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Ecography ECOG-03917 Brehm, G., Zeuss, D. and Colwell, R. K. 2018. Moth body size increases with elevation along a complete tropical elevational gradient for two hyperdiverse clades. – Ecography doi: 10.1111/ecog.03917 Supplementary material Appendix 1 Supplementary material Table A1: List of sampling sites with elevations, geographical coordinates and average wing lengths of males (m) and females (f) of Geometridae and Arctiinae. sp = species-based approach. ass = assemblage-based approach. EG = Elevation gradient. LT = Light traps. n.a = not analysed. *see Brehm et al. (2007). **see Brehm (2007) for details on sampling sites and collecting methods. Mean Mean Elevation Site Study Latitude Longitude Temperature Rainfall Mean EVI Mean wing length (mm) (m a.s.l.) (°C) (mm) Geometridae Arctiinae sp m ass m sp f ass f sp m ass m sp f ass f 1 40 EG* 10.3267° -084.0783° 24.07 3936 0.547 12.9 10.7 11.7 10.4 14.2 13.4 14.3 13.9 2 45 EG* 10.3250° -084.0808° 24.05 3946 0.548 13.3 11.0 12.0 10.5 14.4 13.1 15.6 14.7 3 525 EG* 10.3261° -084.0789° 21.55 4525 0.530 14.1 15.8 13.5 11.8 16.6 14.8 16.9 16.1 4 550 EG* 10.3266° -084.0802° 21.42 4557 0.539 14.0 14.7 12.4 11.1 17.1 15.2 17.8 16.8 5 1070 EG* 10.2683° -084.0851° 18.72 4922 0.462 14.9 17.6 14.5 12.9 18.8 17.0 19.7 18.0 6 1115 EG* 10.2646° -084.0844° 18.48 4861 0.460 15.5 17.4 14.2 13.3 19.0 17.7 23.5 18.6 7 1710 EG* 10.2069° -084.1152° 15.49 3842 0.521 15.7 18.1 15.4 14.3 20.0 21.6 21.9 19.8 8 1690 EG* 10.2089° -084.1161° 15.39 3807 0.521 15.6 17.7 14.9 13.8 19.4 22.0 20.9 19.2 9 2140 EG* 10.1698° -084.1128° 13.41 3409 0.498 15.8 18.1 16.3 15.9 22.1 22.8 23.3 21.5 10 2090 EG* 10.1741° -084.1117° 13.15 3368 0.510 15.0 17.3 15.4 14.7 21.6 21.7 22.7 22.7 11 2725 EG* 10.1335° -084.1155° 10.08 2894 0.526 15.5 17.0 16.0 15.3 24.1 22.7 24.4 22.1 12 2730 EG* 10.1383° -084.1000° 10.08 2894 0.489 15.3 16.6 16.1 15.7 25.5 22.3 26.7 24.7 23 525 LT 10.3266° -084.0802° n.a. n.a. n.a. 14.1 14.2 11.5 11.4 15.5 13.6 19.3 19.3 24 525 LT 10.3266° -084.0802° n.a. n.a. n.a. 14.7 14.0 12.6 12.6 16.7 14.3 17.1 16.9 25 50 LT ** 10.4252° -084.0044° n.a. n.a. n.a. 14.4 14.8 10.9 10.7 13.8 12.9 19.3 17.0 26 50 LT ** 10.4252° -084.0044° n.a. n.a. n.a. 13.1 10.9 9.9 8.5 13.7 13.7 13.9 13.9 27 40 LT ** 10.4327° -084.0098° n.a. n.a. n.a. 12.8 12.9 12.2 11.3 14.8 13.1 15.1 15.1 28 40 LT ** 10.4327° -084.0098° n.a. n.a. n.a. 12.3 10.9 8.3 8.3 12.5 13.9 10.0 10.3 29 45 LT ** 10.4318° -084.0114° n.a. n.a. n.a. 13.2 13.0 11.4 10.4 14.0 12.8 12.9 12.9 30 45 LT ** 10.4318° -084.0114° n.a. n.a. n.a. 11.5 11.2 9.1 9.2 14.3 14.9 11.7 11.7 1 Supplementary material Table A2: Diversity of Geometridae and Arctiidae. Calculated with EstimateS, version Mac910 (Colwell, 2013, http://purl.oclc.org/estimates). S(obs): Observed species richness. Data from Brehm et al. (2007). Geometridae Shannon Site Elevation ACE Completeness Alpha Alpha SD Shannon Simpson Site Individuals S(obs) Singletons Doubletons Chao1 Mean Exponential code (m) Mean (Sobs / Chao1) Mean (analytical) Mean Inv Mean Mean 1 LS a 40 424 89 44 15 147.99 147.99 0.60 34.35 2.69 3.62 37.27 20.81 2 LS b 45 401 91 49 10 197.64 197.64 0.46 36.72 2.94 3.68 39.53 22.64 3 EC a 525 399 147 86 27 277.21 277.21 0.53 84.07 6.73 4.32 75.30 34.32 4 EC b 550 528 150 78 30 246.69 246.69 0.61 69.88 4.82 4.32 74.91 42.77 5 MS a 1070 1224 213 87 36 314.03 314.03 0.68 74.54 3.52 4.50 89.73 48.18 6 MS b 1115 1413 237 100 34 378.33 378.33 0.63 81.46 3.60 4.64 103.11 58.81 7 FG a 1710 1474 258 96 47 352.94 352.94 0.73 90.54 3.89 4.65 104.76 43.08 8 FG b 1690 1377 231 81 42 306.29 306.29 0.75 79.4 3.56 4.43 84.32 31.57 9 SR a 2140 1702 224 61 43 265.57 265.57 0.84 69.04 2.90 4.31 74.09 24.22 10 SR b 2090 1647 247 98 37 372.00 372.00 0.66 80.58 3.36 4.36 77.93 28.20 11 V a 2730 1291 132 41 20 171.02 171.02 0.77 36.82 1.88 3.82 45.71 21.60 12 V b 2730 1908 132 37 15 173.60 173.60 0.76 32.21 1.49 3.85 46.9 26.15 Arctiinae Shannon Elevation Singletons Doubletons ACE Completeness Alpha Alpha SD Shannon Simpson Site Site Individuals S(obs) Chao1 Mean Exponential (m) Mean Mean Mean (Sobs / Chao1) Mean (analytical) Mean Inv Mean Mean 1 LS a 40 201 36 15 7 49.06 49.06 0.73 12.78 1.48 2.74 15.47 9.04 2 LS b 45 191 43 21 8 66.21 66.21 0.65 17.27 2.00 2.90 18.18 10.01 3 EC a 525 195 67 34 14 104.21 104.21 0.64 36.08 4.11 3.69 40.04 25.20 4 EC b 550 190 61 37 6 155.64 155.64 0.39 31.10 3.58 3.45 31.52 18.03 5 MS a 1070 396 73 37 13 120.45 120.45 0.61 26.29 2.17 3.30 27.10 13.55 6 MS b 1115 490 67 26 10 96.49 96.49 0.69 20.99 1.63 3.16 23.63 11.63 7 FG a 1710 343 48 18 8 64.95 64.95 0.74 15.19 1.41 3.01 20.24 12.22 8 FG b 1690 213 43 23 4 93.36 93.36 0.46 16.24 1.80 2.66 14.29 5.79 9 SR a 2140 319 35 14 4 53.14 53.14 0.66 10.03 1.01 2.78 16.05 9.68 10 SR b 2090 350 33 9 6 38.13 38.13 0.87 8.94 0.89 2.73 15.36 10.45 11 V a 2730 41 8 1 2 8.00 8.00 1.00 2.97 0.75 1.82 6.16 5.14 12 V b 2730 105 11 2 2 11.33 11.33 0.97 3.10 0.55 1.82 6.16 4.29 2 Supplementary material Table A3: Overview of numbers of specimens and species analysed. Boldface: significant change (p < 0.05). Geometridae % Arctiinae % SPECIMENS Wing length measured 13850 92.0% 3.909 93.8% estimated 1197 8.0% 258 6.2% Males 10782 71.7% 3.271 78.5% Females 4265 28.3% 897 21.5% Elevational gradient males 9959 2.309 females 3829 726 total 13788 91.6% 3.035 72.9% Lowland light traps total 1259 8.4% 1.132 27.1% SPECIMEN TOTAL 15047 100% 4,167 100% SPECIES (all specimens) Only males present 207 26.0% 123 39.9% Only females present 130 16.3% 49 15.9% Males and females present 457 57.6% 136 44.2% Males larger 99 21.7% 22 16.2% Females larger 329 72.0% 107 78.7% Sexes equal 29 6.3% 7 5.1% SPECIES TOTAL 794 100% 308 100% COMMON SPECIES ≥ 10 individuals measured males 190 100% 62 100% females 100 100% 20 100% FWL CHANGE WITH ELEVATION Increase (bold: significant) males 148 (66) 77% (34%) 37 (15) 60% (24%) females 74 (18) 74% (18%) 15 (4) 75% (20%) Decrease (bold: significant) males 42 (6) 22% (3%) 25 (4) 40% (6%) females 26 (0) 26% (0%) 5 (0) 25% (0%) 3 Supplementary material Table A4: Forewing length, weight, and forewing area of 57 species of male Geometridae moths.
