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(19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub US 20040209051A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. N0.: US 2004/0209051 A1 Santos et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 21, 2004 (54) CAMOUFLAGE U.S. MARINE CORPS (57) ABSTRACT UTILITY UNIFORM: PATTERN, FABRIC, A camou?age system to be used for both military uniforms AND DESIGN and equipment. The system includes specialized means of printing the camou?age system unto fabric. The system can (76) Inventors: Luisa DeMorais Santos, Franklin, MA also be used for civilian applications, particularly With (US); Deidre E. Townes, Newton, MA sportsman hunters. The system provides camou?age in both (US); Gabriel R. Patricio, Stafford, VA the human visible light range and the infrared. The system (US); Carole Ann Winterhalter, depends on the use of a macro-pattern resulting from a Marlborough, MA (US); Anabela repeat of a micro-pattern. When applied to fabric, a polya Dugas, Fall River, MA (US); Timothy mide-cotton ?ber blend has a macro pattern resulting from R. O=Neil, Fall River, MA (US); a repeat of a micro pattern printed on at least one surface. Rosemary Ann Lomba, Westport, MA The coloring system used comprises at least four colorings (US); Barbara J. Quinn, Framingham, from dyes that in combination produce a percent re?ectance MA (US) value comparable to the negative space of the surroundings near the camou?aged subject. The system functions by a Correspondence Address: macro pattern being disruptive of the shape of the subject OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH and a micro pattern comprising sharp edge units of a siZe OFFICE OF COUNSEL capable of blending the subject into the background. The 800 NORTH QUINCY STREET relative lightness values and percentages of total pattern are ARLINGTON, VA 22217-5660 (US) sufficient to produce a percent re?ectance of acceptable colors, Wet or dry in terms of lightness values compared to (21) Appl. No.: 09/986,016 current military four-color camou?age. On fabric, the results are achieved by printing A macro pattern that disrupts the (22) Filed: Nov. 7, 2001 sensed shape and a micro pattern With a repeat siZe that produces the macro pattern. The re?ectance of the material Publication Classi?cation is comparable to the negative space surrounding a subject so the subject does not appear too dark or too light (out of (51) Int. Cl.7 .......................... .. B32B 27/14; B32B 3/00; place). The variation in the lightness between Wet and dry is A41D 1/00; A41B 1/00 not greater than 17-28%, achieved during the printing pro (52) US. Cl. ............................................. .. 428/195.1;2/69 CGSS. Patent Application Publication Oct. 21, 2004 Sheet 1 0f 11 US 2004/0209051 A1 Patent Application Publication Oct. 21, 2004 Sheet 2 0f 11 US 2004/0209051 A1 6" @100% Actual Size %OOL@enslem?v“L Patent Application Publication Oct. 21, 2004 Sheet 3 0f 11 US 2004/0209051 A1 & ¢ USMC usmc U SMC USMC U SML“. VQ’HC uwc Patent Application Publication Oct. 21, 2004 Sheet 4 0f 11 US 2004/0209051 A1 4 6 as.lxtta! iliPxsiél 4 0 l'lulln:J13:IIFIII41 44 Fig. 4 Patent Application Publication Oct. 21, 2004 Sheet 5 0f 11 US 2004/0209051 A1 51 lliltlllti‘iillxnliI»rt! u a z Patent Application Publication Oct. 21, 2004 Sheet 6 0f 11 US 2004/0209051 A1 " Fig. 6 Patent Application Publication Oct. 21, 2004 Sheet 7 0f 11 US 2004/0209051 A1 45, Fig. 7 Patent Application Publication Oct. 21, 2004 Sheet 8 0f 11 US 2004/0209051 A1 Patent Application Publication Oct. 21, 2004 Sheet 9 0f 11 US 2004/0209051 A1 --_---~_-______-1 Fig. 9 Patent Application Publication Oct. 21, 2004 Sheet 10 0f 11 US 2004/0209051 A1 Fractal Dimension of Camou?age 75 ML11-Z§§,,7Lf 25%, h R2 = 0.9895 mun.) Fig. 10 Patent Application Publication Oct. 21, 2004 Sheet 11 0f 11 US 2004/0209051 A1 Fractal Diri-iension of Line 5.5 5 . y = 1.0074x + 5.9326 4.5 2 A R = 0.9947 5. 4 5 3.5 3 2.5 2 ¥ ; -4 -3 2 -1 0 I ln(1/L) Fig. 11 US 2004/0209051 A1 Oct. 21, 2004 CAMOUFLAGE U.S. MARINE CORPS UTILITY [0009] HoWever, strategies based on natural observations UNIFORM: PATTERN, FABRIC, AND DESIGN often fall short of military requirements. There are tWo reasons for departing from the “natural” approach. First, RELATED APPLICATIONS animal coloration is often idiosyncratic and keyed to narroW co-evolution histories of predator and prey in a speci?c [0001] Design patent application No. 29/143,340 titled econiche—that is, the Zebra’s stripes tell us more about the “United States Marine Corps Combat Utility Uniform” ?led visual system of the lion than about usable principles of 13 June, 2001. military camou?age. Second, organisms are limited in the [0002] Design patent application No. 29/143,683 titled strategies (patterns) they can “employ.” The coloration pat “Camou?age Pattern for Sheet Material and Uniforms” ?led terns of animals re?ect survival probabilities over a long 19 Jun. 22, 2001. period of time passed on genetic advantage. HoWever, animals do not “design” their appearance; the process is [0003] Provisional Patent Application Number passive and represents genetic exploitation of random muta titled the same as above, ?led 17 Aug. 2001 from tions. In addition, the processes by Which natural patterns Which ?ling date bene?t is claimed. develop are constrained by biology. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [0010] Murray (1992) describes, for example, the process by Which local interaction betWeen tWo populations of color [0004] 1. Field of the Invention producing cells (melanophores) create different categories [0005] This invention relates to a camou?age pattern, and of patterns (stripes, spots, blotches, etc.) reminiscent of techniques that can be used to create a camou?age pattern. standing Waves of different frequencies in metal sheets. It is More particularly, the invention relates to a camou?age signi?cant requirement for this invention that a particular pattern used on fabric based structures that in combination frequency or local melanophore interaction may produce a pattern that interrupts internal symmetry axes. Biological With certain dyes, fabrics, and materials as Well as certain printing techniques, provides improved concealment for entities have the disadvantage of not being able to produce military personnel, vehicles, and other equipment in a range an animal With both spots and stripes, or With complex of tactical environments. Also, the invention pertains to a patterns of certain types. camou?age system used on non-fabric equipment. In addi [0011] Deliberate military camou?age as Well as sports tion, the camou?age pattern is useful in the civilian sector man and fashion patterns does not suffer from these limita for fashion, as Well as sportsman. This invention combines tions. It is useful as Well to remember that animals choose principles of human perception, natural camou?age, and to inhabit certain fairly narroW econiches Which in turn psychophysics to create tWo pattern elements of a macro alloWs camou?age “strategies” very speci?c to particular pattern and a micro-pattern combined into a single con?gu places and backgrounds. Military forces do not have this ration: one to disrupt the features of the subject target, the luxury, and must adopt strategies more generally effective other to match the subject target to the characteristics of the across a range of terrain and environmental conditions to background. The combinations of this invention provide Which they may be deployed. counter surveillance from visual and near-infrared detection for combat utility uniforms and equipment. [0012] Brassey’s Book of Camou?age by Tim NeWark traces some of the history of camou?age. In 1812, some of [0006] 2. Description of the Prior Art the ?rst experimentation done With camou?age found that [0007] Camou?age is an art in the process of becoming a the color that blended in the best in the Wild Was gray. In science. Camou?age, also called protective concealment, is 1857, one of the ?rst true uses of camou?age occurred When a means to disguise a subj ect, Whether animate or inanimate, British soldiers dyed their White tunics and belts tan, or in plain sight so as to conceal the subject from something or khaki (Which means literally “dusty” colored), to blend in someone. Beginning With Abbott and Gerald Thayer in the With the environment in India. The ?rst section de camou late 1800’s and Pycraft in the 1920’s, camou?age evolved ?age in military history Was established in 1915 by the from a study of naturalistic observations of organisms in French, under the command of an artist. Thereafter, com their complex environments to designs that purposely effect parable units Were used by the British and Americans, and, perception. The basic canon of natural camou?age includes to lesser extent, by the Germans, Italians, and Russians. “evolved tactics” such as mimicry (contrived similarity to These units Were largely made up of camou?uerss Who in background features, like the Walking stick bug), counter civilian life had been artists of one kind or another, including shading (lightened ventral surfaces to combat the contrast of ?ne artists, designers, and architects. As a result, participants shadoW), and disruption (Thayer’s “ruption”), the breakup on all sides of the con?icts used hundreds of artists during of boundary features or internal structures. both World Wars. These artists acted as military or civil defense camou?age experts. Included in this group Were [0008] Thayer noticed that the coloring of many animals such familiar names as Jacques Villon, FranZ Marc, Arshile graduated from dark, on their backs, to almost White on their Gorky, Thomas Hart Benton, Grant Wood, LasZlo Moholy bellies.
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