Amazing Amphibians Stories of Success

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Amazing Amphibians Stories of Success Issue number 106 (April 2013) ISSN: 1026-0269 eISSN: 1817-3934 Volume 21, number 2 www.amphibians.orgFrogLog Promoting Conservation, Research and Education for the World’s Amphibians INSIDE News from the ASG Regional Updates Amphibian Conservation Accomplishments Establishment of the Honduras Amphibian Rescue and Conservation Center Recent Publications And More … Plectrohyla dasypus. Photo by: Jonathan Kolby. Amazing Stories of Success Amphibians FrogLog 21 (2), Number 106 (April 2013) | 1 FrogLog CONTENTS 3 Editorial NEWS FROM THE AMPHIBIAN COMMUNITY 4 Membership Update 14 Proactive Conservation of Malagasy Frogs: Development 6 How To Engage In Policy Without Staff? of Probiotic Conservation Strategies 7 We Want To Help Your Conservation Project 17 The Spiny Giant Frog 8 FrogLog and Alytes 17 The Hellbender 8 Regional ASG Update—Peru 10 2012 Amphibian Conservation Accomplishments in AZA Institutions REGIONAL FOCUS — THE AMERICAS 19 Evidence for Amphibian 41 Implementing Recovery Actions Flooded Forest Conservation: A Global Synopsis for the Threatened Coquí Guajón 65 Monitoring an Endemic Amphibian 20 The SPLAT Project: Mitigating (Eleutherodactylus cooki): Where to Along a Natural Gas Pipeline in the Amphibian Road Mortality in Start? Peruvian Andes the Clayoquot Sound UNESCO 43 A Unique Collaboration 69 The 2012 Field Course on Biosphere Reserve 46 Preventing Amphibian Extinction Amphibian Conservation in Peru 23 Salamander Watch in Honduras: Establishment of the 70 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in 24 “A Small but Beautiful Bit of Light:” Honduras Amphibian Rescue and Peru Conservation Center Citizen Science for Amphibian 72 Agricultural Frontier Expands on Conservation in Southwest New 53 Captive Breeding of the Frog par with Constraints to Protect Hampshire Mannophryne herminae (Anura: Amphibians and Reptiles 28 Wetlands Restoration: Crafting Aromobatidae) and Releases to the Wild in Venezuela 73 Some Updates in the Conservation Successful Messages for the Public of Bolivian Amphibians 55 Amphibians of the Tama National 31 Promoting Amphibian Conservation 75 The First Ramsar Sites for Through the College Classroom Park: Hidden Biodiversity and New Salamander Species from Colombia Conserve One Community 34 Anuran Monitoring in the Sierra Amphibians In Mexico Nevada, California, U.S. 58 Lethal and Lovely: An Interview with the Founders of the Golden 79 The Catalogue of Colombian 37 Topsin-M®: How One Pesticide Poison Frog Reserve Amphibians and Reptiles is Changing How We Look at Amphibian Toxicology 60 Ecosystem Services Provided by Neotropical Amphibians and 39 Monitoring Environmental Reptiles: A General Overview Pollution and Sublethal Effects in Giant Toad from Coatzacoalcos, 62 The Importance of Floating Mexico Meadows for Amphibians in a Recent Publications 80 | Meetings 88 | Internships & Employment 88 Funding Opportunities 88 | Author Instructions 92 2 | FrogLog 21 (2), Number 106 (April 2013) Editorial FrogLog ASG Secretariat mphibian conservation is about more than just avoiding extinction or talk- ing about what is going wrong—it is about motivating others. It is about Claude Gascon A shining the spotlight on projects that are working and thereby providing a ASG Co-Chair model to copy and implement elsewhere. This edition of FrogLog is about these am- phibian conservation success stories. These stories range from protecting, restoring Phillip J. Bishop or creating habitats to captive breeding and releases, as well as the implementation ASG Co-Chair of conservation education and awareness programs. Robin D. Moore This edition of FrogLog is also about the power of collaboration. Our ability to achieve these conservation successes depends on our willingness to collaborate with ASG Program Officer others. The issues facing amphibians are dynamic and interrelated. It is very rare Candace M. Hansen that you have a single organization or individual with the resources and the ability to single-handedly and effectively tackle the combination of these issues. ASG Program Officer Organizations with a vested interest in conservation are constantly understaffed James P. Lewis and underfunded. The