doi:10.12741/ebrasilis.v8i3.524 e-ISSN 1983-0572 Publicação do Projeto Entomologistas do Brasil www.ebras.bio.br Distribuído através da Creative Commons Licence v4.0 (BY-NC-ND) Copyright © EntomoBrasilis Copyright © do(s) Autor(es)

Description of a Neotropical New Species of Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) Carina Mara de Souza & Maria Lígia Paseto

Universidade Estadual de Campinas, e-mail: [email protected] (Autor para correspondência), [email protected]. ______

EntomoBrasilis 8 (3): 222-225 (2015)

Registered in ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CDE87122-53B3-4A09-B228-A4DCD87BDE3C Nomenclatural Acts: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0851654B-8EFB-4471-9E0A-EE00AFADB060 Abstract. A new species of Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from Brazil is described based on male specimens. This is a mainly Neotropical genus of flesh , with few species also present in Nearctic, Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Its species have been associated with decomposing organic matter (feces of mammals or birds – dung-breeders species) and have potential forensic importance when associated with carcasses (attracted fauna and, in some cases, true carrion-breeding species). Digital photographs of the habitus in lateral view and of the terminalia in lateral, posterior and ventral views are provided. Oxysarcodexia mineirensis sp. n. is close-related to “Xarcophaga species-group” (i.e. with a postero-distal phallic enlargement) and is similar to Oxysarcodexia favorabilis (Lopes, 1935) due to the conformation of the terminalia, especially the phallus flower-like shaped.

Keywords: Brazil, Flesh ; Morphology; Oxysarcodexia mineirensis sp. n.;

Descrição de Uma Nova Espécie Neotropical de Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Resumo. Uma nova espécie de Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) é descrita com base em espécimes machos. As espécies deste gênero de sarcofagídeos apresentam distribuição majoritariamente Neotropical, com algumas espécies ocorrendo também nas regiões Neártica, Australásia e Oceânica. As espécies deste gênero podem ser encontradas associadas à matéria orgânica em decomposição (fezes de mamíferos ou aves – espécies coprófilas) e podem apresentar importância forense quando associadas a carcaças (fauna atraída e, em alguns casos, espécies que se criam). Fotografias digitais do hábito em vista lateral e da terminália em vistas lateral, posterior e ventral são apresentadas. Oxysarcodexia mineirensis sp. n. pertence ao “grupo Xarcophaga” (i.e. possui o falo alargado postero-distalmente) e contém similaridades com Oxysarcodexia favorabilis (Lopes, 1935) devido à conformação da terminália, especialmente o formato do falo, semelhante a uma flor.

Palavras-chave: Brasil, Morfologia; Oxysarcodexia mineirensis sp. n.; Sarcofagídeo; Taxonomia.

______xysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) faunistic studies performed in the Neotropical region, especially comprises 83 species (Pa p e 1996; So a r e s & Me l l o - in South America (e.g. Li n h a r e s 1981; D’Al m e i d a 1984; Di a s et al. Pa t i u 2010) with mainly Neotropical distribution, but 1984; Ol i v e i r a -Co s t a et al. 2001; Ba r r o s et al. 2008; Ro s a et al. few species also expanding their occurrence to the Nearctic, 2011; Me l l o -Pa t i u et al. 2014). Australasian and Oceanian regions (Lo p e s 1973; Lo p e s & Ti b a n a 1987; Pa p e 1996). This genus is considered monophyletic based Xarcophaga was proposed as a monotypic genus by Do dg e (1968), Taxonomia e Sistemática on the autapomorphic character: presence of a lateral triangular with the description of Xarcophaga xon Dodge, 1968, which extension of the phallic tube (“tooth-like”) above the vesica was considered different of Oxysarcodexia due to the presence (Gi r o u x et al. 2010). Species within Oxysarcodexia genus are of an elongated and slender phallus, with an apical distiphallic recognized by the presence of postalar wall setose; mid femur enlargement. After that, Lo p e s (1975) re-examined some species, of the males with ctenidium of flattened spines; darkish tegula re-described O. pallisteri Dodge, 1966 and synonymized X. xon and lighter basicosta (commonly light brown); male sternite 5 with Oxysarcodexia, considering these species morphologically (ST5) deeply cleft with almost parallel branches (few exceptions close to Oxysarcodexia favorabilis (Lopes, 1935) and of V-shaped branches); phallus unsegmented, with three Oxysarcodexia vittata (Walker, 1836). He also recommended an conducting styli and a “tooth-like” extension of the phallic tube analysis of the females of these species in order to confirm the above the vesica; and vesica elongated, conspicuous, and always existence of these two separated genera. This relationship between well developed (Lo p e s 1946; Do dg e 1966; Pa p e 1996; Ca r v a l h o & Xarcophaga and Oxysarcodexia was also pointed out by So a r e s Me l l o -Pa t i u 2008; Si l v a & Me l l o -Pa t i u 2008). & Me l l o -Pa t i u (2010). Oxysarcodexia, Xarcophaga, Apelophyla Hall and Hybopygia Enderlein were considered distinct valid Species of Oxysarcodexia are important from the ecological genera by Lo p e s (1982). Posteriorly, they were united within standpoint by acting as decomposers of organic material, as Oxysarcodexia by Pa p e (1996). On the moment, the “Xarcophaga feces of mammals or birds (dung-breeders) and carcasses species-group”, i.e., the species with a characteristic enlarged (some species are true carrion-breeders, but the great majority apex of the distiphallus, here considered as a distal enlargement composes the attracted fauna) (Pa p e & Da h l e m 2010; Ca r v a l h o et al. 2012). Thus, these flesh flies are very frequent in forensic and Funding Agency: CNPq www.periodico.ebras.bio.br 223 external characters and characters external species-group”. that resembles terminalia presented by male the species Its considered belonging illustrated. to the and “Xarcophaga described of species new A htgah wr tkn ih xedd et-ou ad were and stacked using Zerene Stacker depth-focus extended with taken were photographs al es Sei SV11 Stemi Zeiss Carl stereomicroscope a under examined were specimens male Five 1946, Lopes, fraterna Oxysarcodexia includes juxta, the of ZE) Uiesdd Etda d Cmia, apns São Campinas, Paulo, Brazil,asposteriorlystatedforeachspecimen. Campinas, de Zoologia Estadual Cardoso” de Universidade José “Adão (ZUEC), Museu Campinas and de Estadual Brazil, Universidade Rio Janeiro, da do de Rio of Federal Janeiro, Universidade collections de (MNRJ), the Nacional in Museu pinned the deposited are specimens Type comments aboutthelabeldataweregiveninsquarebrackets. slash (/) was used to separate individual labels and any additional new species was transcribed without any modification; a forward dgtl aea al es AICM MRc AXIOCAM Zeiss Carl camera digital using views a posterior and anterior, lateral, in terminalia male the of and habitus lateral the of taken were photographs Digital curvature ofthespecimens. eventual any by caused bias offset to order in length), terminalia plus 5 tergite of margin posterior the to 2 tergite abdominal of margin of the scutellum) and abdomen (from the anterior margin body considering the antennae), thorax (from the neck the to the posterior of Measurement terminalia. of thehead(without was obtainedbyincludingthelength length male for (2010) al. et 1975; S vi te ercin f h triai utl h seies dry specimens the (P until terminalia the of entomological retraction the an avoid to set of were pins aid entomological fine and/or the minuten and with probe out pulled was terminalia .. aeo LS Fra dt o cleto nt vial] / available] not collection of [date Oxysarcodexia sp.n. Faria Glória. L.S. & do Paseto Experimental M.L. Fazenda Uberlândia, Gerais, Minas / available] not collection of [date Faria L.S. & Paseto M.L. Glória. do Experimental Fazenda Uberlândia, Gerais, Minas BRAZIL: & L.S. Faria / Fazenda Experimental do Glória. Mata. 25-VII-2012. M.L. Paseto Uberlândia, Gerais, Minas BRAZIL: (MNRJ). male] [1 Paratype 08 (P2). / Faria L.S. & Mata Paseto M.L. 2013. março Glória. do Experimental Fazenda Uberlândia, uh 21. .. aeo LS Fra / / Faria L.S. 26 & Paseto (P2). M.L. Mata 2012. julho Glória. do Experimental Fazenda holotype: Uberlândia, Male material. Type mounted on a Carl Zeiss STEREO DISCOVERY.V12 Adobe using needed, whenever processed, posteriorly were images The Wle, 86 and 1836) (Walker, 1973), (Lopes, peruviana Oxysarcodexia 2010, Mello-Patiu, 2010, & Mello-Patiu, & Soares Description ofaNeotropicalNewSpecies Oxysarcodexia a Holotype p e urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0851654B-8EFB-4471-9E0A- & D & ® e r a o Lightroom e l h a s &M Oxysarcodexia mineirensis Oxysarcodexia (MNRJ). Material andethods m

