Where Jesus Walked
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Mapping an Ancient City with a Century of Remotely Sensed Data
Mapping an ancient city with a century of remotely sensed data David Stotta,b,1, Søren Munch Kristiansena,c, Achim Lichtenbergerd,e, and Rubina Rajac,f aDepartment of Geoscience, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; bUnit of Archaeological Information Technology, Moesgaard Museum, 8270 Højbjerg, Denmark; cCentre for Urban Network Evolutions, Aarhus University, 8270 Højbjerg, Denmark; dInstitute for Classical Archaeology and Christian Archaeology, Münster University, 48143 Münster, Germany; eMünster University Archaeological Museum, Münster University, 48143 Münster, Germany; and fDepartment of Classical Studies, School of Culture and Society, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark Edited by Zena Kamash, Royal Holloway University of London, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Susan Hanson April 18, 2018 (received for review December 12, 2017) The rapidly growing global population places cultural heritage at “megasite” with numerous structures (8, 9). In the Hellenistic great risk, and the encroachment of modern settlement on period, Jerash developed as a noteworthy settlement, and in the archaeological sites means that valuable information about how Roman, Byzantine, and Early Islamic periods the site underwent past societies worked and interacted with the environment is lost. intense urban development (10), which was interrupted by the To manage and mitigate these risks, we require knowledge about earthquake that hit the region on 18 January 749 CE (11). Lo- what has been lost and what remains, so we can actively decide cated on two sides of the steep wadi of Jerash, known in antiquity what should be investigated and what should be preserved for the as the river Chrysorrhoas (the Golden River), the city prospered future. -
Gender Based Violence Against Women and Girls Displaced by the Syrian Conflict in South Lebanon and North Jordan: Scope of Violence and Health Correlates
Gender Based Violence Against Women and Girls Displaced by the Syrian Conflict in South Lebanon and North Jordan: Scope of Violence and Health Correlates Jordan Based Researchers Lebanon Based Researcher Aida Essaid, PhD Jinan Usta, MD MPH Shirin Shukri, PhD Yasmine El Gharaibeh, MPP Hala Abu Taleb Nibal Awwad Hiba Nsour United States Based Researchers Cari Jo Clark, ScD, MPH Rachael Spencer, MPA This research has been produced with the technical support and coordination of Alianza por la Solidaridad and the financial assistance of the Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID: Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo). The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official views of AECID. This research has also been funded and supported regarding the reproductive health component by United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Lebanon. The contents of this publication do not necessarily reflect the official views of UNFPA Lebanon. For questions about the research, please contact: Rachael Spencer at [email protected]. Suggested Citation: Spencer, R. A., J. Usta, A. Essaid, S. Shukri, Y. El-Gharaibeh, H. Abu-Taleb, N. Awwad, H. Nsour, Alianza por la Solidaridad, United Nations Population Fund-Lebanon and C. J. Clark (2015). Gender Based Violence Against Women and Girls Displaced by the Syrian Conflict in South Lebanon and North Jordan: Scope of Violence and Health Correlates, Alianza por la Solidaridad. Contents Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... -
View of Late Antiquity In
ARAM, 23 (2011) 489-508. doi: 10.2143/ARAM.23.0.2959670 WALLS OF THE DECAPOLIS Dr. ROBERT SMITH (Mid-Atlantic Christian University) Walls were important to the citizens of the Decapolis cities.1 While the world- view of Late Antiquity interpreted the rise and fall of cities as ultimately being the result of divine intervention, the human construction of defensive walls was still a major civic concern. Walls, like temples, honored a city’s patron deities and fostered a sense of local identity and well-being. These structures, long a bulwark of independence and status for cities in the Levant,2 were present in the Hellenizing pre-Decapolis cities, permitted in the Decapolis during the Roman period and were promoted during the subsequent Byzantine period as well. Instead of fostering local rebellion against a distant Rome or later Con- stantinople, the construction of Decapolis city walls, like other components of the imperial architectural palette, was a strategic asset that served to cultur- ally unify the region’s ethnically and linguistically diverse population.3 The “spiritual walls” of cultural solidarity, established in Hellenism and continued by Rome, together with the physical walls of the Decapolis cities helped to preserve their identities for centuries. The Roman and Byzantine empires depended upon strong loyal cities like those of the Decapolis to sustain their rule in the Levant. WALLS OF PRE-DECAPOLIS CITIES IN THE PRE-ROMAN ERA Cities that would be counted as part of the Decapolis in the Roman Era were typically established in the Hellenistic era on the remains of ancient settle- ments. -