ability to pool these resources together through collabora- ASG Program Officer tive efforts becomes an extremely powerful and effective conservation tool. Each organization or individual that comes together on a project brings their own unique Ariadne Angulo set of diverse skills and strengths to the table that when combined, can achieve great Amphibian RLA Coordinator things. Jennifer Luedtke George Bernard Shaw wrote, “If you have an apple and I have an apple and we Amphibian RLA Deputy exchange these apples then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have Coordinator an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas.” As the new IUCN quadrennium gets underway, it is my pleasure and honour to extend a warm welcome to the over 400 members of the Amphibian Specialist Group. Each of you brings to the group a diverse range of skills, approaches and FrogLog Editorial Board backgrounds, which makes the ASG a truly global authority on amphibian research Editor-in-chief and conservation. Candace M. Hansen Over the course of the next four years we look forward to working together with all of you to develop even more amphibian conservation success stories. And we Editors encourage you to share your success stories with us—we want to hear from you and Craig Hassapakis we want to help share your stories with others. James P. Lewis Candace M. Hansen ASG Program Officer Editorial Office Global Wildlife Conservation PO Box 129, Austin, TX 78767, USA [email protected] Please consider the environment before printing this publication. FrogLog 21 (2), Number 106Reduce, (April reuse, 2013) recycle. | 3 NEWS FROM THE AMPHIBIAN COMMUNITY Membership Update hank you to all those who registered with the ASG during the 2013-2016 quadrennium registration period. In total we T received 468 membership registration forms from members in approximately 80 countries. There are now 41 Regional Groups within the ASG with several new groups looking to be established in the next few months. The information collected in the membership registration form will enable us to help identify the priorities for the ASG during the course of this quadrennium and an annual report to be published later this year will outline these priorities. During the course of the coming months members of the ASG will be invited to join working groups designed to help tackle spe- cific challenges relating to amphibian conservation. If you are interested in joining the ASG or think your name has been accidentally omitted from the list below, or if you know of someone who is not on the list and should be, please feel free to contact ASG Program Officer, James Lewis (jplewis@amphibians. org). Andrés Acosta Federico Bolaños Paul Chippindale Dana Delgado Michael Adams Wilmar Bolívar Manuel Chirosa J. Amanda Delgado Cornejo Ramesh Aggarwal Marites Bonachita-Sanguila Wen-Hao Chou Mathieu Denoël Rodrigo Aguayo Sabitry Choudhury Bordoloi Yodchaiy Chuaynkern Carmen Díaz-Paniagua Cesar Aguilar Philip Bowles Don Church Arvin Diesmos Norhayati Ahmad David Bradford Diego Cisneros-Heredia Mae Lowe Diesmos Firoz Ahmed Alvin Braswell John Clarke Ken Dodd Martins Aisien Rafe Brown Dan Cogalniceanu Stefano Doglio Mauricio Sebastián Akmentins Patricia Burrowes Hal Cogger David Donaire Angel Alcala R Bruce Bury James Collins Maureen Donnelly Ross Alford Beryl Bwong Luis Coloma Alwin Dornelly Ana Almendariz Pier Cacciali Werner Conradie Paul Doughty A. A. Thasun Amarasinghe John Cadle Valeria Corbalán Joseph Doumbia Steven C. Anderson John Alexander Calderon Jesus H. Cordova Louis Du Preez Franco Andreone Claudia Camacho Juan Nicolás Corral Gómez Tatjana Dujsebayeva Ariadne Angulo David Cannatella Claudia Cortez Camila Duran Prieto Brandon Anthony Ulisses Caramaschi Claudia Corti Rhimou El Hamoumi Anchalee Aowphol Angus Carpenter Andrew Crawford El Hassan El Mouden María Cristina Ardila-Robayo Franklin Castañeda Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailović Daniel Escoriza Umilaela Arifin Alessandro Catenazzi Pierre-Andre Crochet Mario Espinal Luis Orlando Armesto Rubie Causaren Martha Crump Alberto R Estrada-Acosta Adrian Armstrong José Rogelio Cedeño-Vázquez Andrew Cunningham Julian Faivovich Jan Arntzen Bosco P.L. Chan Michael Cunningham Liang Fei Mikhail F. Bagaturov Kin Onn Chan Pham The