The Author at Rest on the Trail of T.E. Lawrence in the Wadi Rum
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Aqaba Pledge: a Reconsideration of the 'Anṣār’S Subscription To
THE 'AQABA PLEDGE: A RECONSIDERATION OF THE 'ANṢĀR’S SUBSCRIPTION TO THE PLEDGE by MATTHEW LEE VANAUKER (Under the Direction of Kenneth Honerkamp) ABSTRACT The ‘Aqaba pledge was a pivotal moment for early Islamic history. Often, however, it is read and understood in the context of Muhammad’s life. Consequently, much remains unanswered concerning the other party to the pledge, viz. the ‘Anṣār. Traditionally, it has been understood that the ‘Anṣār subscribed to the pledge in the context of their ongoing intertribal wars and that out of a desire to bring an end to those wars, seeing Muhammad as the means for that, they accepted the terms of the pledge. This paper expands on this traditional understanding. It begins by expanding on the traditionally understood sociopolitical context that surrounded the ‘Anṣār on the eve of the pledge, looking closely at the Perso-Byzantine war in the early seventh century. It then points to a hitherto unidentified cause that forced the ‘Anṣār to desire reconciliation and to accept the terms of the pledge. INDEX WORDS: ‘Aqaba pledge, Jewish Messianism, The Sasanian Conquest of Jerusalem in 614, Byzantine, Late Antiquity, Early Islam, ‘Anṣār THE 'AQABA PLEDGE: A RECONSIDERATION OF THE 'ANṢĀR’S SUBSCRIPTION TO THE PLEDGE by MATTHEW LEE VANAUKER B.A., Syracuse University, 2014 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2016 © 2016 Matthew Lee VanAuker All Rights Reserved THE 'AQABA PLEDGE: A RECONSIDERATION OF THE 'ANṢĀR’S SUBSCRIPTION TO THE PLEDGE by MATTHEW LEE VANAUKER Major Professor: Kenneth Honerkamp Committee: Alan Godlas Carolyn Jones Medine Electronic Version Approved: Suzanne Barbour Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia May 2016 DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my wife, my daughter, and my parents. -
Jordan Extension Brochure
Come with Fr. Peter Hopkins, LC & Cris on this amazing adventure! Day 4 – Wadi Rum, Monday July 4 PROPOSED ITINERARY [1] Wadi Rum is one of Jordan's main tourist attractions being the most stunning desert scape in the world, lying 320 km southwest of Amman, 120 km south Day 1 – Mount Nebo, Friday July 1, 2022 We depart bright and early for of Petra and 68 km north of Aqaba on the Red Sea. It's uniquely shaped Jordan, crossing the land border at the Allenby King Hussain Bridge. massive mountains rise out of the pink/red desert sands, which separate one Our first destination will be Mount Nebo, where Moses stood and dark mass from another in a magnificent desert scenery of strange breath- viewed the Promised Land. Since the 3rd century the early Christians made taking beauty, with towering cliffs of weathered stone. After breakfast, we this a site of pilgrimage, building a large basilica by the 6th century. Though will enjoy an unforgettable jeep tour through the desert. With our visit com- little remains of the original buildings, you can still see today the magnificent plete, we begin our journey back to Jerusalem, crossing back into Israel at Byzantine mosaics from that basilica in the newly renovated chapel atop the Allenby King Hussain Bridge border crossing. Overnight in Jerusalem, Mount Nebo. Notre Dame of Jerusalem Center. Farewell Dinner. We continue on to Madaba, (Medba in Scripture) which is an an- Day 5 - Jerusalem, Tuesday July 5 Late night of the 4th or early morning cient town in Jordan, southwest of the capital Amman, situated on the an- hours of the 5th flight are recommended. -
Remarks at the Red Sea Summit in Aqaba, Jordan June 4, 2003
