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Jenis - Jenis Makrozoobentos Yang Terdapat Di Hutan Mangrove Pantai Maligi Kabupaten Pasaman Barat

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Jenis - Jenis Makrozoobentos Yang Terdapat Di Hutan Mangrove Pantai Maligi Kabupaten Pasaman Barat JENIS - JENIS MAKROZOOBENTOS YANG TERDAPAT DI HUTAN MANGROVE PANTAI MALIGI KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT ARTIKEL ILMIAH MAIRITA LESTARI NIM : 11010108 PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI SEKOLAH TINGGI KEGURUAN DAN ILMU PENDIDIKAN (STKIP) PGRI SUMATERA BARAT PADANG 2015 JENIS – JENIS MAKROZOOBENTOS YANG TERDAPAT DI HUTAN MANGROVE PANTAI MALIGI KABUPATEN PASAMAN BARAT Mairita Lestari*, Ismed Wahidi *, Abizar * * Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat [email protected] ABSTRACT Macrozoobenthos is one of group in benthic animals macro sized, life in the bottom waters, sessile life, crawling or digging holes. Macrozoobenthos almost was found in all types of waters including Mangroves forest. Mangroves forest are located in a few regencies, West Sumatera. One of them is Mangroves forest which is in Maligi Beach, West Pasaman. The purpose of research is to know kinds of Macrozoobenthos related chemical physical factors of Mangroves forest waters at Maligi Beach, West Pasaman. This research was done in August until September 2015 by descriptive survey method. In this research is found 11 kinds of Macrozoobenthos consist of 11 Species, eight Genus, three Family, three Ordo, two Class and one Filum with 295 Individuals, each species is Telescopium telescopium, Terebralia palustris, Neritina turrita, Neritina sp., Neritodryas dubia, Cerithidea cingulata, Cerithidea quadrata, Faunus ater, Nerita picea, Neritina natalensis and Polymesoda bengalensis. Chemical physical factor of waters is gotten that water temperature ranges between 28 – 30 oC, pH – 7, substance of substrate C organic ranges between 1,8 – 3,65 % and Dissolved Oxygent ranges between 6,43 – 7,11 mg/L. Keywords : Macrozoobenthos, Mangroves PENDAHULUAN dimakan oleh pemakan daun, dan selebihnya masuk kedalam sistem aliran energi sebagai Bentos merupakan organisme yang bahan pelapukan atau bahan organik yang mati. melekat atau beristirahat pada dasar atau hidup Kemudian menurut Saparinto (2007) ketika di dasar endapan, ada yang pemakan penyaring gugur ke permukaan substrat, serasah yang (seperti kerang) dan ada yang pemakan deposit banyak mengandung unsur hara tersebut tidak (seperti siput) (Odum, 1971). Semula Bentos langsung mengalami pelapukan atau hanya digolongkan sebagai Fitobentos dan pembusukan oleh Mikroorganisme, tetapi Zoobentos, tetapi Hutchinson (1976) dalam memerlukan bantuan hewan-hewan yang Fachrul (2006) menggolongkan Bentos disebut Makrozoobentos, dalam hal ini berdasarkan ukurannya, yaitu Bentos Makrozoobentos berperan dalam mikroskopis atau dikenal dengan sebutan keberlangsungan aliran energi ekosistem hutan Mikrobentos, dan Makrobentos yang berukuran Mangrove dan penyedia hara bagi pohon- lebih besar. pohon Mangrove maupun bagi Makrozoobentos memiliki hubungan yang Makrozoobentos itu sendiri. erat dengan ekosistem hutan mangrove. Berdasarkan wawancara dengan warga Menurut Saparinto (2007) mangrove adalah sekitar hutan mangrove dan hasil observasi, vegetasi hutan yang tumbuh diantara garis diketahui