Cuong Jiří Francek Emilio Balletto Tanya Chanard Jennifer Daltry Thierry Fretey Chris Banks Min-Ho Chang Indraneil Das Sarig Gafny Lucas Barrientos Alan Channing Sanjay Das Giussepe Gagliardi-Urrutia Rogerio Bastos Juan Chaparro Tim Davenport Sandra Galeano Sudesh Batuwita Yankho Chapeta Andrés David Silvia Garay Christopher Beachy Gerardo Chaves Cordero Daniel Davila-Casanova Gerardo Garcia Peter Beerli Giovanni Alberto Ignacio De la Riva Paulo Garcia Manfred Beier Chaves Portilla Catia De Paula Juan Elías García-Pérez Ben Bell Germán Chávez Philip de Pous Adrian García-Rodríguez Jihène Ben Hassine Srinivasulu Chelmala Rafael de Sá Andrew Gardner Phil Bishop Xiaohong Chen Anslem de Silva Trenton Garner David Blackburn Lahcen Chillasse Atherton De Villiers Claude Gascon 4 | FrogLog 21 (2), Number 106 (April 2013) Avital Gasith Robert Kaplan Yolanda Matamoros Carlos Pacheco Justin Gerlach D.M.S. Suranjan Karunarathna Masafumi Matsui Jose Padial Richard Gibson Unmesh Katwate James McCranie Vivian Páez Josue Gilberto Uğur Kaya Roy McDiarmid Charles Painter Andrés Giraldo Mohammad
Recommended publications
  • Article Look but Don't Lick! Find out How These Brightly Colored Frogs
    The Power of Poison Look But Don’t Lick! GRADES K-2 NOTES FOR EDUCATORS Common Core State Standards: W.K-2.2, W.K-2.8 Have students read the article “Look but Don’t Lick!” Have them write notes RI.K-2.1, RI.K-2.2, RI.K-2.4, RI.K-2.7, RI.K-2.10 in the large right-hand margin. For example, they could underline key passages, paraphrase important information, or write down questions that New York State Science Core Curriculum: they have. LE 3.1a Next Generation Science Standards: If it is not possible to create color handouts, use a computer projector to PE 1-LS1-2 display the reading so that students can see the colorful frog photos. You DCI LS1.A: Structure and Function may also have them color their black and white copies to match the actual All organisms have external parts. Different colors. animals use their body parts in different ways to see, hear, grasp objects, protect Ask: themselves, move from place to place, and • What does it mean for an animal to be poisonous? (A: An animal is seek, find, and take in food, water and air. poisonous if its body contains a substance that is harmful or fatal to other Plants also have different parts (roots, animals.) stems, leaves, flowers, fruits) that help • How does being poisonous help the frogs in this article survive? (A: them survive and grow. Predators will not eat an animal that is poisonous to them. The frogs signal that they are poisonous by their bright colors, which warn predators not to eat them.
    [Show full text]
  • Gene-Flow in the Clouds: Landscape Genetics of a Viviparous, Montane Grassland Toad in the Tropics
    Conserv Genet DOI 10.1007/s10592-017-1029-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Gene-flow in the clouds: landscape genetics of a viviparous, montane grassland toad in the tropics Laura Sandberger-Loua1 · Mark-Oliver Rödel1 · Heike Feldhaar2 Received: 4 August 2017 / Accepted: 7 November 2017 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract Anthropogenic habitat alteration often increases three populations and no sex-biased dispersal. Correlations fragmentation and isolation, which decreases population with landscape classifications indicate that high elevations, sizes and increases extinction risk for species. Extrinsic due to their high humidity levels, are the most important threats may be buffered or enhanced by intrinsic factors. landscape characteristic facilitating dispersal. This under- Within amphibians, the influence of different environmen- scores desiccation risk as an important landscape charac- tal and intrinsic factors on the population structure is not teristic for amphibian population connectivity. We found yet fully understood. Four factors were found to be impor- indication that life-history traits (viviparity), land use history tant for population connectivity: life history traits, recent (mining-related activity) and topography (elevation) have (anthropogenic) land use history, habitat, and topography, an influence on Nimba toad population differentiation and but the direction of their influence differed between stud- gene-flow. ies. Here, we examine the genetic population structure and interpopulation connectivity within the complete distribu- Keywords Nimba toad · Population genetics · Sex-biased tion of Nimba toads (Nimbaphrynoides occidentalis), a dispersal · Small population size · Nimbaphrynoides toad from montane tropical West Africa. The Nimba toad occidentalis · Desiccation risk is the only known viviparous, matrotrophic (foetuses are nourished during the gestation by their mothers) anuran on Earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Endangered Species (Protection, Conser Va Tion and Regulation of Trade)
