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A Historical and Legal Study of Sovereignty in the Canadian North : Terrestrial Sovereignty, 1870–1939
University of Calgary PRISM: University of Calgary's Digital Repository University of Calgary Press University of Calgary Press Open Access Books 2014 A historical and legal study of sovereignty in the Canadian north : terrestrial sovereignty, 1870–1939 Smith, Gordon W. University of Calgary Press "A historical and legal study of sovereignty in the Canadian north : terrestrial sovereignty, 1870–1939", Gordon W. Smith; edited by P. Whitney Lackenbauer. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, 2014 http://hdl.handle.net/1880/50251 book http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 International Downloaded from PRISM: https://prism.ucalgary.ca A HISTORICAL AND LEGAL STUDY OF SOVEREIGNTY IN THE CANADIAN NORTH: TERRESTRIAL SOVEREIGNTY, 1870–1939 By Gordon W. Smith, Edited by P. Whitney Lackenbauer ISBN 978-1-55238-774-0 THIS BOOK IS AN OPEN ACCESS E-BOOK. It is an electronic version of a book that can be purchased in physical form through any bookseller or on-line retailer, or from our distributors. Please support this open access publication by requesting that your university purchase a print copy of this book, or by purchasing a copy yourself. If you have any questions, please contact us at ucpress@ ucalgary.ca Cover Art: The artwork on the cover of this book is not open access and falls under traditional copyright provisions; it cannot be reproduced in any way without written permission of the artists and their agents. The cover can be displayed as a complete cover image for the purposes of publicizing this work, but the artwork cannot be extracted from the context of the cover of this specificwork without breaching the artist’s copyright. -
Peary Arctic Club Expedition to the North Pole, 1908-9 Author(S): Robert E
Peary Arctic Club Expedition to the North Pole, 1908-9 Author(s): Robert E. Peary and R. A. Harris Source: The Geographical Journal, Vol. 36, No. 2 (Aug., 1910), pp. 129-144 Published by: geographicalj Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1777691 Accessed: 08-05-2016 16:09 UTC Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Wiley, The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Geographical Journal This content downloaded from 143.89.105.150 on Sun, 08 May 2016 16:09:32 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms The Geographical Journal. No. 2. AUGUST, 1910. VOL. XXXVI. PEARY ARCTIC CLUB EXPEDITION TO THE NORTH POLE, 1908-9.* By COMMANDER ROBERT E. PEARY. THE last North Polar Expedition of the Peary Arctic Club t left New York harbour on July 6, 1908, in the steamer Roosevelt, built by the club especially for Arctic work, and commanded by Captain Robert A. Bartlett. The members of the expedition were as follows, a total of 22: Commander R. E. Peary, U.S.N., Commander of the expedition; Captain R. -
Dream Merchants
DREAM MERCHANTS I N V E S T I G A T I N G T H E M Y S T E R I O U S D E A T H S O F T H R E E J A P A N E S E C L I M B E R S ON DENALI IN 1989 BY JON WATERMAN Kahiltna Pass, 10,000 feet, lower left with trail to 11,200-foot camp and up West Buttress; Denali Pass visible upper left. TOM FALLEY 22 ASCENT 2020 ASCENT 2020 23 This photograph and another shot from the The 17-man rescue team hauls the bodies of air show that none of the deceased climbers Yamada, Saegusa and Komatsu to a waiting helicopter. Cyclonic winds delayed the body recovery held their knees or burrowed or assumed for over a month. The three climbers were found just the fetal position of those trying to shelter 15 minutes from their last camp. from the extreme cold. Nor had they begun removing their clothing in the frequent final act of “paradoxical undressing” by translated), were weirdly incomplete. It was hypothermic victims flushed by dilated blood as if Yamada’s deferential Japanese supporters vessels that cause a burning sensation. could not dig up or divulge how the men really From my experience as a Denali perished. WHEN NORBORU YAMADA and his two mountaineering ranger performing scores of Several accounts of successful winter Japanese companions didn’t return from searches for climbers, rescues or recoveries— climbs on Denali serve as noteworthy and theW West Buttress, Denali’s easiest route, in along with a study of accident victims for even inspirational models, such as the book February 1989, no one could understand my book Surviving Denali—I wanted Minus 148 (detailing how three climbers what had happened. -
Geographical Report of the Crocker Land Expedition, 1913-1917
