The Role and Status of Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Across the Global Energy System
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Fuel Cell Technology for Domestic Built Environment Applications: State Of-The-Art Review
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY FOR DOMESTIC BUILT ENVIRONMENT APPLICATIONS: STATE OF-THE-ART REVIEW Theo Elmer*, Mark Worall, Shenyi Wu and Saffa Riffat Architecture, Climate and Environment Research Group The University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD (UK) *corresponding author email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Fuel cells produce heat when generating electricity, thus they are of particular interest for combined heat and power (CHP) and combined cooling heat and power (CCHP) applications, also known as tri-generation systems. CHP and tri-generation systems offer high energy conversion efficiency and hence the potential to reduce fuel costs and CO2 emissions. This paper serves to provide a state-of-the-art review of fuel cell technology operating in the domestic built environment in CHP and tri-generation system applications. The review aims to carry out an assessment of the following topics: (1) the operational advantages fuel cells offer in CHP and tri-generation system configurations, specifically, compared to conventional combustion based technologies such as Stirling engines, (2) how decarbonisation, running cost and energy security in the domestic built environment may be addressed through the use of fuel cell technology, and (3) what has been done to date and what needs to be done in the future. The paper commences with a review of fuel cell technology, then moves on to examine fuel cell CHP systems operating in the domestic built environment, and finally explores fuel cell tri-generation systems in domestic built environment applications. The paper concludes with an assessment of the present development of, and future challenges for, domestic fuel cells operating in CHP and tri-generation systems. -
Fuel Cell Powered Vehicles
Contents Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 2 Objective ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 Approach ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 Sizing of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles ............................................................................................................ 3 Assumptions.................................................................................................................................................. 5 Sizing Results ............................................................................................................................................... 7 Results: Midsize FC HEV and FC PHEV ..................................................................................................... 8 Contribution of Fuel Cell Technology Progress .............................................................................................. 11 Results: Impact of Fuel Cell Technologies ................................................................................................ -
Hydrogen Technology Towards the Solutionof Environment-Friendly
energies Article Hydrogen Technology towards the Solution of Environment-Friendly New Energy Vehicles Murat Peksen Multiphysics Energy Solutions (MES), 52070 Aachen, Germany; [email protected] Abstract: The popularity of climate neutral new energy vehicles for reduced emissions and improved air quality has been raising great attention for many years. World-wide, a strong commitment continues to drive the demand for zero-emission through alternative energy sources and propulsion systems. Despite the fact that 71.27% of hydrogen is produced from natural gas, green hydrogen is a promising clean way to contribute to and maintain a climate neutral ecosystem. Thereby, reaching CO2 targets for 2030 and beyond requires cross-sectoral changes. However, the strong motivation of governments for climate neutrality is challenging many sectors. One of them is the transport sector, as it is challenged to find viable all-in solutions that satisfy social, economic, and sustainable requirements. Currently, the use of new energy vehicles operating on green sustainable hydrogen technologies, such as batteries or fuel cells, has been the focus for reducing the mobility induced emissions. In Europe, 50% of the total emissions result from mobility. The following article reviews the background, ongoing challenges and potentials of new energy vehicles towards the development of an environmentally friendly hydrogen economy. A change management process mindset has been adapted to discuss the key scientific and commercial challenges for a successful transition. Keywords: hydrogen; sustainability; ecosystem; fuel cell; electrification; transport; change management; new energy vehicle Citation: Peksen, M. Hydrogen Technology towards the Solution of Environment-Friendly New Energy Vehicles. Energies 2021, 14, 4892. -
Strategy for the Integration of Hydrogen As a Vehicle Fuel Into the DE-AC36-99-GO10337 Existing Natural Gas Vehicle Fueling Infrastructure of the Interstate 5B
A national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future Strategy for the Integration of Subcontract Report NREL/SR-540-38720� Hydrogen as a Vehicle Fuel into September 2005 � the Existing Natural Gas Vehicle � Fueling Infrastructure of the � Interstate Clean Transportation � Corridor Project � April 22, 2004 — August 31, 2005 Gladstein, Neandross & Associates � Santa Monica, California � NREL is operated by Midwest Research Institute ● Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 Strategy for the Integration of Subcontract Report NREL/SR-540-38720 Hydrogen as a Vehicle Fuel into September 2005 the Existing Natural Gas Vehicle Fueling Infrastructure of the Interstate Clean Transportation Corridor Project April 22, 2004 — August 31, 2005 Gladstein, Neandross & Associates Santa Monica, California NREL Technical Monitor: R. Parish Prepared under Subcontract No. LCM-4-44175-01 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard, Golden, Colorado 80401-3393 303-275-3000 • www.nrel.gov Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by Midwest Research Institute • Battelle Contract No. DE-AC36-99-GO10337 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. -