    ENDANGERED SPECIES (PROTECTION, CONSER VA TION AND REGULATION OF TRADE) THE ENDANGERED SPECIES (PROTECTION, CONSERVATION AND REGULATION OF TRADE) ACT ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS Preliminary Short title. Interpretation. Objects of Act. Saving of other laws. Exemptions, etc., relating to trade. Amendment of Schedules. Approved management programmes. Approval of scientific institution. Inter-scientific institution transfer. Breeding in captivity. Artificial propagation. Export of personal or household effects. PART I. Administration Designahem of Mana~mentand establishment of Scientific Authority. Policy directions. Functions of Management Authority. Functions of Scientific Authority. Scientific reports. PART II. Restriction on wade in endangered species 18. Restriction on trade in endangered species. 2 ENDANGERED SPECIES (PROTECTION, CONSERVATION AND REGULA TION OF TRADE) Regulation of trade in species spec fled in the First, Second, Third and Fourth Schedules Application to trade in endangered specimen of species specified in First, Second, Third and Fourth Schedule. Export of specimens of species specified in First Schedule. Importation of specimens of species specified in First Schedule. Re-export of specimens of species specified in First Schedule. Introduction from the sea certificate for specimens of species specified in First Schedule. Export of specimens of species specified in Second Schedule. Import of specimens of species specified in Second Schedule. Re-export of specimens of species specified in Second Schedule. Introduction from the sea of specimens of species specified in Second Schedule. Export of specimens of species specified in Third Schedule. Import of specimens of species specified in Third Schedule. Re-export of specimens of species specified in Third Schedule. Export of specimens specified in Fourth Schedule. PART 111.
    [Show full text]
  • Furness, Mcdiarmid, Heyer, Zug.Indd
    south american Journal of Herpetology, 5(1), 2010, 13-29 © 2010 brazilian society of herpetology Oviduct MOdificatiOns in fOaM-nesting frOgs, with eMphasis On the genus LeptodactyLus (aMphibia, LeptOdactyLidae) Andrew I. Furness1, roy w. McdIArMId2, w. ronAld Heyer3,5, And GeorGe r. ZuG4 1 department of Biology, university of california, Riverside, ca 92501, usa. e‑mail: [email protected] 2 us Geological survey, patuxent Wildlife Research center, National Museum of Natural History, MRc 111, po Box 37012, smithsonian Institution, Washington, dc 20013‑7012, usa. e‑mail: [email protected] 3 National Museum of Natural History, MRc 162, po Box 37012, smithsonian Institution, Washington, dc 20013‑7012. e‑mail: [email protected] 4 National Museum of Natural History, MRc 162, po Box 37012, smithsonian Institution, Washington, dc 20013‑7012. e‑mail: [email protected] 5 corresponding author. AbstrAct. various species of frogs produce foam nests that hold their eggs during development. we examined the external morphology and histology of structures associated with foam nest production in frogs of the genus Leptodactylus and a few other taxa. we found that the posterior convolutions of the oviducts in all mature female foam-nesting frogs that we examined were enlarged and compressed into globular structures. this organ-like portion of the oviduct has been called a “foam gland” and these structures almost certainly produce the secretion that is beaten by rhythmic limb movements into foam that forms the nest. however, the label “foam gland” is a misnomer because the structures are simply enlarged and tightly folded regions of the pars convoluta of the oviduct, rather than a separate structure; we suggest the name pars convoluta dilata (pcd) for this feature.
