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Final Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment for the Maunabo Urbano Public Wells Site

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Final Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment for the Maunabo Urbano Public Wells Site Contract No.: EP‐W‐09‐002 Region 2 RAC2 Remedial Action Contract Final Screening Level Maunabo Groundwater Contamination Site Ecological Risk Assessment Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Maunabo, Puerto Rico WA No.: 014‐RICO‐02XF April 27, 2012 R2-0000753 Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations ........................................................................................................... iii Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................... ES‐1 Section 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1‐1 1.1 Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 1‐1 1.2 Report Organization .......................................................................................................... 1‐2 Section 2 Problem Formulation ................................................................................................... 2‐1 2.1 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................................... 2‐1 2.1.1 Site Location and Description .................................................................................. 2‐1 2.1.2 Site History ............................................................................................................... 2‐1 2.1.3 Site Geology and Hydrogeology ............................................................................... 2‐2 2.1.3.1 Site Geology .................................................................................................. 2‐2 2.1.3.2 Site Hydrogeology ......................................................................................... 2‐2 2.1.4 Habitat and Biota ..................................................................................................... 2‐3 2.1.5 Threatened, Endangered Species/Sensitive Environments ..................................... 2‐4 2.1.5.1 Federally‐Listed Species ................................................................................ 2‐4 2.1.5.2 Puerto Rico‐Listed Species ............................................................................ 2‐4 2.2 Conceptual Site Model ...................................................................................................... 2‐4 2.2.1 Sources of Contamination ........................................................................................ 2‐4 2.2.2 Exposure Pathways .................................................................................................. 2‐4 2.3 Assessment Endpoints ....................................................................................................... 2‐5 2.4 Risk Questions ................................................................................................................... 2‐5 2.5 Measurement Endpoints ................................................................................................... 2‐6 2.6 Data Used in the Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment .......................................... 2‐6 2.6.1 Surface Soil ............................................................................................................... 2‐6 2.6.2 Sediment .................................................................................................................. 2‐7 2.6.3 Surface Water........................................................................................................... 2‐8 2.6.4 Porewater ................................................................................................................. 2‐8 Section 3 Exposure Assessment ................................................................................................... 3‐1 Section 4 Effects Assessment ....................................................................................................... 4‐1 Section 5 Risk Characterization ................................................................................................... 5‐1 5.1 Hazard Quotient Approach ................................................................................................ 5‐1 5.2 Identification of Chemicals of Potential Concern .............................................................. 5‐1 5.3 Refinement of Chemicals of Potential Concern ................................................................ 5‐2 5.4 Risk Summary .................................................................................................................... 5‐2 Section 6 Uncertainty Assessment ............................................................................................... 6‐1 6.1 Problem Formulation ........................................................................................................ 6‐1 i Final Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment R2-0000754 Table of Contents 6.2 Exposure Assessment ....................................................................................................... 6‐2 6.3 Effects Assessment ........................................................................................................... 6‐2 6.4 Risk Characterization ........................................................................................................ 6‐3 Section 7 Summary and Conclusions ............................................................................................ 7‐1 Section 8 References .................................................................................................................... 8‐1 List of Tables Table 5‐1 Comparison of Chemicals Detected in Soil to Ecological Screening Levels Table 5‐2 Comparison of Chemicals Detected in Sediment to Ecological Screening Levels Table 5‐3 Comparison of Chemicals Detected in Surface Water to Ecological Screening Levels Table 5‐4 Comparison of Chemicals Detected in Porewater to Ecological Screening Levels List of Figures Figure 1‐1 Site Location Map Figure 2‐1 Conceptual Site Model Figure 2‐2 Surface Water, Porewater, and Sediment Sample Locations Figure 2‐3 Soil Sample Locations Appendices Appendix A Letters from the United State Environmental Protection Agency and Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources Appendix B Analytical Results Appendix C Fate, Transport, and Toxicity of Chemicals of Potential Concern ii Final Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment R2-0000755 Acronyms and Abbreviations ATSDR Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry BERA baseline ecological risk assessment BTAG Biological Technical Assistance Group CDM Smith CDM Federal Programs Corporation COPC chemical of potential concern CSM conceptual site model DCE cis‐1,2‐dichlroethene EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency ERAGS Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund ESL ecological screening level FSM former sugar mill HQ hazard quotient MCL maximum contaminant level MTBE methyl tertiary butyl ether PAH polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon PCB polychlorinated biphenyl PCE tetrachloroethene PRASA Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority PRB Puerto Rico Beverage PRDNER Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources PRDOH Puerto Rico Department of Health PRIDCO Puerto Rico Industrial Development Corporation RAC Remedial Action Contract RI/FS remedial investigation/feasibility study SAT 2 Site Assessment Team 2 SLERA screening level ecological risk assessment SMDP scientific management decision point SVOC semi‐volatile organic compound TAL target analyte list TCL target compound list USFWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service VOC volatile organic compound μg/kg microgram per kilogram μg/L microgram per liter iii Final Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment R2-0000756 Executive Summary CDM Federal Programs Corporation (CDM Smith) received Work Assignment Number 014‐RICO‐02XF under the Remedial Action Contract (RAC) 2 program to provide technical services to complete a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS) for the Maunabo Groundwater Contamination site (the site) for the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 2. The site is located in Maunabo, Puerto Rico. The overall purpose of the work assignment is to evaluate the nature and extent of contamination at the site and to develop and evaluate remedial alternatives, as appropriate. This Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment (SLERA), as part of the RI/FS, provides a preliminary evaluation of ecological risks from contaminants to terrestrial and aquatic environments present within the study area. The objective of this SLERA is to evaluate the potential for risk at the site. Conservative assumptions are used to identify exposure pathways and, where possible, quantify potential ecological risks. This report is prepared in accordance with the following documents: . Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund: Process for Designing and Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments, Interim Final (EPA 1997) . Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment (EPA 1998) Site Background Maunabo’s public water system, known as Maunabo Urbano, consists of four groundwater wells: Maunabo #1, Maunabo #2 (Bordaleza), Maunabo #3 (Calzada), and Maunabo #4 (San Pedro). In March 2002, the Puerto Rico Department of Health (PRDOH) ordered the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority (PRASA) to close Maunabo #1 due to concentrations of tetrachloroethene (PCE) above the federal Safe Drinking Water
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