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History and Culture in Jordan Ahlan Wa Sahlan

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History and Culture in Jordan Ahlan Wa Sahlan A Guide to History and Culture in Jordan Ahlan Wa Sahlan Welcome to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, founded by carved from rock over 2000 years ago, it also offers much more King Abdullah I, and currently ruled by King Abdullah II son of for the modern traveller, from the Jordan Valley, fertile and ever the late King Hussein. Over the years, Jordan has grown into a changing, to the remote desert canyons, immense and still. stable, peaceful and modern country. Whether you are a thrill seeker, a historian, or you just want to relax, Jordan is the place for you. While Jordan is known for the ancient Nabataean city of Petra, Content Introduction 2 Handicrafts 3 Cuisine 4 Amman 5 Madaba 8 Umm Ar-Rasas 9 Mukawir 10 Mount Nebo 10 The Dead Sea 11 Petra 12 As-Salt 14 Bethany Beyond the Jordan 15 Aqaba 16 Umm Jerash 17 Ar-Rasas Ajlun 19 Umm Al-Jimal 19 Pella 20 MAP LEGEND Umm Qays 20 Karak 21 Historical Site Showbak 21 Castle Desert Castles 22 Religious Site Hotel Accommodation Camping Facilities Showkak Airport Road Highway Railway Bridge Nature / Wildlife Reserve Jordan Tourism Board: Is open Sunday to Thursday (08:00-17:00). Petra, the new world wonder UNESCO, world heritage site 1 JORDAN’S HISTORY & CULTURE Step back into time as you walk the paths of the Romans, Nabataeans, early ,VODPLF DQG ELEOLFDO oJXUHV DV \RX WUDYHO DURXQG -RUGDQ 7KH FRXQWU\ V KLVWRULFDO DQG FXOWXUDO ZHDOWK LV RYHUZKHOPLQJ DV LW HQYHORSHV \RX XSRQ DUULYDOZLWKUXLQVRIDQFLHQWFLYLOL]DWLRQVUHOLJLRXVVLWHVDQGFXOWXUDOKRWSRWV $OWKRXJK PRVW RI WKHVH FLYLOL]DWLRQV KDYH ORQJ VLQFH EHHQ UHOHJDWHG WR WKH KLVWRU\ ERRNV WKH\ KDYH QRW EHHQ IRUJRWWHQ DV WKHLU IXVLRQ DQG HYROXWLRQ EURXJKW XSRQ WKH JUHDW FRXQWU\ RI -RUGDQ DV ZH NQRZ LW WRGD\ )URP WKH ancient Nabataean city of Petra, the miracle of the Dead Sea and Jordan 9DOOH\WKHZRQGHUVRIWKH5HG6HDDQG:DGL5XPWRWKHoQHKRWHOVVKRSSLQJ FHQWHUVPXVHXPVDQGDUWJDOOHULHVRIPRGHUQ$PPDQ-RUGDQWUXO\LVDEOHQG of old and new, east and west, and an oasis of culture. Citadel Interior 2 WWW.VISITJORDAN.COM Jordan’s People 7KHPDMRULW\RI-RUGDQ VSRSXODWLRQLVFRPSULVHGRI$UDEVGHVFHQGHGIURPWKH YDULRXVWULEHVWKDWKDYHPLJUDWHGWRWKHDUHDRYHUWKH\HDUVIURPDOOGLUHFWLRQV ,Q DGGLWLRQ WKHUH DUH &LUFDVVLDQV GHVFHQGDQWV RI 0XVOLP UHIXJHHV IURP WKH 7VDULVW 5XVVLDQ LQYDVLRQ RI WKH &DXFDVXV LQ WKH WK FHQWXU\ DQG D PXFK VPDOOHUJURXSRI&KHFKHQV-RUGDQDOVRKDVDVPDOO$UPHQLDQSRSXODWLRQ The People of Jordan 0RVW -RUGDQLDQV DUH 6XQQL 0XVOLPV DQG DERXW DUH &KULVWLDQV ZKR OLYH PDLQO\LQ$PPDQ0DGDED.DUDNDQG6DOW7KHPDMRULW\RI&KULVWLDQVEHORQJWR WKH*UHHN2UWKRGR[&KXUFKEXWWKHUHDUHDOVR*UHHN&DWKROLFVDVPDOO5RPDQ &DWKROLFFRPPXQLW\6\ULDQ2UWKRGR[&RSWLF2UWKRGR[$UPHQLDQ2UWKRGR[ DQG D IHZ 3URWHVWDQW GHQRPLQDWLRQV IRXQG PRVWO\ LQ $PPDQ 6HYHUDO VPDOO 6KL DDQG'UX]HSRSXODWLRQVFDQDOVREHIRXQGLQ-RUGDQ Handicrafts Handicrafts VHPLSUHFLRXVVWRQHVPRVDLFVDVZHOODVKDQGPDGHEHGRXLQGDJJHUVDWDOOSRSXODUWRXULVW VLWHV KRWHO ERXWLTXHV DQG YLVLWRUV FHQWHUV 7KHVH JRUJHRXV KDQGLFUDIWV DUH KDQGPDGH 7DNHWLPHWRYLVLWWKHVRXTLQGRZQWRZQ$PPDQ7KLVLVDWUHDVXUHWURYHIRUWKRVH ORFDOO\E\-RUGDQLDQZRPHQFDUU\LQJRQWKHWUDGLWLRQVRIWKHLUDQFHVWRUV7KHUHLVQRWKLQJ VHHNLQJ VRPHWKLQJ D OLWWOH ELW RXW RI WKH RUGLQDU\ DQG DXWKHQWLFDOO\ -RUGDQLDQ OLNHoQGLQJWKHSHUIHFW7KDZE WUDGLWLRQDOGUHVV HPEURLGHUHGLQDXQLTXHRULHQWDOGHVLJQ )LQGJUHDWEDUJDLQVDWRXUH[FHOOHQWJROGDQGVLOYHURXWOHWV'RQRWPLVVWKHEXV\ WRFRPSOHWH\RXUVKRSSLQJH[SHULHQFHDQGWDNHKRPHIRU\RXUVHOIRUEULQJEDFNDVDJLIW OLWWOHVSLFHVKRSVWRJHW\RXURZQKHUEVDQGVHDVRQLQJVZHNQRZWKDWRQFH\RXWU\ IRU D ORYHG RQH ,I \RX UH ORRNLQJ IRU EHDXW\ DQG VNLQ FDUH VXSSOLHV \RX OO oQG KHDOLQJ -RUGDQLDQpDYRUV\RXDUHJRLQJWRZDQWWRWDNHVRPHKRPH DQGUHMXYHQDWLQJ'HDG6HDDQGROLYHRLOSURGXFWVDYDLODEOHDFURVVWKHFRXQWU\$OWKRXJK )LQGKDQGZRYHQUXJVDQGFXVKLRQVEHDXWLIXOO\HPEURLGHUHGIDEULFVDQGFORWKLQJ QRWKLQJFDQFRPSDUHWR\RXUYLVLWWR-RUGDQEULQJEDFNDEUHDWKWDNLQJODQGVFDSHFUHDWHG WUDGLWLRQDO SRWWHU\ DQG JODVVZDUH QRW WR PHQWLRQ VLOYHU MHZHOU\ HPEHGGHG ZLWK ZLWKFRORUHGVDQGLQDERWWOHWKHUHIRUHIRUHYHUSUHVHUYLQJ\RXUH[SHULHQFH 3 Cuisine :KHUHYHU \RX DUH LQ -RUGDQ \RX UH QHYHU WRR IDU DZD\ IURP D FRQYHUVDWLRQ DERXWIRRG:KHWKHUWKHGLVFXVVLRQLVDKHDWHGDUJXPHQWRQWKHEXV\VWUHHWVRI $PPDQRYHUWKHFLW\ VEHVWNXQDIHRURQHLQWKHFRDVWDOWRZQVRI$TDEDDVWKH catch of the day comes in, or in the most remote part of the Wadi Rum desert \RX OO GRXEWOHVVO\ HQG XS WDONLQJ DERXW IRRG DQG LI \RX UH WDONLQJ DERXW LW \RX UHPRUHWKDQOLNHO\WREHHDWLQJLWZLWK\RXU-RUGDQLDQKRVWVODWHU A Family Enjoying the Jordanian National Dish: Mansaf Sit down with the bedouin in their desert tents, drink camel milk and eat mansaf WKHQDWLRQDOGLVKDQG\RX OOOHDUQKRZSHRSOHKDYHVXUYLYHGIRUFHQWXULHVLQWKLV KDUVKODQGVFDSH7U\EDNODYDSDVWULHVLQDQ\RIWKHLUIRUPVDQG\RX OOH[SHULHQFH WKH pDYRUV DQG UHFLSHV RI WKH 2WWRPDQ (PSLUH $QG LI \RX SLFN XS D PHQX LQ FRVPRSROLWDQ $PPDQ \RX OO VHH GLVKHV PDGH IDPRXV E\ GLIIHUHQW HWKQLFLWLHV within the Jordanian community, not to mention cuisine from all around the world. ,WPDWWHUVOLWWOHZKHUHSHRSOHDUHIURPRUZKDWODQJXDJHWKH\VSHDN,Q-RUGDQ IRRGLVWKHZRUGRQHYHU\ERG\ VOLSVDQGDOODUHZHOFRPHWRMRLQWKHGLVFXVVLRQ Mjadarra Sweets 4 WWW.VISITJORDAN.COM AMMAN AMMAN The ever-expanding city, originally built on seven hills, dates back to the Stone $JHZKHQRXU1HROLWKLFDQFHVWRUVURDPHGWKHHDUWK$PPDQH[HPSOLoHVWKH evolution, development and survival of a small city through its expansions during the Early Bronze Age, its development as a city state