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PUERTAS ABIERTAS | OPEN DAYS Tribunal Supremo | Supreme Court 2019 PUERTAS ABIERTAS | OPEN DAYS Tribunal Supremo | Supreme Court 2019 Imagen de portada: Salón de Plenos | Front page image: Plenary Hall Salón de Pasos Perdidos | Hall of Lost Steps Fachada del Tribunal Supremo. Plaza de la Villa de París | Facade of the Supreme Court. Plaza de la Villa de París PUERTAS ABIERTAS | OPEN DAYS | 2019 Contenidos | Contents Carta del Presidente | Letter from the President .......................................................................................... 7 Qué es el Tribunal Supremo | What is the Supreme Court? ........................................................................ 11 Composición del Tribunal Supremo | Composition of the Supreme Court ..................................................... 12 Historia del Tribunal Supremo | History of the Supreme Court .................................................................... 14 El Poder Judicial en la Constitución Española | The Judiciary in the Spanish Constitution ................................ 16 Estructura judicial | Judicial structure ....................................................................................................... 18 ¿Qué hacen los jueces? | What do judges do? ......................................................................................... 22 461 Juzgados para combatir la violencia de género | 461 Courts to fight against gender-based violence ....... 29 El Tribunal del Jurado | Jury Courts .......................................................................................................... 30 El Poder Judicial español: 2.923 mujeres y 2.496 hombres | The Spanish Judiciary: 2,923 women and 2,496 men ............................................................................... 32 El gobierno de los jueces | Governance of judges ..................................................................................... 34 ¿Y si quiero ser juez? | What if I want to be a judge? ................................................................................ 37 5 Carlos Lesmes Serrano. Presidente del Tribunal Supremo y del Consejo General del Poder Judicial | President of the Supreme Court and General Council of the Judiciary PUERTAS ABIERTAS | OPEN DAYS | 2019 Carta del Presidente Cada año, entrado ya el otoño, en el Tribunal Supremo nos hace especial ilusión invitar a los ciudadanos a que nos visiten durante las Jornadas de Puertas Abiertas, que se celebran desde 2005 y que permiten a cualquiera que tenga interés en ello conocer de primera mano cómo somos por dentro, cómo es el Tribunal Supremo de todos los españoles y cómo funciona nuestra Justicia en su escalón más alto. Estas Jornadas representan la apertura de la judicatura hacia la ciudadanía, a cuyo servicio nos encontramos. Y por eso son tan importantes. En el Tribunal Supremo estamos convencidos de que la transparencia y la cercanía a la sociedad son dos pilares esenciales sobre los que debe asentarse la justicia que impartimos y que entendemos como un servicio público. Lejos queda ya de nuestra cultura aquella justicia concebida como un poder distante en el que en un proceso desconocido se dilucidaban las cuestiones que atañían a todos. Los ciudadanos deben saber dónde, cómo y por quiénes se toman las decisiones que les afectan. En el Tribunal Supremo, como órgano constitucional del Estado que culmina la organización del Poder Judicial, deseamos profundizar cada vez más en nuestro afán por trasladar a la sociedad una imagen real de lo que es hoy en día la Justicia con mayúsculas: una función jurisdiccional que se basa exclusivamente en la legalidad y, por tanto, una función imbuida de rigor, objetividad y seriedad, que lleva a cabo la trascendente tarea de garantizar el derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva. Pero esa sobriedad y rigor no debe impedir que al mismo tiempo sea una labor cercana, conocida y familiar para los ciudadanos, porque es a ellos a quienes servimos. Letter from the President At the start of autumn each year, those of us here at the Supreme Court are delighted to invite members of the public to visit us during the Open Days, as we have been doing since 2005. Everyone is welcome to come and see first-hand what happens inside, to find out what the Supreme Court of the Spanish people is like and to see how Justice works at the highest level. On these days, the judiciary opens its doors to the general public that we serve. That is why they are so important. At the Supreme Court, we are convinced that transparency and proximity to society are two fundamental pillars on which justice rests – this is the kind of justice that we deliver and that we view as a public service. Far outside the cultural domain, justice used to be seen as a distant power, whereby matters that concerned everyone would be pondered through arcane procedures. The public should know where, how and by whom decisions affecting them are made. We at the Supreme Court, a constitutional State body at the pinnacle of the Judiciary, wish to step up our efforts to give society a true reflection of the current meaning of Justice with a capital ‘J’: it is a judicial function based solely on legality and, as such, it is a function imbued with rigour, objectivity and seriousness which performs the all-important task of safeguarding the right to an effective legal remedy. Nonetheless, such seriousness and rigour must not prevent our work from being familiar and accessible to, and understood by, the people we serve. 