June 3 / Administration of George W. Bush, 2003 the expression of different views and broad- Thank you very much, Mr. President. er political participation will unleash the talents of each nation. All Middle East countries that travel this challenging path NOTE: President Mubarak spoke at 3:50 p.m. will have the support and the friendship at the Four Seasons Resort. In his remarks, of the United States. President Bush referred to Crown Prince In this meeting we’ve made progress on Abdullah of Saudi Arabia; King Hamad bin a broad agenda, and we’re determined to Isa Al Khalifa of Bahrain; King Abdullah II keep moving forward. I thank all the lead- of Jordan; Prime Minister Mahmoud Abbas ers here today, and may God bless our (Abu Mazen) of the Palestinian Authority; important work. and Prime Minister Ariel Sharon of Israel. Remarks at the Red Sea Summit in Aqaba, Jordan June 4, 2003 King Abdullah II of Jordan. President end to the conflict. To the Palestinians, it Bush, Prime Minister Sharon, Prime Min- offers an end to the occupation, a viable ister Abbas, distinguished guests: We gather state, and the promise to live as a free today in Aqaba, this small city that symbol- and prosperous people. izes the immeasurable potential of bringing To be sure, the road to realizing this different peoples together. Not far from vision will not be straightforward or without here, Jordan and Israel signed a peace trea- obstacles. I’m aware that many in our re- ty in 1994. Nine years later, what brings gion and around the world view our gath- us here is the same dream, the dream of ering today through a lens marred with peace, prosperity, coexistence, and rec- skepticism and suspicion. -
The Egypt-Palestine/Israel Boundary: 1841-1992
University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Dissertations and Theses @ UNI Student Work 1992 The Egypt-Palestine/Israel boundary: 1841-1992 Thabit Abu-Rass University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1992 Thabit Abu-Rass Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd Part of the Human Geography Commons Recommended Citation Abu-Rass, Thabit, "The Egypt-Palestine/Israel boundary: 1841-1992" (1992). Dissertations and Theses @ UNI. 695. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd/695 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses @ UNI by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EGYPT-PALESTINE/ISRAEL BOUNDARY: 1841-1992 An Abstract of a Thesis .Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the ~egree Master of Arts Thabit Abu-Rass University of Northern Iowa July 1992 ABSTRACT In 1841, with the involvement of European powers, the Ottoman Empire distinguished by Firman territory subject to a Khedive of Egypt from that subject more directly to Istanbul. With British pressure in 1906, a more formal boundary was established between Egypt and Ottoman Palestine. This study focuses on these events and on the history from 1841 to the present. The study area includes the Sinai peninsula and extends from the Suez Canal in the west to what is today southern Israel from Ashqelon on the Mediterranean to the southern shore of the Dead Sea in the east. -
Visitor Management
Twinning JO/12/ENP/OT/20 “Strengthen the institutional tourism system in Jordan by enhancing the capacities of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in Jordan” Umm ar-Rasas (Kastron Mefa’a). A Basis Towards the Public Use Plan UMM AR-RASAS (KASTRON MEFA’A). A BASIS TOWARDS THE PUBLIC USE PLAN Page 2 UMM AR-RASAS (KASTRON MEFA’A). A BASIS TOWARDS THE PUBLIC USE PLAN The present document has been released on January 2015 within the EC-funded assignment “Strengthen the institutional tourism system in Jordan by enhancing the capacities of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities in Jordan” (ref. no. JO/12/ENO/OT/20). More precisely, it was produced within the activity #2.2, devoted to “Designing a pilot project led by MoTA, DoA and UNESCO focused on a joint and coordinated site management of the cultural heritage of the site Umm ar-Rasas”. Project Leader: Rosanna Binacchi, Italian Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism (MIBACT), Head of Unit for the Coordination of International Relations Component Coordinator: Gianni Bonazzi, Italian Ministry for Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism (MIBACT), Head of the Research and Analysis Department Resident Twinning Advisor: Lara Fantoni, County Government of Florence, Italy, responsible of the Tourist Management Unit Resident Counterpart: Hussein Khirfan, Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities, Head of Site Management Directorate Short Term Experts appointed for the present document: Carlo Francini, Municipality of Florence, Italy, Site Manager of the "Historic Centre of Florence" -