5.083 (701) Article VL-GEOGRAPHICAL REPORT OF THE CROCKER LAND EXPEDITION, 1913-1917. BY DONALD B. MACMILLAN CONTENTS PAGE INTRODUCTION......................................................... 379 SLEDGE TRIP ON NORTH POLAR SEA, SPRING, 1914 .......................... 384 ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATIONS-ON NORTH POLAR SEA, 1914 ................ 401 ETAH TO POLAR SEA AND RETURN-MARCH AVERAGES .............. ........ 404 WINTER AND SPRING WORK, 1915-1916 ............. ......................... 404 SPRING WORK OF 1917 .................................... ............ 418 GENERAL SUMMARY ....................................................... 434 INTRODUCTJON The following report embraces the geographical work accomplished by the Crocker Land Expedition during -four years (Summer, 19.13, to Summer, 1917) spent at Etah, NortJaGreenland. Mr. Ekblaw, who was placed in charge of the 1916 expeditin, will present a separate report. The results of the expedition, naturally, depended upon the loca tion of its headquarters. The enforced selection of Etah, North Green- land, seriously handicapped the work of the expedition from start to finish, while the. expenses of the party were more than doubled. The. first accident, the grounding of the Diana upon the coast of Labrador, was a regrettable adventure. The consequent delay, due to unloading, chartering, and reloading, resulted in such a late arrival at Etah that our plans were disarranged. It curtailed in many ways the eageimess of the men to reach their objective point at the head of Flagler Bay, te proposed site of the winter quarters. The leader and his party being but passengers upon a chartered ship was another handicap, since the captain emphatically declared that he would not steam across Smith Sound. There was but one decision to be made, namely: to land upon the North Greenland shore within striking distance of Cape Sabine. -
Chapter Four
Chapter Four South Denali Visitor Center Complex: Interpretive Master Plan Site Resources Tangible Natural Site Features 1. Granite outcroppings and erratic Resources are at the core of an boulders (glacial striations) interpretive experience. Tangible resources, those things that can be seen 2. Panoramic views of surrounding or touched, are important for connecting landscape visitors physically to a unique site. • Peaks of the Alaska Range Intangible resources, such as concepts, (include Denali/Mt. McKinley, values, and events, facilitate emotional Mt. Foraker, Mt. Hunter, Mt. and meaningful experiences for visitors. Huntington, Mt. Dickey, Moose’s Effective interpretation occurs when Erratic boulders on Curry Ridge. September, 2007 Tooth, Broken Tooth, Tokosha tangible resources are connected with Mountains) intangible meanings. • Peters Hills • Talkeetna Mountains The visitor center site on Curry Ridge maximizes access to resources that serve • Braided Chulitna River and valley as tangible connections to the natural and • Ruth Glacier cultural history of the region. • Curry Ridge The stunning views from the visitor center site reveal a plethora of tangible Mt. McKinley/Denali features that can be interpreted. This Mt. Foraker Mt. Hunter Moose’s Tooth shot from Google Earth shows some of the major ones. Tokosha Ruth Glacier Mountains Chulitna River Parks Highway Page 22 3. Diversity of habitats and uniquely 5. Unfettered views of the open sky adapted vegetation • Aurora Borealis/Northern Lights • Lake 1787 (alpine lake) • Storms, clouds, and other weather • Alpine Tundra (specially adapted patterns plants, stunted trees) • Sun halos and sun dogs • High Brush (scrub/shrub) • Spruce Forests • Numerous beaver ponds and streams Tangible Cultural Site Features • Sedge meadows and muskegs 1. -
Thirteen Nations on Mount Everest John Cleare 9
Thirteen nations on Mount Everest John Cleare In Nepal the 1971 pre-monsoon season was notable perhaps for two things, first for the worst weather for some seventy years, and second for the failure of an attempt to realise a long-cherished dream-a Cordee internationale on the top of the world. But was it a complete failure? That the much publicised International Himalayan Expedition failed in its climbing objectives is fact, but despite the ill-informed pronouncements of the headline devouring sceptics, safe in their arm-chairs, those of us who were actually members of the expedition have no doubt that internationally we did not fail. The project has a long history, and my first knowledge of it was on a wet winter's night in 1967 at Rusty Baillie's tiny cottage in the Highlands when John Amatt explained to me the preliminary plans for an international expedi tion. This was initially an Anglo-American-Norwegian effort, but as time went by other climbers came and went and various objectives were considered and rejected. Things started to crystallise when Jimmy Roberts was invited to lead the still-embryo expedition, and it was finally decided that the target should be the great South-west face of Mount Everest. However, unaware of this scheme, Norman Dyhrenfurth, leader of the successful American Everest expedition of 1963-film-maker and veteran Himalayan climber-was also planning an international expedition, and he had actually applied for per mission to attempt the South-west face in November 1967, some time before the final target of the other party had even been decided. -
1909-09-17, [P ]