    [Show full text]
  • Final Report for the University of Nottingham / Operation Wallacea Forest Projects, Honduras 2004
    FINAL REPORT for the University of Nottingham / Operation Wallacea forest projects, Honduras 2004 TABLE OF CONTENTS FINAL REPORT FOR THE UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM / OPERATION WALLACEA FOREST PROJECTS, HONDURAS 2004 .....................................................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................................................3 List of the projects undertaken in 2004, with scientists’ names .........................................................................4 Forest structure and composition ..................................................................................................................................... 4 Bat diversity and abundance ............................................................................................................................................ 4 Bird diversity, abundance and ecology ............................................................................................................................ 4 Herpetofaunal diversity, abundance and ecology............................................................................................................. 4 Invertebrate diversity, abundance and ecology ................................................................................................................ 4 Primate behaviour...........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Vocalizations of Eight Species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) with Comments on Communication in the Genus
    Copeia, 1990(3), pp. 631-643 Vocalizations of Eight Species of Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae) With Comments on Communication in the Genus REGINALD B. COCROFT, ROY W. MCDIARMID, ALAN P. JASLOW AND PEDRO M. RUIZ-CARRANZA Vocalizations of frogs of the genus Atelopus include three discrete types of signals: pulsed calls, pure tone calls, and short calls. Repertoire composition is conservative across species. Repertoires of most species whose calls have been recorded contain two or three of these identifiable call types. Within a call type, details of call structure are very similar across species. This apparent lack of divergence in calls may be related to the rarity of sympatry among species of Atelopus and to the relative importance of visual communication in their social interactions. COMMUNICATION in frogs of the genus lopus by comparing the structure and behavioral Atelopus has been httle studied despite sev- context, where available, of calls of these species eral unique features of their biology that make with calls of other species reported in the lit- them an important comparative system in light erature. of the extensive work on other species of an- METHODS urans (Littlejohn, 1977; Wells, 1977; Gerhardt, 1988). First, the auditory system oí Atelopus is Calls were analyzed using a Kay Digital Sona- highly modified, and most species lack external Graph 7800, a Data 6000 Waveform Analyzer and middle ears (McDiarmid, 1971). Second, in with a model 610 plug-in digitizer, and a Mul- contrast to most anurans, species oiAtelopus are tigon Uniscan II real-time analyzer. Call fre- diurnal and often brightly colored, and visual quencies were measured from waveform and communication plays an important role in the Fourier transform analyses; pulse rates and call social behavior of at least some species (Jaslow, lengths were measured from waveform analyses 1979; Crump, 1988).
    [Show full text]
  • Species Diversity and Conservation Status of Amphibians in Madre De Dios, Southern Peru
    Herpetological Conservation and Biology 4(1):14-29 Submitted: 18 December 2007; Accepted: 4 August 2008 SPECIES DIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION STATUS OF AMPHIBIANS IN MADRE DE DIOS, SOUTHERN PERU 1,2 3 4,5 RUDOLF VON MAY , KAREN SIU-TING , JENNIFER M. JACOBS , MARGARITA MEDINA- 3 6 3,7 1 MÜLLER , GIUSEPPE GAGLIARDI , LILY O. RODRÍGUEZ , AND MAUREEN A. DONNELLY 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, OE-167, Miami, Florida 33199, USA 2 Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] 3 Departamento de Herpetología, Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Avenida Arenales 1256, Lima 11, Perú 4 Department of Biology, San Francisco State University, 1600 Holloway Avenue, San Francisco, California 94132, USA 5 Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, California 94118, USA 6 Departamento de Herpetología, Museo de Zoología de la Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana, Pebas 5ta cuadra, Iquitos, Perú 7 Programa de Desarrollo Rural Sostenible, Cooperación Técnica Alemana – GTZ, Calle Diecisiete 355, Lima 27, Perú ABSTRACT.—This study focuses on amphibian species diversity in the lowland Amazonian rainforest of southern Peru, and on the importance of protected and non-protected areas for maintaining amphibian assemblages in this region. We compared species lists from nine sites in the Madre de Dios region, five of which are in nationally recognized protected areas and four are outside the country’s protected area system. Los Amigos, occurring outside the protected area system, is the most species-rich locality included in our comparison.