Travel Brochure
distinguished travel for more than 35 years Antiquities of the AND Red Sea Aegean Sea INCLUDING A TRANSIT OF THE Suez Canal CE E AegeanAthens Sea E R G Mediterranean Sea Sea of Galilee Santorini Jerusalem Jerash Alexandria Amman EGYPT MasadaMasada Dead Sea Alexandria JORDAN ISRAEL Petra Suez Cairo Canal Wadi Rum Giza Aqaba EGYPT Ain Gulf of r Sea of Aqaba e Sokhna Suez v i R UNESCO World e l Heritage Site i Cruise Itinerary N Air Routing Hurghada Land Routing Valley of the Kings Red Sea Valley of the Queens Luxor October 29 to November 11, 2021 Amman u Petra u Luxor u The Pyramids Join us on this custom-designed, 14-day journey to the Suez Canal u Alexandria u Santorini u Athens cradle of civilization. Visit three continents, navigate the 1 Depart the U.S. or Canada legendary Red Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Aegean Sea, 2 Arrive in Athens, Greece/Embark Le Bellot 3 Santorini transit the Suez Canal and experience eight magnificent 4 Cruising the Mediterranean Sea UNESCO World Heritage sites. Cruise for eight nights 5 Alexandria, Egypt aboard the exclusively chartered, Five-Star Le Bellot, 6 Suez Canal transit which features 92 Suites and Staterooms, each with 7 Ain Sokhna for Cairo and Giza (Great Pyramids) a private balcony. Spend one night outside Petra and 8 Hurghada/Disembark ship/Luxor 9 Luxor/Valleys of Kings and Queens/Hurghada/ three nights in Amman. Mid-cruise, overnight in a Reembark ship Nile-view room in Luxor and visit Queen Nefertari’s 10 Aqaba, Jordan/Disembark ship/Wadi Rum/Petra tomb in the Valley of the Queens. -
The Mountains of Wadi Rum 111
109 The Mountains ofWadi Rum TonyHoward Plates 41-47 Wadi Rum, if it means anything to anyone, probably conjures up visions of Lawrence of Arabia for it was from there, in that remote region of desert mountains, that he based his raids on the Turks and Aqaba. Since then little has changed. Old men, some of them old enough to recall riding with Lawrence, still travel the desert by camel and the mountains that wall the valleys described by Lawrence as 'Rum the Magnificent ... vast, echoing and God-like ... a processional way greater than imagination' stand aloof and unknown to all but the Beq.ouin. We were fortunate to be the first climbers to be invited to the area by Jordan's Ministry of Tourism, to assess the region's potential for mountaineer ing and trekking. We spent five weeks there during the months of October and November in both 1984 and 1985. In 1984 the party comprised Di Taylor, Mick Shaw, Alan Baker and Tony Howard. They were joined by Wilfried Colonna from France in 1985. Wadi Rum is a singularly impressive region ofabout 800 square kilometres of desert and mountains, with red, yellow and purple sandstone towers and walls rising steeply and windworn into arabesque loops and whorls, with tier upon tier ofoverlapping slabs melting into space. These walls start from the desert at c.900-1000m and are capped with huge domes of white smooth sandstone leading to summits of c.1500-1750m. The two highest face each other across Wadi Rum and are Jebel Rum 1754m, reputedly Jordan's highest mountain, and Jebel urn 'Ishrin according to the map only lm lower. -
DOCTORAL THESIS Interpretation and Presentation of Nabataeans Innovative Technologies: Case Study Petra/Jordan