Early Christianity in Transjordan
Tyndale Bulletin 45.1 (1994) 97-117. EARLY CHRISTIANITY IN TRANSJORDAN Bastiaan Van Elderen Summary Considerable archaeological field work is currently being conducted in the area of the Decapolis, including the author’s involvement in the excavations of Abila. This article reviews the few references to northern Transjordan in the New Testament and the references in early Christian literature which suggest that Jewish Christianity flourished in Transjordan in the early Christian centuries. Archaeological evidence indicates a rich floruit of Byzantine Christianity in Transjordan. A study of literary allusions relating to this area and the current archaeological work promise new light on this little-known phase of early Christianity. One of the blank pages in ancient church history is the beginning stages of the movement of Christianity to the east. The movement of Christianity as presented in the Acts of the Apostles was to the west. Nothing is reported about the movement of Christianity to the south apart from the report of the conversion of the Ethiopian eunuch; or of the movement to the east apart from the report of Christians in Damascus whom Saul sought to apprehend. On the other hand, there are some scattered references in the literature of the early church. In view of increasing archaeological work in the Transjordan area it may be useful to assemble some of these data from the literary sources to provide a framework in which to evaluate this current and future archaeological work. Perhaps a word of caution is in order first of all. Archaeological data relating to pre-Constantinian Christianity are extremely limited. -
B'tselem Report: Dispossession & Exploitation: Israel's Policy in the Jordan Valley & Northern Dead Sea, May
Dispossession & Exploitation Israel's policy in the Jordan Valley & northern Dead Sea May 2011 Researched and written by Eyal Hareuveni Edited by Yael Stein Data coordination by Atef Abu a-Rub, Wassim Ghantous, Tamar Gonen, Iyad Hadad, Kareem Jubran, Noam Raz Geographic data processing by Shai Efrati B'Tselem thanks Salwa Alinat, Kav LaOved’s former coordinator of Palestinian fieldworkers in the settlements, Daphna Banai, of Machsom Watch, Hagit Ofran, Peace Now’s Settlements Watch coordinator, Dror Etkes, and Alon Cohen-Lifshitz and Nir Shalev, of Bimkom. 2 Table of contents Introduction......................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter One: Statistics........................................................................................................ 8 Land area and borders of the Jordan Valley and northern Dead Sea area....................... 8 Palestinian population in the Jordan Valley .................................................................... 9 Settlements and the settler population........................................................................... 10 Land area of the settlements .......................................................................................... 13 Chapter Two: Taking control of land................................................................................ 15 Theft of private Palestinian land and transfer to settlements......................................... 15 Seizure of land for “military needs”............................................................................. -
Amman & Jerash • Jordan
AMMAN & JERASH • JORDAN AMMAN 4 days/3 nights From $886 per person twin share Amman, capital of Jordan, is one of the world’s oldest continuously inhabited cities. Roman ruins and mediaeval mosques juxtapose with modern hotels and offices. Visit the ancient Citadel on the highest of Amman’s 7 hills, the Temple of Hercules, the Archaeological Museum and the Roman Theatre. Make time for shopping in the souks, bazaars or glitzy modern shopping malls. ACCOMMODATION Price per person from: Twin Single Four Seasons (Superior Rm) $1348 $2349 Grand Hyatt (Standard Rm) $886 $1533 Kempinski Hotel (Superior Rm) $892 $1569 The House Boutique (Studio Suite) $886 $1653 INCLUSIONS Jerash Colonnaded Street © Jordan Tourism Board Meet and assist at Amman airport, return hotel transfers, 3 nights bed & breakfast accommodation and half day city tour and half day Jerash tour. OPTIONAL DAY TOURS Tour cost per person from: Twin Single Amman half day City Tour Included Full day Jerash and Ajlun $194 $310 CITY TOUR Explore Amman, the capital of Jordan. This tour includes the mesmerising Roman Theatre and the enchanting Citadel, inhabited since the Bronze Age (1800BC). Explore the traditional Souqs, taking in Colorful Sands © Jordan Tourism Board the sights and smells of the spice markets. Deluxe Room © Four seasons Pool © Grand Hyatt FOUR SEASONS AMMAN GRAND HYATT Hadrian’s Arch, Jerash © Jordan Tourism Board This beautiful 5 star deluxe hotel sits on a hilltop The Grand Hyatt is conveniently nearby to many near the Shmeisani area with wonderful views of of the best sites including the Roman Theatre. JERASH AND AJLUN the city. -