    [Show full text]
  • Volume 21, Number 4 October/November 2011
    Opportunity Annual Meeting Whole Different of a Highlights: Level: New Life Medical Automation Lifetime: Children, Trauma During Simple Marijuana: Quandry: Get Involved & Technology Game Bad Medicine Where to Start Page 3 Page 4 Page 6 Page 11 Page 14 Earn INSIDE:CE Credits! AADAC NAADAC, NThe Association for Addiction Professionals • We help people recovernews their lives. Vol. 21, No. 4, October/November 2011 Is This the Future of Treatment? Pages 8–10 NAADAC BOARD OF DIRECTORS NAADAC OFFICERS SOUTHEAST (updated 10/17/11) Eddie Albright, Alabama President Daniel L. Carzoli, MA, CAP, CMHP, NCAC II, ICADC, Florida Donald P. Osborn, MS, MA, MAC, LMHC E. Wayne Bland, MSW, LCSW, CAC II, Georgia Albert C. Stallworth, Sr., MA, CCAP, ICAADC, Mississippi President-Elect Wrenn Rivenbark, North Carolina Robert C. Richards, MA, NCAC II, CADC III Cathy Jaggars, South Carolina Secretary Toby Abrams, Tennessee Roger A. Curtiss, LAC, NCAC II SOUTHWEST Treasurer James J. Roth, MEd, LPC, LISAC, CADAC, CEAP, Arizona Edward Olsen, LCSW, CASAC, SAP Mita Johnson, Colorado Past President Mark C. Fratzke, MA, MAC, CSAC, CSAPA, Hawaii Patricia M. Greer, BA, LCDC, AAC Della Garlitz, New Mexico Allen Flagg, Jr., Nevada NAADAC-National Certification Commission Chair Allison Weaver, MPH, LADC, Utah James Holder III, MA, MAC, LPC, LPCS ORGANIZATIONAL REPRESENTATIVE Executive Director George Joseph, The Right Step/Spirit Lodge Cynthia Moreno Tuohy, NCAC II, CCDC III, SAP PAST PRESIDENTS REGIONAL VICE PRESIDENTS Robert Dorris (1972–1977) Mid-Atlantic (Represents New Jersey, Delaware, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Col. Mel Schulstad, CCDC, NCAC II (ret’d) (1977–1979) the District of Columbia, Maryland & West Virginia) Jack Hamlin (1979–1981) Thomas Durham, PhD John Brumbaugh, MA, LSW, CADAC IV, NCAC II (1981–1982) Mid-Central (Represents Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Michigan, Tom Claunch, CAC (1982–1986) Ohio & Wisconsin) Franklin D.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Species of Arboreal Pitviper from the Atlantic Versant of Northern Central America
    Rev. Biol. Trop., 48(4): 1001-1013, 2000 www.ucr.ac.cr www.ots.ac.cr www.ots.duke.edu A new species of arboreal pitviper from the Atlantic versant of northern Central America Jonathan A. Campbell1 and Eric N. Smith1 1 Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76010, USA. Fax 817-272-2406. e- mail (JAC) [email protected], (ENS) [email protected] Received 9-II-2000. Corrected 14-VI-2000. Accepted 16-VI-2000. Abstract: A new species of green, prehensile-tailed pitviper of the genus Bothriechis is described from the Atlantic slopes of eastern Guatemala and western Honduras. This species appears to be most closely related to B. bicolor of the Pacific versant of Chiapas (Mexico) and Guatemala. Several other species of Bothriechis occur on the Atlantic versant of northern Central America, including two montane species, B. aurifer and B. marchi but, with one possible exception, these are not known to be sympatric with the new species and occur in differ- ent mountain ranges. The widespread B. schlegelii occurs up to at least 900 m on the Sierra de Caral, where the lowest elevation recorded for the new species is 885 m. Key words: Reptilia, Squamata, Viperidae, Pitvipers, Bothriechis, New species, Izabal, Guatemala, Honduras. Species of the arboreal pitviper genus pitvipers that are usually mostly greenish in Bothriechis range from the highlands immedi- color, have the middle preocular and suprala- ately east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to cunal coalesced into a single scale, and have western Panama, with one species extending an exceptionally short tail spine that is usual- into northern South America (Crother et al.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Table S1. Temporal, Spectral, and Scaling Variables from Calls Of