DOCTORAL THESIS Interpretation and Presentation of Nabataeans Innovative Technologies: Case Study Petra/Jordan Submitted to the Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering, and Urban Planning Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus, Germany, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Engineer (Dr. Ing), 2006-2011 by Yazan Safwan Al-Tell (Born 07-04-1977 in Amman, Jordan) Supervisors: Prof. Dr. h.c. Jörg J. Kühn Prof.Dr. Stephen G. Schmid Prof. Dr. Ing. Adolf Hoffmann I Abstract The Nabataeans were people of innovation and technology. Many clear evidences were left behind them that prove this fact. Unfortunately for a site like Petra, visited by crowds of visitors and tourists every day, many major elements need to be strengthened in terms of interpretation and presentation techniques in order to reflect the unique and genuine aspects of the place. The major elements that need to be changed include: un-authorized tour guides, insufficient interpretation site information in terms of quality and display. In spite of Jordan‘s numerous archaeological sites (especially Petra) within the international standards, legislations and conventions that discuss intensively interpretation and presentation guidelines for archaeological site in a country like Jordan, it is not easy to implement these standards in Petra at present for several reasons which include: presence of different stakeholders, lack of funding, local community. Moreover, many interpretation and development plans were previously made for Petra, which makes it harder to determine the starting point. Within the work I did, I proposed two ideas for developing interpretation technique in Petra. First was using the theme technique, which creates a story from the site or from innovations done by the inhabitants, and to be presented to visitors in a modern approach. -
Discover Jordan and Experience Wonders
www.moevenpick-hotels.com For more information and bookings please contact our Guest Relations desk. Discover Jordan and experience wonders. Lebanon N Syria Iraq Mediterranean Sea West Amman Bank Azrak Gaza Strip Dead Sea Israel Jordan Dana Saudi Arabia Petra Egypt Aqaba Mövenpick Resort Petra P.O.Box 214, Wadi Mousa, 71810 Petra, Jordan Phone +962 3 215 71 11, Fax +962 3 215 71 12 E-Mail and Internet Social Networks [email protected] MoevenpickJo www.moevenpick-hotels.com/petra Welcome to Petra and uncover the riches of Jordan. Mövenpick Resort Petra invites you to explore Jordan, a place steeped in history, culture and natural beauty. Whether you stay with us or transfer to another Mövenpick Hotel & Resort, there is plenty to see and do: from charming arts and crafts, to inspiring outdoor adventure, authentic eating and bazaar-style shopping. So put on your walking shoes, get your camera ready and see what the country has in store. Petra See the unbelievable and touch the treasure. Home to one of the seven wonders of the world, Petra is a place that has to be seen to be believed. It is also a place of honoured tradition, where you can experience all aspects of local culture – from the fruits of desert gardens to precious metal-craft. Handicraft Workshops in Dana Village Experience a rich reflection of Petra’s ancient culture. Visit the dried fruit centre where local women traditionally process fruit and herbs grown in Dana’s centuries-old terraced gardens. Afterwards, browse the jewel- coloured jams, fruit-leather, herbs and tea for sale at the visitor’s centre. -
From the Gulf of Aqaba to the Persian Gulf: Securing Western Interests On
From the Gulf of Aqaba to the Persian Gulf: Securing Western Interests on the Arabian Peninsula Hulda Kjeang Mørk, University of Oslo Panel 97: From the Gulf of Aqaba to the Persian Gulf. Securing Western Interests on the Arabian Peninsula Email: [email protected] I am happy to connect with others who have similar research interests. Abstract: During large parts of the Cold War, Iran and Israel were in covert alliance. Over land, Israel and Iran had no direct link, and hostile regimes separated them. But outside the southern end of the Arabian Peninsula, waters running from Israel met waters from Iran, creating a fluid connection. This paper argues that this fluid connection enabled Iranian-Israeli oil trade and motivated security collaboration between them. The young state of Israel collaborated with Iran in several areas. Iran facilitated the escape of persecuted Iraqi Jews, and Israel provided Iran with modern technology, particularly within the field of