Many Pathways to Renewable Hydrogen (Presentation)
Many Pathways to Renewable Hydrogen presented at Power Gen: Renewable Energy & Fuels 2008 by Dr. Robert J. Remick NREL Center Director Hydrogen Technologies and Systems Center NREL/PR-560-42691 Presented at POWER-GEN Renewable Energy and Fuels 2008 conference held February 19-21, 2008 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Why Renewable Hydrogen? • Virtually any primary energy source can be turned into hydrogen opening up the possibility of hydrogen becoming a universal fuel. • Renewable Hydrogen contributes to our National energy objectives Energy Security Environmental Stewardship Economic Competitiveness • Using hydrogen as an energy vector helps mitigate the intermittency of renewable energy sources by providing opportunities for storage. Electrolysis Pathways Solar PV Wind Electrolyzers - Hydro e Ocean Geothermal Non-PV Solar Pathways heat High Temperature Thermochemical Cycle Photoelectrochemical Photobiological Biomass Pathways Thermochemical Separator syngas or WGS F-T bio-oils Biochemical alcohols Reformer Dark Fermentation Hydrogen Potential from Renewables Barriers to Implementation • General / Marketplace – Viewed as long term – 20 to 30 years out – Hydrogen use viewed with trepidation by public – Current hydrogen production costs higher than conventional fuels • Technological – Numerous technical challenges for each of the renewable pathways – Limited industry interest and investment in R&D NREL Supports DOE’s Hydrogen Program Goals for 2015 Production Onboard Storage $2.00 - 3.00/kg Fuel Cell (pathway independent) 300 mile range $30/kw NREL Hydrogen Technology Thrusts Hydrogen production Hydrogen delivery Hydrogen storage Hydrogen manufacturing Fuel cells Technology validation Safety, codes, & standards Analysis H2 Production: Photoelectrochemical Photoelectrochemical materials are specialized semiconductors that use energy from sunlight to dissociate water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. -
Hydrogen and Fuel Cells in Japan
HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS IN JAPAN JONATHAN ARIAS Tokyo, October 2019 EU-Japan Centre for Industrial Cooperation ABOUT THE AUTHOR Jonathan Arias is a Mining Engineer (Energy and Combustibles) with an Executive Master in Renewable Energies and a Master in Occupational Health and Safety Management. He has fourteen years of international work experience in the energy field, with several publications, and more than a year working in Japan as an energy consultant. He is passionate about renewable energies, energy transition technologies, electric and fuel cell vehicles, and sustainability. He also published a report about “Solar Energy, Energy Storage and Virtual Power Plants in Japan” that can be considered the first part of this document and is available in https://lnkd.in/ff8Fc3S. He can be reached on LinkedIn and at [email protected]. ABOUT THE EU-JAPAN CENTRE FOR INDUSTRIAL COOPERATION The EU-Japan Centre for Industrial Cooperation (http://www.eu-japan.eu/) is a unique venture between the European Commission and the Japanese Government. It is a non-profit organisation established as an affiliate of the Institute of International Studies and Training (https://www.iist.or.jp/en/). It aims at promoting all forms of industrial, trade and investment cooperation between the EU and Japan and at improving EU and Japanese companies’ competitiveness and cooperation by facilitating exchanges of experience and know-how between EU and Japanese businesses. (c) Iwatani Corporation kindly allowed the use of the image on the title page in this document. Table of Contents Table of Contents ......................................................................................................................... I List of Figures ............................................................................................................................ III List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. -
Hydrogen Storage a Brief Overview of Hydrogen Storage Options Rich Dennis Technology Manager – Advanced Turbines and SCO2 Power Cycles
Hydrogen Storage A brief overview of hydrogen storage options Rich Dennis Technology Manager – Advanced Turbines and SCO2 Power Cycles Ref:(https://www.greencarcongre ss.com/2016/09/20160911- doe.html) 2nd workshop on Thermal, Mechanical and Chemical Energy Storage OmniPresentation William to Penn; Pittsburgh PA; February 4, 2020 Sponsored by Elliot Group; Co-organized with SwRI and NETL 2/6/2020 1 Presentation Outline Small-scale to large-scale hydrogen storage provides attractive options • H2 physical properties Months Hydrogen • Overview H2 production, transportation & utilization Weeks Texas, US • H2 storage technologies • Compressed storage Days • Liquid storage CAES • Materials based storage • Chemical hydrogen storage Hours • Vehicle & portable applications Pumped Hydro • Storage in NG pipelines Minutes 0.1 1 10 100 1000 • Summary GWh Ref: 1. Crotogino F, Donadei S, Bu¨ nger U, Landinger H. Large-scale hydrogen underground storage for securing future energy supplies. Proceedingsof 18thWorld Hydrogen Energy Conference (WH2C2010), Essen, Germany;May 16e21, 2010. p. 37e45. 