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  • Diplomarbeit

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    DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit Early stages and feeding ecology of loopers (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in a south Ecuadorian montane rainforest. angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Naturwissenschaften (Mag. rer.nat.) Verfasserin / Verfasser: Florian Bodner Matrikel-Nummer: 0448250 Studienrichtung (lt. Studien- Ökologie (A444) blatt): Betreuerin / Betreuer: Univ.-Prof. Mag. Dr. Konrad Fiedler Wien, am 10. Mai 2007 Formular Nr.: A.04 2 Early stages and feeding ecology of loopers (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) in a south Ecuadorian montane rainforest Abstract During four months of field surveys at the Reserva Biológica San Francisco in the south Ecuadorian Andes, caterpillars of 64 Geometridae species were collected in a montane rainforest between 1800 and 2800m altitude and reared to adulthood. The resulting data on host plant affiliations of these species is listed and compared with published literature records on species and genus level. Data on larval and pupal morphology is presented, together with data on rearing success and on the proportion of parasitoid infestation. Characteristic features of larval morphology and behaviour are described. For 56 species these are the first records ever to be assembled of their early stages, and for another 5 species the data significantly extend known host plant ranges. Most larvae were collected on woody plants (64% of species). The most important host plant families were Melastomataceae (12 species recorded) followed by Asteraceae and Piperaceae (eight species each), and Dennstaedtiaceae (seven species). Unusual host plant affiliations recorded during this study were a quite high number of seven (11%) fern feeding species (mainly on Dennstaedtiaceae) and 3 (5%) lichen feeding species. The genus Eois was confirmed as being bound to larval host plants in the genus Piper.
  • Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from Brazil

    Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from Brazil

    13 4 289 Teston NOTES ON GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION Check List 13 (4): 289–291 https://doi.org/10.15560/13.4.289 First record of Toulgoetarctia nigripuncta (Joicey & Talbot, 1918) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from Brazil José Augusto Teston Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade and Instituto de Ciências da Educação – Laboratório de Estudos de Lepidópteros Neotropicais, Rua Vera Paz s/n, CEP 68040-255, Santarém, PA, Brazil; [email protected] Abstract This note reports the first record of Toulgoetarctia nigripuncta (Joicey & Talbot, 1918) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arc- tiinae) in Brazil. The specimens was found in the Amazônia National Park, Pará state, Eastern Amazon. The distribu- tion of T. nigripuncta is enlarged 1000 km towards to the south in relation to the closest record for the species. Key words Noctuoidea, Arctiini, Phaegopterina, tiger-moths, Neotropics. Academic editor: Ricardo R. Siewert | Received 9 May 2017 | Accepted 25 June 2017 | Published 14 August 2017 Citation: Teston JA (2017) First record of Toulgoetarctia nigripuncta (Joicey & Talbot, 1918) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from Brazil. Check List 13 (4): 289–291. https://doi.org/10.15560/13.4.289 Introduction Methods The genus Toulgoetarctia was described by Coenen Three individuals of T. nigripuncta (Fig. 1) were recorded and Gibeaux in 2014 and its distribution is exclusively between 14–15 July 2013 and 3–4 October 2013, using Neotropical; currently there are 6 described species L-shaped light traps made with 2 white sheets (2 × 2 m) (Coenen and Gibeaux 2014, Gibeaux and Coenen 2014), and 2 mixed-lamps (250 watts), in the Amazônia National and among these, 2 have known distribution in Brazil: Park, Municipality of Itaituba, state of Pará, Brazil Toulgoetarctia haematora Coenen & Gibeaux, 2014 (04°32′52.9″ S, 056°18′11.8″ W) (Fig.