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Culture in External Relations and Cooperation Between Europe and Egypt

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Culture in External Relations and Cooperation Between Europe and Egypt Culture in External Relations and Cooperation between Europe and Egypt Montserrat Casanovas i Olivares ADVERTIMENT. La consulta d’aquesta tesi queda condicionada a l’acceptació de les següents condicions d'ús: La difusió d’aquesta tesi per mitjà del servei TDX (www.tdx.cat) i a través del Dipòsit Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha estat autoritzada pels titulars dels drets de propietat intel·lectual únicament per a usos privats emmarcats en activitats d’investigació i docència. No s’autoritza la seva reproducció amb finalitats de lucre ni la seva difusió i posada a disposició des d’un lloc aliè al servei TDX ni al Dipòsit Digital de la UB. No s’autoritza la presentació del seu contingut en una finestra o marc aliè a TDX o al Dipòsit Digital de la UB (framing). Aquesta reserva de drets afecta tant al resum de presentació de la tesi com als seus continguts. En la utilització o cita de parts de la tesi és obligat indicar el nom de la persona autora. ADVERTENCIA. La consulta de esta tesis queda condicionada a la aceptación de las siguientes condiciones de uso: La difusión de esta tesis por medio del servicio TDR (www.tdx.cat) y a través del Repositorio Digital de la UB (diposit.ub.edu) ha sido autorizada por los titulares de los derechos de propiedad intelectual únicamente para usos privados enmarcados en actividades de investigación y docencia. No se autoriza su reproducción con finalidades de lucro ni su difusión y puesta a disposición desde un sitio ajeno al servicio TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB. No se autoriza la presentación de su contenido en una ventana o marco ajeno a TDR o al Repositorio Digital de la UB (framing). Esta reserva de derechos afecta tanto al resumen de presentación de la tesis como a sus contenidos. En la utilización o cita de partes de la tesis es obligado indicar el nombre de la persona autora. WARNING. On having consulted this thesis you’re accepting the following use conditions: Spreading this thesis by the TDX (www.tdx.cat) service and by the UB Digital Repository (diposit.ub.edu) has been authorized by the titular of the intellectual property rights only for private uses placed in investigation and teaching activities. Reproduction with lucrative aims is not authorized nor its spreading and availability from a site foreign to the TDX service or to the UB Digital Repository. Introducing its content in a window or frame foreign to the TDX service or to the UB Digital Repository is not authorized (framing). Those rights affect to the presentation summary of the thesis as well as to its contents. In the using or citation of parts of the thesis it’s obliged to indicate the name of the author. CULTURE IN EXTERNAL RELATIONS AND COOPERATION BETWEEN EUROPE AND EGYPT Doctoral thesis Montserrat Casanovas i Olivares Director Dr. Lluís Bonet i Agustí Programa de Doctorat "Gestió de la Cultura i del Patrimoni" Facultat d'Economia i Empresa Maig 2017 ii CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................ IX ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................... XI LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................... XIII LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................... XVII SUMMARY ............................................................................................................ XIX I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1. PRESENTATION .................................................................................................................................. 3 2. PURPOSE OF THE RESEARCH .............................................................................................................. 5 3. OBJECTIVES ........................................................................................................................................ 8 3.1. General objectives ............................................................................................................................ 8 3.2. Specific objectives ............................................................................................................................. 8 4. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM ........................................................................................................... 9 4.1. The role of culture in the international relations ............................................................................. 9 4.2. Culture and international relations in a specific geographical and cultural context ...................... 10 4.3. Coordination among the different European actors abroad .......................................................... 11 5. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................... 13 II. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................ 15 1. CULTURE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ..................................................................................... 17 1.1. THE SCOPE OF CULTURE ................................................................................................................. 17 1.2. NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN UNION DEFINITIONS OR USE OF THE TERM 'CULTURE' ..................... 18 1.2.1. Concept of culture of Egypt .................................................................................................... 18 1.2.2. National definitions of culture by some European countries ................................................. 18 1.2.3. The EU terminology related to culture ................................................................................... 19 1.3. CULTURE AND INTERNATIONAL LAW: LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ................................................ 19 1.4. CULTURE IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ...................................................................................... 20 1.4.1. International cultural policies or international cultural relations? ......................................... 21 1.4.2. Definition of international cultural relations .......................................................................... 21 1.4.3. Factors affecting the evolution of international cultural relations ......................................... 23 1.4.4. Cultural cooperation ............................................................................................................... 24 iii 1.5. CULTURAL DIPLOMACY ................................................................................................................... 24 1.5.1. The start and the evolution of cultural diplomacy .................................................................. 24 1.5.2. Cultural Diplomacy of the Arab countries ............................................................................... 25 1.5.3. Cultural External Actions and Cultural Diplomacy .................................................................. 25 1.5.4. Some critics to cultural diplomacy .......................................................................................... 26 1.5.5. Cultural diplomacy as soft power ............................................................................................ 26 1.5.6. Studies and analysis about cultural diplomacy ....................................................................... 28 1.6. CULTURAL COOPERATION .............................................................................................................. 31 1.6.1. The value of culture in the international context ................................................................... 32 1.7. FROM NATION BRANDING TO COMPETITIVE IDENTITY ................................................................. 34 1.8. CULTURE AND DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................................................... 35 1.8.1. The inclusion of the human aspects to development ............................................................. 35 1.8.2. Culture and cooperation to development .............................................................................. 36 1.8.3. Increased focus on the contribution of culture to the economy ............................................ 36 2. INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS AND CULTURAL DIPLOMACY: THE EURO-ARAB CONTEXT ................... 37 2.1. CULTURE IN EU EXTERNAL RELATIONS POLICY ............................................................................... 37 2.1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 37 2.1.2. A trans-European identity: Is there an European identity? .................................................... 38 2.1.3. Culture as a way for defining and reinforcing an European identity ...................................... 39 2.1.4. Culture and the rotating Presidencies of the Council of the European Union........................ 40 2.1.5. Towards a definition of the EU cultural policies in its external relations ............................... 43 2.2. EU CULTURAL DIPLOMACY: A CONCEPTUAL APPROACH ............................................................... 48 2.2.1. Culture in the European Communitarian Law ........................................................................ 48 2.2.2. The EU adoption
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