dengan Danau Toba” ditemukan yaitu 21 menetapkan tiga stasiun penelitian. jenis tertinggi Gastropoda diikuti Stasiun I berdasarkan aliran sungai dengan jenis Insekta, Oligochaeta, tempat pengambilan batu Hirudinae, dan Crustaceae. substratnya berbatu dan kerikil, Penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh Stasiun II di aliran sungai setelah Lestari (2015) tentang “Jenis-Jenis pengambilan batu substrat nya Makrozoobentos yang terdapat di berpasir dan berbatu, Stasiun III Hutan Magrove Pantai Maligi pada aliran sungai pengambilan Kabupaten Pasaman Barat” pasir dengan menggunakan mesin ditemukan 11 spesies, 8 genus, 3 Dompeng dengan substrat pasir. Familia, 3 ordo, 2 kelas, dengan Pada stasiun I dan II sampel diambil jumlah individu 259. Maka menggunakan alat surbet net dan sehubungan dengan itu telah kuas halus, karna perairannya dilakukan penelitian mengenai dangkal dan berbatu, sedangkan jenis-jenis makrozoobentos yang stasiun III menggunakan Ekman ditemukan di Batang Nareh Korong Grap karena perairannya dalam dan Bukit Gonggang Kecematan V koto subsrat perpasir. Identifikasi sampel Kampung Dalam. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan Laboratorium Zoologi ini untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis STKIP PGRI Padang Sumatera Makrozoobentos yang ada di Batang Barat. Nareh Korong Bukit Gonggang HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Kecematan V koto Kampung Berdasarkan hasil penelitian Dalam. didapatkan 2 Kelas, 3 Ordo, 3 METODE PENELITIAN Famili, dan 4 spesies. Spesies yang ditemukan Melanoides sp, Neritina Penelitian ini dilakukan natalensis, Clithon corona, dan dengan menggunakan metode Chironomus sp. Tabel 1. Makrozoobentos yang ditemukan Batang Nareh kecamatan V Koto Kampung Dalam kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Kelas Ordo/Famili Genus Spesies Stasiun Total 1 2 3 Gastropoda 1. Sorbeoconcha Melanoides Melanoides sp 9 7 0 16 Thiaridae 2. Cycloneritimorpha Neritina Neritina natalensis 0 4 0 4 Neritidae Clithon Clithon corona 4 0 0 4 Inseckta 3. Diptera Chironomus Chironomus sp 0 0 8 8 Chiromidae Berdasarkan Tabel 1 diperoleh Spesies Melanoides sp jenis Makrozoobentos yang ditemukan pada stasiun 1 dan 2, ditemukan pada Batang Nareh substrat pada stasiun ini berbatu, Korong Bukik Gonggang terdiri 2 kerikil dan perairan yang jernih dan Kelas, 3 Ordo, 3 Famili, dan 4 bersih, individu ini kebanyakan spesies. melekat pada batuan. Spesies ini banyak ditemukan dibandingkan Spesies terbanyak ditemukan spesies lainnya yaitu 16 individu. pada Familia Neritidae yaitu 2 Banyaknya jumlah individu yang spesies, selanjutnya Familia Thiaridae ditemukan pada melanoides ini yaitu 1 spesies, Familia Diptera 1 karena kondisi perairan yang spesies. Pada stasiun 1 dan 2 banyak mendukung bagi kehidupan hewan ditemukan Melanoides sp dengan ini, seperti substrat dasar berbatu, jumlah individu 16, spesies ini hidup kerikil dan perairan bersih. Menurut menempel pada berbatuan dan kerikil Fadhilah (2013) Melanoides sp dengan aliran air yang deras. Selain menyukai habitat air beraliran agak Melonoides sp ditemukan famili dari deras serta bagian dasar yang Neritidae yaitu Neritina natalensis, berlumpur, sehingga pada siput ini dan Clithon corona dengan jumlah 8 hamper semua habitat dapat individu Berbeda dengan stasiun III dihuninya. hanya ditemukan 1 spesies dengan jumlah individu 8 yaitu Chironomus Famili Neritidae pada stasiun sp yang hidup di pasir dan lumpur. 1 ditemukan jenisnya Neritina natalensis dan Clithon corona dengan jumlah masing-masing 4 individu, tidak ditemukan spesies Chironomus kondisi stasiun 1 ini berbatu, kerikil sp ini, karena perairan pada stasiun 1 ditepian dan memiliki perairan dan 2 bersih dan dangkal.Sinaga dangkal. Pada tepi stasiun 1 terdapat (2009) menyatakan kehadiran insekta vegetasi di area stasiun. Sehingga yang diwakili oleh Chironomus sp jenis dari Neritidae ini hanya perairan ini telah terjadi tekanan atau ditemukan pada stasiun 1. Menurut pencemaran. Faktor-faktor yang Mujiono (2016), Neritidae merupakan menyebabkan adanya perbedaan gastropoda yang paling primitif. jumlah individu pada setiap lokasi Neritina dan Chliton lebih menyukai pengambilan sampel yaitu faktor hidup diperairan tawar dan estuari. fisika kimia lingkungan, adapun Neritidae memiliki cangkang yang untuk faktor fisika mencakup suhu polimotrfik, dalam satu jenis dapat dan kelembaban sedangkan faktor memiliki variasi pola dan warna. kimia meliputi pH. Pada setiap lokasi Stasiun III banyak ditemukan Ordo pengambilan sampel terdapat diptera pada larva Chiromidae yaitu perbedaan dalam setiap pengukuran, Chironomus sp sebanyak 8 individu. akan tetapi perbedaan tersebut tidak Stasiun ini memiliki substrat pasir signifikan dan masih dalam batas karena sekitar area stasiun III terdapat toleransi kemampuan adaptasi dari penambangan pasir sekitar stasiun, jenis-jenis Makrozoobentos yang sehingga membuat perairan stasiun III terdapat pada lokasi penelitian. menjadi keruh dan dalam dengan Tabel 2. Pengukuran parameter fisika adanya penambangan pasir. Menurut kimia di Batang Nareh Bukik Gonggang Kecamatan V Koto Sihaan (2012) Chironomidae telah Kampung Dalam Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. digunakan sebagai bioindikator kualitas air sungai untuk menentukan No Pameter Stasiun tingkat pencemaran akibat Pengamatan I II III 1. Suhu (oC) 31 30 30 pencemaran organik. Chironomidae 2. pH 6,9 7,0 6,8 akan melimpah di air sungai dengan 3. DO (mg/l) 6,77 6,09 6,43 4. Zat padat 6 8 5,9 pencemaran sedang. Stasiun I dan II tersuspensi Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran Kampung Dalam Kabupaten Padang parameter fisika
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