bahwa Kawasan hutan mangrove pasang surut, tumbuhan yang hidup diantara pantai Maligi berbatasan langsung dengan laut dan daratan, sehingga hutan mangrove pemukiman penduduk dan berada dekat dengan dinamakan juga hutan pasang. Keberadaan lahan kebun masyarakat sekitar. Penduduk biota Makrozoobentos di area hutan mangrove yang berada di kawasan ini sebagian besar memiliki peranan yang penting, yakni sebagai membuang sampah rumah tangga, bahkan pengurai serasah (daun-daun) yang menumpuk sampah kebun mereka ke kawasan hutan ini. di area hutan mangrove, karena seperti yang Sampah yang dibuang tersebut kebanyakan dikatakan oleh Anwar (1984), daun-daun yang berupa sampah anorganik seperti sampah- menumpuk tersebut kira-kira hanya 7% yang sampah plastik yang mengendap. Selain itu ada beberapa bagian hutan Mangrove yang sudah kertas pH indikator dan termometer alkohol, ditebang untuk diambil kayunya. sedangkan bahan yang dibutuhkan adalah Sampah anorganik yang mengendap larutan MnSo4 dan larutan NaOH (dalam KI). tersebut merupakan bahan pencemar yang Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode akan menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap survey deskriptif. Pengambilan sampel pada ekosistem dan biota pesisir dan lautan termasuk masing-masing stasiun dilakukan secara di dalamnya ekosistem mangrove. Bahan purposive random sampling. Stasiun satu, pencemar akan menutupi biota pesisir dan laut yakni bagian hutan mangrove yang dekat terutama yang hidup di dasar perairan (bentos), dengan pemukiman masyarakat. Stasiun dua, Dahuri (2003) dalam Kordi (2012). Dari sini merupakan bagian hutan mangrove yang dekat dapat dilihat bahwasannya keadaan yang dengan lahan kebun warga, dan stasiun tiga seperti ini akan mempengaruhi keadaan yaitu hutan mangrove yang sudah ditebang. substrat hutan mangrove yang ada dan akan Jarak antara stasiun 1 dengan stasiun 2 adalah berpengaruh juga terhadap keberadaan hewan- ± 300 meter, sedangkan jarak antara stasiun 2 hewan Makrozoobentos, karena menurut dengan stasiun 3 adalah ± 1000 meter. Anwar (1984) penyebaran fauna makro Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan dipengaruhi oleh substrat. menggunakan petakan kuadrat yang terbuat Pantai Maligi memiliki wilayah laut yang dari kayu dengan ukuran 30 x 30 cm dan cukup luas dan potensi perikanan yang cukup diletakkan pada setiap stasiun sesuai dengan besar, namun saat ini informasi sumber daya zona yang telah ditentukan. Sampel di ambil kelautan di perairan pantai Maligi kabupaten dengan cara menggali substrat sedalam 15 cm Pasaman Barat sangat sedikit dan terbatas. pada saat pasang surut air laut. Kemudian Kebanyakan masyarakat kurang sampel ditampung dengan ember lalu di memperhatikan keberadaan hewan-hewan masukkan ke dalam kantung plastik dan diberi Makrozoobentos yang berada di sekitar label. Setelah itu sampel dibersihkan dan perairan ini, khususnya pada kawasan hutan dimasukkan kedalam botol sampel lalu diberi mangrove, padahal seperti yang kita ketahui alkohol 70 %. Makrozoobentos merupakan biota mangrove Identifikasi sampel dilakukan di yang saling berpengaruh dengan vegetasi hutan laboratorium Zoologi Pendidikan Biologi mangrove dan keberadaannya perlu pelestarian. STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. Menyadari akan hal ini dan semua uraian Pengidentifikasian dilakukan sampai kepada diatas, maka telah dilakukan penelitian tentang tingkat spesies berdasarkan bentuk morfologi jenis-jenis Makrozoobentos yang terdapat di dari Makrozoobentos dengan berpedoman hutan mangrove Pantai Maligi kabupaten kepada buku-buku literatur atau buku acuan Pasaman Barat. dan jurnal yaitu karangan Carpenter dan Niem (1998), Abbott dan Dance (2000), Roberts, BAHAN DAN METODE Soemodihardjo dan Kastoro (1982) dan Oemarjati dan Wardhana (1990). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Agustus sampai dengan September 2015 di hutan HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Mangrove Pantai Maligi Kabupaten Pasaman Barat. Alat-alat yang dibutuhkan dalam Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah penelitian ini adalah meteran, petakan kuadrat dilakukan maka didapatkan jenis dari kayu, ayakan tepung, gunting, karet Makrozoobentos yang terdiri dari satu Filum gelang, kertas label, tissue, sekop, ember, Moluska, dua Kelas, tiga Ordo, tiga Familia, kantung plastik, sarung tangan, pipet tetes, delapan Genus dan 11 Spesies. Secara lebih botol sampel air, botol sampel, Caliper, baki, rinci jenis - jenis tersebut dapat dilihat pada kamera digital, buku identifikasi, alat tulis, Tabel berikut ini: Jenis-jenis Makrozoobentos Yang Terdapat Di Hutan Mangrove Pantai Maligi Kabupaten Pasaman Barat Familia Genus Spesies Stasiun JI I II III 1. Faunus 1. Faunus ater Linnaeus 2 1 2 5 2. Telescopium 2. Telescopium telescopium Linnaeus 15 6 16 37 1. Potamididae 3. Terebralia 3. Terebralia palustris Linnaeus 9 2 2 13 4. Cerithidea 4. Cerithidea cingulata Gmelin 22 12 105 139 5. Cerithidea quadrata Sowerby 0 8 0 8 5. Neritina 6. Neritina sp. 0 1 0 1 7. Neritina turrita Gmelin 27 17 10 54 8. Neritina natalensis Reeve 0 2 0 2 2. Neritidae 6. Nerita 9. Nerita picea Recluz 6 6 0 12 7. Neritodryas 10. Neritodryas dubia Gmelin 3 0 0 3 3. Curbiculidae 8. Polymesoda 11. Polymesoda bengalensis Lamarck 6 13 2 21 Jumlah 90 68 137 295 Keterangan : JI = Jumlah Individu Hasil Pengukuran Faktor Fisika Kimia Perairan Hutan Mangrove Pantai Maligi Stasiun Suhu pH Kandungan C D. O Air (oC) Organik Substrat (mg/L) (%) 1 28 7 3, 65 6,77 2 28 7 3,6 7,11 3 30 7 1,8 6,43 Makrozoobentos yang ditemukan palustris, Neritina turrita, Cerithidea pada ke tiga stasiun penelitian berjumlah 11 cingulata, Faunus ater, Neritina natalensis jenis, yaitu Telescopium telescopium, dan Polymesoda bengalensis, sedangkan Terebralia palustris, Neritina turrita, pada stasiun dua dan tiga juga terdapat jenis- Neritina sp., Neritodryas dubia, Cerithidea jenis tersebut, kemudian Neritodryas dubia cingulata, Cerithidea quadrata, Faunus pada stasiun dua dan tiga tidak ditemukan, ater, Nerita picea, Neritina natalensis dan sedangkan pada stasiun satu ditemukan. Polymesoda bengalensis. Jenis - jenis Kemudian Neritina sp., Cerithidea quadrata Makrozoobentos tersebut sebagian besar dan Nerita picea ditemukan pada stasiun merupakan kelas Gastropoda. Menurut dua, sedangkan pada stasiun satu dan stasiun Anwar (1984) pantai hutan mangrove tiga tidak ditemukan. Perbedaan tersebut dikuasai oleh Gastropoda (siput) dan diduga disebabkan oleh adanya beberapa kepiting. Penguasaan oleh siput dan kepiting spesies yang tergolong spesies pengunjung. sebagian besar di sebabkan oleh keadaan Beberapa spesies tersebut adalah Neritina hutan mangrove yang unik,
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