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Gender Based Violence Against Women and Girls Displaced by the Syrian Conflict in South Lebanon and North Jordan: Scope of Violence and Health Correlates

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Gender Based Violence Against Women and Girls Displaced by the Syrian Conflict in South Lebanon and North Jordan: Scope of Violence and Health Correlates Gender Based Violence Against Women and Girls Displaced by the Syrian Conflict in South Lebanon and North Jordan: Scope of Violence and Health Correlates Jordan Based Researchers Lebanon Based Researcher Aida Essaid, PhD Jinan Usta, MD MPH Shirin Shukri, PhD Yasmine El Gharaibeh, MPP Hala Abu Taleb Nibal Awwad Hiba Nsour United States Based Researchers Cari Jo Clark, ScD, MPH Rachael Spencer, MPA This research has been produced with the technical support and coordination of Alianza por la Solidaridad and the financial assistance of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID: Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official views of AECID. This research has also been funded and supported regarding the reproductive health component by United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Lebanon. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official views of UNFPA Lebanon. For questions about the research, please contact: Rachael Spencer at [email protected]. Suggested Citation: Spencer, R. A., J. Usta, A. Essaid, S. Shukri, Y. El-Gharaibeh, H. Abu-Taleb, N. Awwad, H. Nsour, Alianza por la Solidaridad, United Nations Population Fund-Lebanon and C. J. Clark (2015). Gender Based Violence Against Women and Girls Displaced by the Syrian Conflict in South Lebanon and North Jordan: Scope of Violence and Health Correlates, Alianza por la Solidaridad. Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Jordan ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 Lebanon .................................................................................................................................................... 9 Palestinian Refugees from Syria ............................................................................................................. 10 Reproductive and Sexual Health and Access to Services ....................................................................... 10 Methodology ............................................................................................................................................... 14 Interviews with Service Providers .......................................................................................................... 14 Focus Group Discussions ........................................................................................................................ 14 Lebanon............................................................................................................................................... 15 Jordan .................................................................................................................................................. 16 Interviews with Women who Experienced GBV .................................................................................... 16 Survey Interviews ................................................................................................................................... 17 Ethics ...................................................................................................................................................... 19 Limitations .............................................................................................................................................. 19 Study Results .............................................................................................................................................. 21 Section I: Background to Violence ......................................................................................................... 21 Section II. Scope and Types of Gender Based Violence ........................................................................ 24 Violence in Public Spaces ................................................................................................................... 25 Violence in Private Spaces .................................................................................................................. 28 Section III. Women’s Health, Access to Healthcare Services, and GBV .............................................. 34 Women’s Health ................................................................................................................................. 34 Access to Services ............................................................................................................................... 36 Impact of Gender-based Violence on Health ...................................................................................... 37 Section IV. Help Seeking ........................................................................................................................ 42 Barriers to Help Seeking ..................................................................................................................... 45 Conclusions and Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 50 Appendices .................................................................................................................................................. 55 Appendix A. Case Worker Interview Guide ........................................................................................... 55 Appendix B. Focus Group Discussion Guide ......................................................................................... 57 1 Appendix C. Interview Guide for Women who Experience GBV .......................................................... 59 Appendix D. Violence Survivor Stories from Lebanon .......................................................................... 60 Appendix E. Violence Survivor Stories from Jordan.............................................................................. 62 Appendix F. Survey ................................................................................................................................ 64 Appendix G. List of GBV Services in Jordan ......................................................................................... 83 Appendix H. List of GBV Services in Lebanon ..................................................................................... 87 Appendix I. References ........................................................................................................................... 94 2 Acronyms Alianza por la Solidaridad (ApS) Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) Gender based violence (GBV) Inter-agency Standing Committee (IASC) Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Palestinian Refugees from Syria (PRS) Reproductive Health (RH) Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) Syrian Nationals (SN) United Nations Fund for Population Activities (UNFPA) The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) Violence against women and girls (VAWG) 3 Executive Summary This report presents the results of research conducted with female refugees living in North Jordan and South Lebanon who are Syrian Nationals (SN) and Palestinian Refugees from Syria (PRS) as well as gender based violence (GBV) case workers who provide services to refugee women and girls who experience GBV. Through focus group discussions, interviews, and clinic-based surveys, we have examined: the scope of violence perpetrated against women and girl refugees from Syria living in Tyre, Saida, Ajloun, and Jerash; the intersection of reproductive health and gender based violence; perceptions of help sources among PRS and SN in these locations; and support services provided to PRS and SN female refugees who experience GBV Our research forms the basis of our recommendations for service providers, researchers, and donors in these specific areas of Lebanon and Jordan. This report is divided into three main sections. The first section reviews the context which influences women and girls’ experience of GBV in these specific areas of North Jordan and South Lebanon. The second section details the findings of the study as they relate to the scope of violence in public and private spaces, women’s health and access to health services, and women’s help seeking behaviors and experiences with help seeking. Finally, section three includes the conclusions of the research and recommendations for research opportunities to support PRS and Syrian refugee women and girls who experience GBV living in the study areas in North Jordan and South Lebanon. Overall we find that GBV is a significant problem in North Jordan and South Lebanon for refugee women and girls from Syria and frequently restricts their movement, causes them mental and physical distress, and occurs both inside and outside of the home. The most common form of violence reported by participants was emotional violence; however, a large number also reported sexual violence. Among those who reported violence, most indicated that they had been subjected to multiple types of violence (i.e., emotional and physical violence). Women and girls were more likely to discuss physical violence as occurring in the home while harassment, emotional
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