2010). Terminology follows Terminology 2010). o l l e p n. sp. rm ia Gri, rzl is Brazil Gerais, Minas from Oxysarcodexia ® and/or Photoshop -P Dde 16) (L 1968) (Dodge, xon Oxysarcodexia (Lopes, 1935), (Lopes, favorabilis Oxysarcodexia / Paratype[1male] (ZUEC). EE00AFADB060 u i t a xsroei pallisteri Oxysarcodexia ™ M RZL Mns Gerais, Minas BRAZIL: Paratypes: Tee ae wr pne ad the and pinned were males These . Prtp [ ml] (ZUEC). male] [1 Paratype / Results o l l e 2010 ™ sp. n. software. Label information of the -P Soares notata Oxysarcodexia u i t a ). / Paratype [1 male] (MNRJ). & P & RZL Mns Gerais, Minas BRAZIL: ® software. For each view, Oxysarcodexia Oxysarcodexia … a Oxysarcodexia xsroei nitida Oxysarcodexia Oxysarcodexia vittata Oxysarcodexia p e

M sp.n. (2000) and (2000) ™ c 5 megapixels), (5 A l og, 1966, Dodge, p ™ e n i stereoscope. (1981) for (1981) BRAZIL: / n. sp. G p n. sp. x u o r i o p e s

long as half of the phallic length, broader and lighter than the than lighter and broader length, phallic the of half as long on the apical portion, with rounded apex. Pregonite elongated, as few a with marginal triangular, black short setae. Postgonite Surstylus slender and slightly setulae. curved yellowish small very with cover surstyli and Cerci parallel. almost view posterior in cerci the of margins Inner half. basal the on setae black long and sinuous in lateral view, darker in the distal ¼, with pointed apex microtomentum and golden black with setae. Posterior yellowish margin 7+8 Epandrium of cerci setae. black slightly marginal 6 Syntergosternite short and setae, scattered -e). microtomentum, golden -d, with -c, yellowish 1-b, (Figure Terminalia a deepcleftofparalleledges. few shorter scattered setae. Sternite 5 with posterior margin with margin. Sternites 2–4 brownish, with setae along the edges and a posterior the along setae strong 13 with 5 Tergite seta. marginal marginal seta. Tergite 4 with 2−3 lateral marginal and one medial with dorsal and lateral golden spots. Tergites 2–3 with one lateral Bak ih golden with Black Abdomen. seta. posterodorsal one and Tarsomeres offore,midandhindlegsdarkbrownish. seta, preapical dorsal one setae, anterodorsal three setae, anteroventral two with tibia Hind seta. one apical anteroventral row of setae and one long posteroventral setae, posteroventral short of row a and setae posterodorsal long of row a with femur Hind seta. ventral apical long one and seta, setae, one posterodorsal seta, two posterior, one dorsal preapical setae, ctenidium with flattened spines. Mid tibia with twoposterodorsal anterior pre-apical 2 setae, anterodorsal of row one setae, one posteroventral seta. Mid femur with two rows of ventral long with tibia and posterodorsal one posterior, one and setae anterodorsal two Fore setae. of row posteroventral one and posterior one posterodorsal, one with femur Fore brownish. Dark Legs. white setulaedorsally. short with white calypteres lower and upper setae, ventral few with sector costal third short, spine-seta costal r-m, to distance dorsal and ventrally, R ventrally, and dorsal bare vein stem yellow, whitish basicosta brown, dark veins wing Wings scattered few with setulae onthedistalhalf. Prosternum one seta. basal, discal one one setae, and apical subapical no with scutellum setulae, black with wall postalar 8, = meropleurals others), the below slightly inserted one (middle 3 = katepisternals subprimaries), shorter 2 and primaries long (2 4 notopleurals others), one the than smaller (first 3 = postpronotals 2, = postalars 3, + 2 = 2, supra-alars + 2 = intra-alars 3, + 3 = dorsocentrals 1, stripes. + 0 = acrostichals black Chaetotaxy: three oval. ampulla Greater spiracles. with thoracic Brownish microtomentum Golden Thorax. with goldensetulaeapically. and brown, dark well-developed, Proboscis arista. the as long as dark brown. Vibrissa dark brown, well-developed, as and about 1.4x long as basal on 1.7–2.7x plumose long and brown dark Arista pedicel. about microtomentum, golden pale with flagellomere First brown. dark Pedicel microtomentum. golden postgena with golden microtomentum and black setae. Face with and Gena absent. setae orbital Proclinate the setae. than frontal longest longer 1.1–1.4x about seta orbital reclinate One seta. frontal uppermost the as long as setae Ocellar postoculars. the as long as 1.2–1.8x about seta vertical Outer postoculars. the as 9–10 of long as 4.7x to 3.0 from ranging seta vertical row Inner setae. frontal a with brownish, vitta Frontal triangle. ocellar level of at width head 0.10–0.11x about ranging golden Front yellowish. pale others black, setae occipital with of rows two First blackish microtomentum. Occiput with plates microtomentum. postocular golden and parafacial Fronto-orbital, Head. (n=5). Description Haie aot .x h ma bd sz, eua and tegula size, body mean the 0.8x about Hyaline, . Ml (iue -) Ttl egh 6884 mm 6.8−8.4 = length Total 1-a). (Figure Male . 1 bare, R bare, 4+5