Water, Ecology, and the Jordan River in Islam
RIVER OUT OF EDEN: WATER, ECOLOGY, AND THE JORDAN RIVER IN ISLAM ECOPEACE / FRIENDS OF THE EARTH MIDDLE EAST (FOEME) SECOND EDITION, JUNE 2014 © Jos Van Wunnik COVENANT FOR THE JORDAN RIVER We recognize that the Jordan River Valley is that cripples the growth of an economy a landscape of outstanding ecological and based on tourism, and that exacerbates the cultural importance. It connects the eco- political conflicts that divide this region. It systems of Africa and Asia, forms a sanctuary also exemplifies a wider failure to serve as for wild plants and animals, and has witnessed custodians of the planet: if we cannot protect a some of the most significant advances in place of such exceptional value, what part of the human history. The first people ever to leave earth will we hand on intact to our children? Africa walked through this valley and drank from its springs. Farming developed on these We have a different vision of this valley: a vision plains, and in Jericho we see the origins of in which a clean, living river flows from the Sea urban civilization itself. Not least, the river runs of Galilee to the Dead Sea; in which the valley’s through the heart of our spiritual traditions: plants and animals are afforded the water they some of the founding stories of Judaism, need to flourish; in which the springs flow as Christianity, and Islam are set along its banks they have for millennia; and in which the water and the valley contains sites sacred to half extracted for human use is divided equitably of humanity. -
February 7, 2021 Jordan $4,965
Bethlehem Sea of Galilee Nazareth HOLY LAND HERITAGE & Jordan Jerusalem January 25 – February 7, 2021 Jordan $4,965. *DOUBLE OCCUPANCY Single Supplement Add $680 Inclusions: R/T Air - Fargo/Bismarck - Subject to change Hotel List: Leonardo Plaza– Netanya • 4 Star Accommodations Maagan - Tiberias • Baggage Handling at Hotel Ambassador – Jerusalem • 21 Included Meals Petra Guest House – Petra • Caesarea Maritima * Plain of Jezreel Dead Sea Spa Hotel – Dead • Nazareth * Sea of Galilee Sea • Beth Saida * Capernaum * Chorazin • Jordan River * Jordan Valley • Caesarea Philippi * Golan Heights • Beth Shean * Ein Harod * Jericho • Mt. of Olives * Rachael’s Tomb For Reservations Contact: • Bethlehem * Dead Sea Scrolls JUDY’S LEISURE TOURS • Jerusalem * Bethany * Masada *Passport is required • Dung Gate * Western Wall Valid for 6 months 4906 16 STREET N • Pools of Bethesda * St. Anne’s Church beyond travel date. Fargo, ND 58102 • King David’s Tomb • Mt. Zion * Garden Tomb 701/232-3441 or • Jordan * Petra * Seir Mountains • Royal Tombs * Historical King’s Highway 800/598-0851 • Madaba * Mt Nebo • Baptismal Site “Bethany beyond the Jordan” Insurance $382. Purchase at time of Deposit Day 1 & 2: We will depart the United States for overnight travel to Israel. After clearing customs, we will be met by our guide who will take us on a scenic drive through Jaffa, the oldest port in the world. Jonah set sail for Tarshish from Jaffa but was swallowed by a large fish. Jaffa was also the home of Tabitha, who was raised from the dead by Peter. Peter had his vision here while lodging in the home of Simon the Tanner. -
Roman Gerasa Seen from Below
ROMAN GERASA SEEN FROM BELOW. An Alternative Study of Urban Landscape Ina Kehrberg (University of Sydney) Research background Syntheses of ancient Jarash and its urban spread are based largely on studies of monumental ruins, most of whose visible and imposing remains belong to the Roman and Byzantine eras of the Decapolis city Gerasa. Crowfoot's studies (Crowfoot [1930], [1931], [1938]) drew early attention to the selective reuse of older architectural blocks and entire building units in the construction of the first churches (Crowfoot [1938] 242-3: St John the Baptist’s church). Indeed, excavations from the later 1920s on (see Kraeling [1938]; JAP I [1986], JAP II [1989]) have brought to light that most Roman and later monumental remains of Gerasa contain evidence of spolia, and it seems, increasingly so with time. This trend continued in the Islamic periods, especially after the earthquake of A.D. 749 when public space like streets and public squares were used by the inhabitants for different purposes, indicating the breakdown of previous civic infrastructure. Recent material evidence supports contemporary literary references suggesting that during the Crusades and after the Mamlukes Jarash had been reduced to impoverished improvised occupancies. In the 19th century a Circassian and Chechen colony was settled under Ottoman rule and Jarash revived as a township. The new settlers became the last inheritors of the ancient and then still legal practice of quarrying stones from the ancient ruins (Schumacher [1902] 122f.) for their own constructions: their well-built now ruinous houses still bear witness to the fact. Continuing with the explorations of Kraeling’s (1938) Gerasa, the history of urban growth has changed relatively little seen in the main through the ruins of public secular and religious monuments which have earned Gerasa the modern attribute 'Pompeii of the East'.1 Overshadowed by these acclaimed monumental ruins, it is easy to consider as insignificant, or worse to ignore the seemingly vacant areas between those standing ruins and main thoroughfares. -