7 Tribunal Supremo | Supreme Court Buena prueba de nuestro compromiso con la proximidad son los Portales de Transparencia del Poder Judicial. El camino iniciado en 2014 con la puesta en marcha del Portal del órgano de gobierno de los jueces, el Consejo General del Poder Judicial (CGPJ), se vio culminado el 14 de febrero de 2017 con la entrada en funcionamiento del Portal de Transparencia del Tribunal Supremo, que permite a los ciudadanos, entre otras muchas cosas, seguir la tramitación de sus casos ante dicho tribunal. Durante este año 2019 hemos comprobado de una manera especial esta inquietud e interés de los ciudadanos por la Justicia. En un año en el que hemos asistido a uno de los juicios más importantes celebrados desde que España vive en democracia, la denominada ‘causa del procés’ seguida en la Sala de lo Penal del Tribunal Supremo, nos sentimos enormemente satisfechos con la cantidad de ciudadanos que se han interesado por un asunto de tanta trascendencia para nuestro país. La retransmisión de este juicio en streaming a través de la web del CGPJ ha supuesto un importante reto para el tribunal y, asimismo, ha significado la consagración del principio de transparencia que, como digo, debe regir las relaciones entre los ciudadanos y los poderes públicos. En efecto, ésta ha sido la primera vez en la historia judicial española en la que se ha retransmitido en la web del Poder Judicial un juicio íntegro y en tiempo real. En una sociedad en la que cada vez más se busca ese acercamiento de los poderes públicos a los ciudadanos, nos sentimos muy orgullosos de que esa retransmisión recibiera más de un millón de visitas durante los cuatro meses de vista oral. Ese dato demuestra el cada vez mayor interés que la Justicia despierta en nuestra sociedad, y por ello creo que no me equivoco al afirmar que ese anhelo de transparencia y cercanía que mantenemos en el Tribunal Supremo encuentra su respuesta y satisfacción, precisamente, en ese deseo de conocimiento y acercamiento a la Justicia que tienen nuestros ciudadanos. Por ello, en nombre de todos los que formamos parte del Tribunal Supremo del Reino de España, doy la más cordial bienvenida a todos los ciudadanos que quieran conocernos más de cerca durante estos días. Carlos Lesmes Serrano Presidente del Tribunal Supremo y del Consejo General del Poder Judicial Detalle fresco. Escalera8 de Honor | Staircase of Honour detail PUERTAS ABIERTAS | OPEN DAYS | 2019 A prime example of this commitment to openness is the Transparency Portal of the Judiciary. The process started in 2014 with the launch of the Portal of the General Council of the Judiciary (CGPJ), the governing body of judges, culminated on 14 February 2017 when the Transparency Portal of the Supreme Court went online. Among many other things, the Portal allows citizens to track the progress of their cases pending before the Court. In 2019, we saw the public take a particularly keen interest in Justice in a special way. In a year that has seen one of the most important trials since the restoration of democracy in Spain, namely the trial of the Catalonia independence leaders known as the “causa del procés”, under way in the Criminal Chamber of the Supreme Court, we feel enormously satisfied with the number of people who have taken an interest in a case of such great significance for the country. The live streaming of this trial on the CGPJ website has been a major challenge for the court, but it has enshrined of the principle of transparency which, as I have said, must govern the relationship between citizens and public institutions. Indeed, it was the first time in Spanish legal history that an entire trial has been broadcast live and in real time on the Judiciary’s website. In a society that is seeking to bring public institutions closer to the people, we are extremely proud to note that it received more than one million visits throughout the four-month trial. This highlights society’s ever-growing interest in Justice, which is why I believe that I am not wrong in asserting that the Supreme Court’s yearning for transparency and outreach is reciprocated
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