* ■ —■J" 1 A TEXAS CLERGYMAN SIX MONTHS. ¥' ’ Edward H. Harriman, the railroad -m THE MERIDIAN TIMES king, was burled at Ardeo, N. Y.. on Speaks Out for the Benefit of Suffer- Sunday. While the services were pri V ing Thousand«. John F. Baird, Publisher. vate, only members of the family «ni In History of close friends of the Harriman family PEARY TELLS OF HIS VOYAGE Rev. G. M. Gray, Baptist clergy- rant MSIUDIAN IDAHO being present, a number of Wallstreet man, of Whitesboro, Tex., says: V rith notables were present at the Inter- “Four years ago I v *1 Ou ment. suffered misery with id IDAHO STATE NEWS Past Week Plenty of evidence designed to back First| Authentic Account of the Won lumbago. Every IS np his st at enrol that Dr. Cook did not m movement was one labil reach the north pole 1« In the hands of pain. Doan’s Kid Tat 1-awler, from Jordan Valley, ha* ¥ uf Commander Peary, according to as ney Pills removed ML Keen arrested at Caldwell charged ! The Newi Happenings of sertions made at North Sydney, N. fl, derful Expedition, Related the whole difficulty with dtvlig passed three worthless Seven Dajta Paragraphed by Herbert U Bridgman, secretary of after only a short Checks ter a total of ISO. the Pes Arctic club, time. Although I do At an exciting school election at \ j Two were kilted and n’ne injured by by Explorer. h not like to bave my Grange ville the dry ticket, |io -miring | Mrs. Bill—Now, tell me at onc the Burlington A Quincy passenger name used publicly, where have you been all this timo Cine month* school, won over the j I make an exception INTER MOUNTAIN. -
Climbs and Expeditions, 1988
Climbs and Expeditions, 1988 The Editorial Board expresses its deep gratitude to the many people who have done so much to make this section possible. We cannot list them all here, but we should like to give particular thanks to the following: Kamal K. Guha, Harish Kapadia, Soli S. Mehta, H.C. Sarin, P.C. Katoch, Zafarullah Siddiqui, Josef Nyka, Tsunemichi Ikeda, Trevor Braham, Renato More, Mirella Tenderini. Cesar Morales Arnao, Vojslav Arko, Franci Savenc, Paul Nunn, Do@ Rotovnik, Jose Manuel Anglada, Jordi Pons, Josep Paytubi, Elmar Landes, Robert Renzler, Sadao Tambe, Annie Bertholet, Fridebert Widder, Silvia Metzeltin Buscaini. Luciano Ghigo, Zhou Zheng. Ying Dao Shui, Karchung Wangchuk, Lloyd Freese, Tom Elliot, Robert Seibert, and Colin Monteath. METERS TO FEET Unfortunately the American public seems still to be resisting the change from feet to meters. To assist readers from the more enlightened countries, where meters are universally used, we give the following conversion chart: meters feet meters feet meters feet meters feet 3300 10,827 4700 15,420 6100 20,013 7500 24,607 3400 11,155 4800 15,748 6200 20,342 7600 24,935 3500 11,483 4900 16,076 6300 20,670 7700 25,263 3600 11,811 5000 16,404 6400 20,998 7800 25,591 3700 12,139 5100 16,733 6500 21,326 7900 25,919 3800 12,467 5200 17.061 6600 21,654 8000 26,247 3900 12,795 5300 7,389 6700 21,982 8100 26,575 4000 13,124 5400 17,717 6800 22,3 10 8200 26,903 4100 13,452 5500 8,045 6900 22,638 8300 27,231 4200 13,780 5600 8,373 7000 22,966 8400 27,560 4300 14,108 5700 8,701 7100 23,294 8500 27,888 4400 14,436 5800 19,029 7200 23,622 8600 28,216 4500 14,764 5900 9,357 7300 23,951 8700 28,544 4600 15,092 6000 19,685 7400 24,279 8800 28,872 NOTE: All dates in this section refer to 1988 unless otherwise stated. -
PECS Definitions and Rulings
POLAR EXPEDITIONS CLASSIFICATION SCHEME (PECS) ! DEFINITIONS AND RULINGS The Polar Expeditions Classification Scheme is a grading system for extended, unmotorised polar expeditions, crossings or circumnavigations, collectively referred to as Journeys. Polar regions, modes of travel, start and end points, routes and types of support are defined under the scheme and give expeditioners guidance on how to classify, promote and immortalise their journey. PECS uses three tiers of Designation to grade, label and describe polar journeys - a Label (made up of Label Elements), a Description and a MAP Code. Tiers are only an indication of information density. PECS does not discriminate between Modes of Travel. Each Mode is classified under the scheme allowing same-mode journeys to be compared while allowing for superficial cross-comparison. PECS is able to accommodate new modes of unmotorised travel as they develop without impacting on labelling or definitions. Journeys using engines or motors for propulsion, for any part of the journey, are not covered by PECS. PECS concentrates primarily on journeys of more than 400km in Antarctica, Greenland and on the Arctic Ocean however journeys in other polar areas and of less than 400km one-way linear distance that do not include the Poles or significant features on their line of travel may be classified on an informal basis under this scheme. Journeys choosing to use PECS must abide by PECS terminology. Shorter journeys should be labelled accordingly ie. Last Degree South Pole or Double Degree North Pole etc. All rulings and determinations are at the discretion of the PECS Committee. POLAR EXPEDITIONS CLASSIFICATION SCHEME "1 VER190220 CONTENTS 4. -