Today's Bible Story Is About Crossing the Jordan River and Conquering Jericho
The Story (7.5): The Battle Begins 08/29/2021 Joshua 6:2-5 Rev. Dr. Sunny Ahn Today's Bible story is about crossing the Jordan River and conquering Jericho. After 40 years of the honeymoon in the wilderness, God and God's people are about to move into their new home in the Promised Land—Canaan. This moving is not gonna be an easy one for God's people as they face a wall of the Jordan River, a land of warriors, and powerful cities on the way. So, God prepares them, starting with their new leader and God's new partner, Joshua, by strengthening his heart, mind, and soul with a commend, "Be strong and very courageous." Now, it is the time for Joshua and God's people to put their faith in action for crossing the Jordan River and conquering Jericho. Crossing the Jordan River was one of the key events in Israel's history. Just as God brought God's people out of the land of bondage by dividing the Red Sea, so God brings them into the Promised Land by dividing the Jordan River. No armies were chasing Israel this time as in Egypt. They could have built boats and taken their time to cross the Jordan River, but God led them by dividing the Jordan River for three reasons: First, to put His confirmation on Joshua as Moses' authorized successor. He says in Joshua 3:7, "This day I will begin to exalt you in the sight of all Israel, that they may know that, as I was with Moses, so I will be with you." Second, God aimed to strengthen the people's faith that He is with them and will give them victory in the battles ahead (Joshua 3:10). -
Teacher Bible Study Lesson Overview
4th-6th Grade Kids Bible Study Guide Unit 8, Session 1: The Israelites Crossed the Jordan River TEACHER BIBLE STUDY Only one geographical barrier separated the Israelites from the promised land of Canaan: the Jordan River. When Joshua and the Israelites arrived, the Jordan River was flooded due to spring rains and snowmelt. Any other time, the river would have been manageable, but crossing the swollen river would have been as daunting as crossing the Red Sea. (See Joshua 4:23.) God gave Joshua a promise and a command. First, He promised to drive out from before them all the people of the land. Then God told him to tell the priests to carry the ark of the LORD (a symbol of God’s powerful presence) into the waters of the Jordan. Then the waters of the river would be cut off from flowing, and the waters coming down from above would stand in one heap. The priests did as Joshua commanded. The waters stopped, and all of the people passed over on dry ground. The LORD commanded Joshua to have 12 men each take a stone from the middle of the Jordan. When the priests came up out of the river, the water started to flow and was again flooded. Joshua set up the stones to be a memorial. The stones served as a reminder of God’s faithfulness in bringing Israel safely across the Jordan into the promised land. The Israelites could do nothing apart from God. He was with them, and He was going to fight for them. -
Herod I, Flavius Josephus, and Roman Bathing
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of the Liberal Arts HEROD I, FLAVIUS JOSEPHUS, AND ROMAN BATHING: HISTORY AND ARCHAEOLOGY IN DIALOG A Thesis in History by Jeffrey T. Herrick 2009 Jeffrey T. Herrick Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts August 2009 The thesis of Jeffrey T. Herrick was reviewed and approved* by the following: Garrett G. Fagan Associate Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies and History Thesis Advisor Paul B. Harvey Associate Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, History, and Religious Studies, Head of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies Ann E. Killebrew Associate Professor of Classics and Ancient Mediterranean Studies, Jewish Studies, and Anthropology Carol Reardon Director of Graduate Studies in History; Professor of Military History *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School iii ABSTRACT In this thesis, I examine the historical and archaeological evidence for the baths built in late 1st century B.C.E by King Herod I of Judaea (commonly called ―the Great‖). In the modern period, many and diverse explanations of Herod‘s actions have been put forward, but previous approaches have often been hamstrung by inadequate and disproportionate use of either form of evidence. My analysis incorporates both forms while still keeping important criticisms of both in mind. Both forms of evidence, archaeological and historical, have biases, and it is important to consider their nuances and limitations as well as the information they offer. In the first chapter, I describe the most important previous approaches to the person of Herod and evaluate both the theoretical paradigms as well as the methodologies which governed them.