through the Iron Age and into its role in Assyrian, Babylonian and Persian empires. The city, known by several different names such as Amman, Ammon, Rabath-Ammon and Philadelphia, played key-roles in multiple civilizations. $V 3KLODGHOSKLD LW pRXULVKHG DV D PHPEHU RI 5RPH V 'HFDSROLV /HDJXH DQG was rebuilt with colonnaded streets, baths, theaters and impressive public buildings. During the Byzantine period it was the seat of a Christian bishop who oversaw the construction of two spectacular churches before being HPEUDFHGDVDSDUWRI,VODP VGRPDLQ:KLOHWKHULVHRIWKH0DPHOXNVRI(J\SW FDXVHGDGRZQWXUQIRUWKHFLW\ VVWDWXVLWVZHOFRPLQJRISHUVHFXWHG0XVOLPV from the Caucasus and the weakening of the Ottoman authority caused it to return to its former glory. On March 2, 1921, the Emirate of Transjordan came into existence, with Emir Abdullah, a Hashemite and direct descendant of the Prophet Mohammed (PBUH), as its undisputed leader. On May 25, 1946, the +DVKHPLWH.LQJGRPRI-RUGDQVHFXUHGLWVLQGHSHQGHQFHWKH(PLU VWLWOHZDV changed to King, and Amman became the capital of the Kingdom. Citadel Historical Sites ,IDMRXUQH\WKURXJKKLVWRU\LVZKDW\RX UHORRNLQJIRUWKHQWKHEHVWSODFHWR VWDUWZRXOGEHWKH&LWDGHO/RFDWHGRQDKLOOLWJLYHVYLVLWRUVDJOLPSVHLQWRWKH HYROXWLRQ RI $PPDQ DQG SURYLGHV VWXQQLQJ YLHZV RI GRZQWRZQ $PPDQ $PRQJWKHVLWHV\RXFDQ WDIIRUGWRPLVVDWWKH&LWDGHODUHWKH8PD\\DG3DODFH FRPSOH[WKH7HPSOHRI+HUFXOHVDQGWKH%\]DQWLQH&KXUFK,I\RX UHORRNLQJ IRUDOLWHUDOZDONWKURXJKKLVWRU\GRQRWKHVLWDWHWRYHQWXUHWRQHDUE\VLWHVOLNH WKH5RPDQ)RUXPDQG1\PSKDHXPDVZHOODVWKH*UDQG+XVVHLQL0RVTXH EXLOWE\(PLU$EGXOODKLQ 5 AMMAN The Royal Automobile Museum Art Gallery The Jordan Archaeological Museum Museums v7KH5R\DO$XWRPRELOH0XVHXP v7KH-RUGDQ$UFKDHRORJLFDO0XVHXP v7KH&KLOGUHQ V0XVHXP v7KH-RUGDQLDQ0XVHXPRI3RSXODU7UDGLWLRQV v7KH-RUGDQ0XVHXP v7KH-RUGDQ)RONORUH0XVHXP v7KH$UFKDHRORJLFDO0XVHXP8QLYHUVLW\RI-RUGDQ Archaeological Centers v7KH$QWKURSRORJLFDO0XVHXP8QLYHUVLW\RI-RUGDQ 7R DFFRPPRGDWH $PPDQ V PDVVLYH KHULWDJH VSDQQLQJ VHYHUDO FHQWXULHV DQG v7KH1XPLVPDWLFV0XVHXP&HQWUDO%DQNRI-RUGDQ FLYLOL]DWLRQV D QXPEHU RI VSHFLDOL]HG ORFDO DQG LQWHUQDWLRQDO DUFKDHRORJLFDO FHQWHUVKDYHEHHQHVWDEOLVKHG. 6 WWW.VISITJORDAN.COM Cultural Centers $Q LQFUHDVLQJ QXPEHU RI YHQXHV DUH KRVWLQJ FXOWXUDO DFWLYLWLHV (QJOLVKODQJXDJH QHZVSDSHUV 7KH -RUGDQ 7LPHVDQG7KH6WDUFDUU\GHWDLOVRILQGLYLGXDOHYHQWV v7KH5R\DO&XOWXUDO&HQWHU DID YOU KNOW? v$O%DODG7KHDWHU The Royal Film Commission of Jordan is a committee v&LW\+DOO5D V$O$LQ that aims to develop v5DVDO$LQ$UW*DOOHU\ the local production v7KH+D\D&XOWXUDO&HQWHUIRUNLGV industry By encouraging -RUGDQLDQV WR XVH oOP v7KH=DKD&XOWXUDO&HQWHUIRUNLGV and audio-visual media v(PLUDWHV&XOWXUDO&HQWHU to express their original v7XUNLVK&XOWXUDO&HQWHU ideas. 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