National Historic Sites Service a Prospectus Of
NATIONAL HISTORIC SITES SERVICE MANUSCRIPT REPORT NUMBER $K Vii/ L A PROSPECTUS OF HISTORIC SITES IN THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES by Richard J. Young November 1970 NATIONAL AND HISTORIC PARKS BRANCH DEPARTMENT OF INDIAN AFFAIRS AND NORTHERN DEVELOPMENT A Prospectus of Historic Sites in the Northwest Territories by Richard J. Young ii The Manuscript Report Series is printed in a limited number of copies and is intended for internal use by the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Develop ment. Copies of each issue are distributed to various public repositories in Canada, for use by interested individuals. Many of these reports will be published in Canadian Historic Sites: Occasional Papers in Archaeology and History, and may be altered during the publishing process by editing or by further research. iii A Prospectus of Historic Sites in the Northwest Territories by Richard J. Young iv Preface 1 Abstract of exploration theme 14 Exploration sites 34 The Fur Trade 40 Fur Trade Sites 52 Missionary Activity 55 Sites of Missionary Activity 60 Industrialization 62 Sites representing the beginning of the modern era 64 Additional bibliography iv PREFACE The following report Is based on research done in the National Library of Canada, Library of the Public Archives of Canada, and the Departmental Library of the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development. The work was undertaken at the request of the Government of the North west Territories, and filed with the National Historic Sites Service on November 6th, 1970. The report is an effort to present a prospectus of historic sites in the Northwest Territories. -
North America Summary, 1968
240 CLIMBS A~D REGIONAL ?\OTES North America Summary, 1968. Climbing activity in both Alaska and Canada subsided mar kedly from the peak in 1967 when both regions were celebrating their centen nials. The lessened activity seems also to have spread to other sections too for new routes and first ascents were considerably fewer. In Alaska probably the outstanding climb from the standpoint of difficulty was the fourth ascent of Mount Foraker, where a four-man party (Warren Bleser, Alex Birtulis, Hans Baer, Peter Williams) opened a new route up the central rib of the South face. Late in June this party flew in from Talkeetna to the Lacuna glacier. By 11 July they had established their Base Camp at the foot of the South face and started up the rib. This involved 10,000 ft of ice and rotten rock at an angle of 65°. In the next two weeks three camps were estab lished, the highest at 13,000 ft. Here, it was decided to make an all-out push for the summit. On 24 July two of the climbers started ahead to prepare a route. In twenty-eight hours of steady going they finally reached a suitable spot for a bivouac. The other two men who started long after them reached the same place in ten hours of steady going utilising the steps, fixed ropes and pitons left by the first party. After a night in the bivouac, the two groups then contin ued together and reached the summit, 17,300 ft, on 25 July. They were forced to bivouac another night on the return before reaching their high camp. -
Ed 069 567 Institution Spons Agency Pub Date Edrs Price
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 069 567 SO 002 739 TITLE Canada. Grade Five (Unit 6). Resource Unit. Project Social Studies. INSTITUTION Minnesota Univ., Minneapolis. Project Social Studies Curriculum Center. SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C. PUB DATE 67 NOTE 140p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58 DESCRIPTORS *Area Studies; Case Studies; City Problems; Concept Teaching; Cross Cultural Studies; Curriculum Guides; Elementary Crades; Geographic Concepts; *Geographic Regions; Geography Instruction; Grade 5; *Human Geography; Inquiry Training; Map Skills; Resource Units; Sequential Programs; *Social Studies Units; *Urban Studies IDENTIFIERS *Project Social Studies ABSTRACT The second of three main parts designed for fifth grade students, resource unit six presents an overview of the patterns and a system of regionalization on Canada, and deals with case studies which illustrate the fact that man uses his physical environment in terms of his cultural values, perceptions, and level of technology. The approach and format in the latter part of this unit, differing from previous units, is that students prepare illustrated studies of a series of important towns and cities on a traverse across southern Canada from west to east, giving more understanding of the regions within which they are found. Pupils look first at the city today and then identify factors which helped bring about the present development. The teacher's guide ED 062 226 provides program descriptions, course objectives, teaching strategies, and an explanation of format. Other related documents are ED 061 134, ED 062 227, and SO 002 732 through SO 002 741. (Author/SJM) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS SEEN REPRO.