    Table S1. Temporal, spectral, and scaling variables from calls of poison frogs including phylogeny identifier (Phy ID), locality, call behavior, habit, temperature, size, number of recordings, multinote call features, units of repetition (UR), initial pulse-note, and middle pulse-note parameters. Analyzed Phy Locality Call Temp SVL (mm) Genus Species Latitude Longitude Habit recordings ID ID Behavior °C N ! SD N of ♂ Allobates algorei 60 El Tama 7.65375 -72.19137 concealed terrestrial 23.50 8 18.90 0.70 3 Allobates brunneus 37 Guimaraes -15.2667 -55.5311 -- terrestrial 26.50 1 16.13 0.00 1 Allobates caeruleodactylus 48 Borba -4.398593 -59.60251 exposed terrestrial 25.60 12 15.50 0.40 1 Allobates crombiei 52 Altamira -3.65 -52.38 concealed terrestrial 24.10 2 18.10 0.04 2 Allobates femoralis 43 ECY -0.633 -76.5 concealed terrestrial 25.60 20 23.58 1.27 6 Allobates femoralis 46 Porongaba -8.67 -72.78 exposed terrestrial 25.00 1 25.38 0.00 1 Allobates femoralis 44 Leticia -4.2153 -69.9406 exposed terrestrial 25.50 1 20.90 0.00 1 Allobates femoralis 40 Albergue -12.8773 -71.3865 exposed terrestrial 26.00 6 21.98 2.18 1 Allobates femoralis 41 CAmazonico -12.6 -70.08 exposed terrestrial 26.00 12 22.43 1.06 4 Allobates femoralis 45 El Palmar 8.333333 -61.66667 concealed terrestrial 24.00 27 25.50 0.76 1 Allobates granti 49 FG 3.62 -53.17 exposed terrestrial 24.60 8 16.15 0.55 1 Allobates humilis 59 San Ramon 8.8678 -70.4861 concealed terrestrial 19.50 -- 21.80 -- 1 Allobates insperatus 54 ECY -0.633 -76.4005 exposed terrestrial 24.60 18 16.64 0.93 7 Allobates aff.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2012 English
    Annual Report 2012 Annual Report 2012 The Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund provides financial support to species conservation projects worldwide. In 2012, The Mohamed bin Zayed Species Conservation Fund supported 217 projects in 75 countries with more than $1.5m. More than $1.36m was granted to species listed as Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List. Your Highness In 2012 the Fund has been able to greatly aid the global effort to conserve the diversity of life by continuing its success and giving $1.5m to more than 200 projects worldwide. Since its inception, the Fund has now disbursed more than $8.7m to targeted species conservation work, implemented through nearly 825 projects in more than 125 countries across six continents. The impact of the Fund continues to amaze me. Among the more than 200 projects supported in 2012, the financial support provided by the Fund helped train a pilot in Kenya who is now patrolling rhino habitat for poachers; it helped locate the breeding grounds of a sea bird previously thought to be extinct; it aided in the discovery of several new tree species in Mexico and many new species of spiders in India; it protected the habitat of a butterfly in Nepal and that of a cave-dwelling amphibian in Croatia. The stories of success are replicated across many species, in many locations across the globe. In 2012, the Fund received more than 1,500 grant applications – a statistic clearly indicating the global urgency of species conservation and the popularity of the Fund.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Chemical Defense in Poison Frogs (Dendrobatidae): Ecology, Pharmacokinetics, and Autoresistance
    Chapter 21 A Review of Chemical Defense in Poison Frogs (Dendrobatidae): Ecology, Pharmacokinetics, and Autoresistance Juan C. Santos , Rebecca D. Tarvin , and Lauren A. O’Connell 21.1 Introduction Chemical defense has evolved multiple times in nearly every major group of life, from snakes and insects to bacteria and plants (Mebs 2002 ). However, among land vertebrates, chemical defenses are restricted to a few monophyletic groups (i.e., clades). Most of these are amphibians and snakes, but a few rare origins (e.g., Pitohui birds) have stimulated research on acquired chemical defenses (Dumbacher et al. 1992 ). Selective pressures that lead to defense are usually associated with an organ- ism’s limited ability to escape predation or conspicuous behaviors and phenotypes that increase detectability by predators (e.g., diurnality or mating calls) (Speed and Ruxton 2005 ). Defended organisms frequently evolve warning signals to advertise their defense, a phenomenon known as aposematism (Mappes et al. 2005 ). Warning signals such as conspicuous coloration unambiguously inform predators that there will be a substantial cost if they proceed with attack or consumption of the defended prey (Mappes et al. 2005 ). However, aposematism is likely more complex than the simple pairing of signal and defense, encompassing a series of traits (i.e., the apose- matic syndrome) that alter morphology, physiology, and behavior (Mappes and J. C. Santos (*) Department of Zoology, Biodiversity Research Centre , University of British Columbia , #4200-6270 University Blvd , Vancouver , BC , Canada , V6T 1Z4 e-mail: [email protected] R. D. Tarvin University of Texas at Austin , 2415 Speedway Stop C0990 , Austin , TX 78712 , USA e-mail: [email protected] L.
    [Show full text]