irrigation. Israel set up a line of credit for Iran, and Iran agreed to sell oil covertly to Israel. The oil was shipped from the Persian Gulf, around the Arabian Peninsula, to the Israeli post city of Eilat. In 1957, Israel became the largest consumer of Iranian oil. From the early 1960s, the collaboration between Israel and Iran included activities in the Middle East aimed at counteracting the influence of radical Arab nationalism. They both perceived the so- called radical Arabs, under the leadership of Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, as a great threat to their security and sovereignty. In 1965, an Israeli official termed the Iranian- Israeli collaboration “The war on Nasser and his schemes.”1 Iran and Israel fought their war on Nasser by covertly engaging in civil conflicts in neighboring Arab nationalist regimes. -
Around the World Classic by Private Jet Sept
Signature Expeditions | 2017 AROUND THE WORLD CLASSIC BY PRIVATE JET SEPT. 27 – OCT. 20 2017 PETRA AND MARRAKECH, WADI RUM, JORDAN ORLANDO MOROCCO TAJ MAHAL, FLORIDA // INDIA Begin and End ANGKOR WAT, CAMBODIA CUSCO AND MACHU SERENGETI PLAIN PICCHU OR NORTH OR NGORONGORO APIA, COAST, PERU CRATER, TANZANIA GREAT BARRIER SAMOA REEF OR DAINTREE, EASTER ISLAND, AUSTRALIA CHILE Signature Expeditions | 2017 AROUND THE WORLD CLASSIC BY PRIVATE JET SEPT. 27 – OCT. 20 2017 // 24 DAYS // 80 GUESTS $79,950 per person, double occupancy $8,950 single supplement OUR CLASSIC JOURNEY OFFERS A LIFE LIST OF ICONIC DESTINATIONS IN A SINGLE ITINERARY. Taj Mahal, India ORLANDO // DAY 1 TAJ MAHAL, INDIA // DAYS 14-15 Meet fellow guests and expedition leaders at a welcome dinner. In the former Mughal capital of Agra, see one of the world’s greatest Ritz-Carlton Orlando, Grande Lakes architectural treasures. Then, tour Emperor Akbar’s grand tomb, visit the rural village of Kachpura or explore Keoladeo National Park and CUSCO AND MACHU PICCHU Bird Sanctuary. Oberoi Amarvilas OR NORTH COAST, PERU // DAYS 2-4 Explore historic Cusco and the Inca ruins of Chinchero before SERENGETI PLAIN OR NGORONGORO CRATER, traveling through the Sacred Valley of the Urubamba to the TANZANIA // DAYS 16-18 mountaintop stronghold of Machu Picchu. Or visit Moche temples Tanzania has more land devoted to game reserves than any other and the adobe city of Chan Chan on Peru’s North Coast. country on earth. From your luxurious safari lodge, search for the Big Belmond Palacio Nazarenas; Hotel Libertador Trujillo Five: lions, leopards, Cape buffalos, elephants and rhinos. -
Evaluation of the Gulf of Aqaba Coastal Water, Jordan
water Article Evaluation of the Gulf of Aqaba Coastal Water, Jordan Ahmed A. Al-Taani 1,2,* , Maen Rashdan 2 , Yousef Nazzal 1, Fares Howari 1, Jibran Iqbal 1 , Abdulla Al-Rawabdeh 2 , Abeer Al Bsoul 3 and Safaa Khashashneh 2 1 College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu Dhabi 144534, UAE; [email protected] (Y.N.); [email protected] (F.H.); [email protected] (J.I.) 2 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan; [email protected] (M.R.); [email protected] (A.A.-R.); [email protected] (S.K.) 3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Al-Balqa Applied University, As-Salt 19117, Jordan; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 7 July 2020; Accepted: 21 July 2020; Published: 27 July 2020 Abstract: (1) Background: The Gulf of Aqaba (GoA) supports unique and diverse marine ecosystems. It is one of the highest anthropogenically impacted coasts in the Middle East region, where rapid human activities are likely to degrade these naturally diverse but stressed ecosystems. (2) Methods: Various water quality parameters were measured to assess the current status and conditions of 2 GoA seawater including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total alkalinity (TA), Cl−, NO3−, SO4 −, 3 + 2+ 2+ + + PO4 −, NH4 , Ca , Mg , Na ,K , Sr, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn. (3) Results: The pH values indicated basic coastal waters. The elevated levels of TDS with an average of about 42 g/L indicated highly saline conditions.