irtmnu. egts 2–5 Tergites microtomentum. with setulae in proximal ¾ of ¾ proximal in setulae with e-ISSN 1983-0572 Souza &Paseto . Palpus ⅔. Setembro - Dezembro 2015 - www.periodico.ebras.bio.br EntomoBrasilis 8 (3) postgonite, almost straight with rounded apex (“spoon-like” Etymology. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition and shape). Phallus well-sclerotized slightly curved on the posterior refers to the type locality. margin. Phallic tube with a ventrolateral band more sclerotized. Phallic tube antero-proximally with a lateral triangular extension Remarks. These specimens were collected associated to (“tooth-like”) above the vesica. Distiphallus trumpet-shaped, pig carcasses in a region of a semi-deciduous forest located with distal membranous appearance. Juxta with membranous in a Cerrado (savannah-like) area, belonging to the Fazenda projections with folded margins. Lateral and median styli Experimental do Glória, one of the facilities of the Universidade apically positioned; median stylus long and narrow and lateral Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. stylus short and broad. Vesica well developed, sclerotized and Oxysarcodexia mineirensis sp. n. is very similar to O. favorabilis dark brown. Vesical proximal section as a lever-shaped arm, due to the conformation of the terminalia, especially the phallus proximally linked to the medio-proximal area of the phallic tube. flower-like shaped and the distal enlargement of the juxta, very Vesical distal section slender oblong-shaped with distal serrated remarkable in the “Xarcophaga species-group”. Thus, we suggest edge. the inclusion of O. mineirensis sp. n. in this species-group along Female. Unknown. with O. favorabilis, O. fraterna, O. nitida, O. notata, O. pallisteri, O. peruviana, O. vittata, and O. xon. Distribution. NEOTROPICAL – Brazil (Minas Gerais).

A B

C D E 224 Figure 1. Oxysarcodexia mineirensis sp. n., male holotype. a. habitus, lateral view, b. terminalia, lateral view, phallus in detail, c. terminalia, lateral view d. terminalia, posterior view, e. terminalia, anterior view. Abbreviations: ce = cercus; dp = distiphallus; ep = epandrium; j = juxta; ls = lateral stylus; po = postgonite; pr = pregonite; st = syntergosternite 7+8; su = surtylus; ve = vesica. e-ISSN 1983-0572 225 oe, .. 14. otiuço o ohcmno a espécies das conhecimento ao Contribuição 1946. H.S., Lopes, On 1987. Tibana, R. & and H.S. Lopes, Calliphoridae of Synanthropy 1981. A.X., Linhares, phylogeny a Towards 2010. Wheeler, T.A. & Pape T. M., Giroux, Dodge, H.R., 1968. The Sarcophagidae of Barro Colorado Island, Neotropical little-known or new Some 1966. H.R., Dodge, Dias, E.S., D.P. Neves &H.S. Lopes, 1984. sobrea Estudos fauna (Diptera) Sarcophagidae de Sinantropia 1984. J.M., D’Almeida, avlo CJB, .. aal MS Cui VC Sla 2012. Silva, V.C. & Couri M.S. Rafael, J.A. C.J.B., Carvalho, Carvalho, C.J.B. & C.A. Mello-Patiu, 2008. Key to the adults of the ars RM, .. el-ai & .. uo-u, 2008. Pujol-Luz, J.R. & Mello-Patiu C.A. R.M., Barros, this manuscript. about new comments their for Aquino de Klemm Ferrari Marina and this about discussion early Alonso, Aquiyama Marcela Thyssen, Jacqueline Patricia species; for Patiu Mello de Antunes for Mendes Júlio specimens; Cátia collection; the of accomplishment the for means the providing of collection for the Faria in de helping Silva Lucas providing equipment; for and Campinas workspace facilities, of University the author; second the to support the scholarship for (CNPq) e Tecnológico Científico Desenvolvimento de Nacional Conselho thank to like would We Available in: EntomoBrasilis, 8(3):222-225. New Neotropical of a of Species Description 2015. Paseto, M.L. & de C.M. Souza, Suggestion citation: Description ofaNeotropicalNewSpecies o gênero do de Biologia,47:329-347. 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