2/6/2020 2 2. Kepplinger J, Crotogino F, Donadei S, Wohlers M. Present trends in compressed air energy and hydrogen storage in Germany. Solution Mining Research Institute SMRI Fall 2011 Conference, York, United Kingdom; October 3e4, 2011. Physical Properties of H2 vs CH4 H2 has a very low density and energy density, and a high specific volume Hydrogen 0.085 120 11.98 10,050 Density Lower Heating Value Specific Volume Energy Density Property 3 3 3 (kg/m ) (kJ/kg) m /kg kJ/m 0.65 50 1.48 32,560 Methane 1 atm,15°C 1 atm, 25°C 1 atm, 21°C 1 atm, 25°C 3 Laminar Flame Speeds Hydrogen burns ten times as fast as methane H2 CO CH4 0.4 1 2 3 meter/second 0.3 Ref: NACA Report 1300 4 Flammability Limits In Air Hydrogen has broad flammability limits compared to methane H2 4 to 75 CO 12 to 75 CH4 5 to 15 0 25 50 75 100 % in Air 5 Diffusivity in Air In air, hydrogen diffuses over three times as fast compared to methane H2 CO CH4 0.2 0.5 0.7 1 cm2/sec Ref: Vargaftik, N. -
Comparison of Hydrogen Powertrains with the Battery Powered Electric Vehicle and Investigation of Small-Scale Local Hydrogen Production Using Renewable Energy
Review Comparison of Hydrogen Powertrains with the Battery Powered Electric Vehicle and Investigation of Small-Scale Local Hydrogen Production Using Renewable Energy Michael Handwerker 1,2,*, Jörg Wellnitz 1,2 and Hormoz Marzbani 2 1 Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Ingolstadt, Esplanade 10, 85049 Ingolstadt, Germany; [email protected] 2 Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Plenty Road, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Climate change is one of the major problems that people face in this century, with fossil fuel combustion engines being huge contributors. Currently, the battery powered electric vehicle is considered the predecessor, while hydrogen vehicles only have an insignificant market share. To evaluate if this is justified, different hydrogen power train technologies are analyzed and compared to the battery powered electric vehicle. Even though most research focuses on the hydrogen fuel cells, it is shown that, despite the lower efficiency, the often-neglected hydrogen combustion engine could be the right solution for transitioning away from fossil fuels. This is mainly due to the lower costs and possibility of the use of existing manufacturing infrastructure. To achieve a similar level of refueling comfort as with the battery powered electric vehicle, the economic and technological aspects of the local small-scale hydrogen production are being investigated. Due to the low efficiency Citation: Handwerker, M.; Wellnitz, and high prices for the required components, this domestically produced hydrogen cannot compete J.; Marzbani, H. Comparison of with hydrogen produced from fossil fuels on a larger scale. -
Shri AMM Where Technology Meets Nature and Murugappa Chettiar Connects Rural India Research Centre
Shri AMM where technology meets nature and Murugappa Chettiar connects rural India Research Centre ABOUT THE ORGANIZATION hri A.M.M. Murugappa Chettiar Research Center (MCRC), a non-profit research organization, was established in 1973 and has S been registered under the Societies Registration Act 1860. MCRC has been recognized as a Research and Development organization by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), New Delhi, Government of India. MCRC is governed by a governing Board composed of experienced Scientists, Engineers, Management experts and Educationalists. The center has been recognized to conduct Ph.D. programs registered with the University of Madras. Donations to the Center are exempt from income tax under Section 35 1(ii) of the Income Tax Act. MANDATE The ideologies of MCRC are centered at developing technologies and their dissemination to rural applications to promote the living standards of people belonging to the rural sections of the society. The philosophy guiding research at MCRC has been to develop solutions to problems in society using scientific methodologies and innovating appropriate devices. The problems tackled have been the ones considered relevant to the society. The registered mandate of the Center, however, permits it to work on other problems as well. FACILITIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE Situated in a 5-acre campus at Taramani, adjacent to the CSIR complex, this center has all facilities, including well equipped laboratory for research in all aspects of microbiology, biotechnology, biochemistry, soil analysis, and has a full-fledged workshop to device gadgets for rural applications. Some of the instruments that the center has include HPLC, GC, UV-VIS Spectrophotometers, Lyophilizers, Fermentors and Bioreactors. -
Autonomous Hydrogen Fueling Station Project ID TA029
2020 DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Review Autonomous Hydrogen Fueling Station Project ID TA029 PI: Dustan Skidmore Plug Power Inc. June 12, 2020 This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information Overview Timeline Barriers Addressed Project Start Date: Oct 2018 • Hydrogen Delivery I. Low cost, rugged, Award Received: Mar 2019 reliable dispensers (work started at this time) • Market Transformation B. High Project End Date: Apr 2022* hydrogen fuel infrastructure capital *Project continuation and end date costs determined annually by DOE • Market Transformation F. Inadequate user experience for many hydrogen and fuel cell applications Budget Partners Total Federal Share: $1,797,216 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Total Recipient Share: $549,547 On-Road Fueling Research and Testing Total Project Budget: $2,346,763 Lead: Sam Sprik Total DOE Funds Spent: $226,378* Center for Future Energy Systems at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute *as of 3/31/2020 Vision System, Control Algorithms Lead: Stephen J. Rock, PhD 2 Overview • Budget Period 1 (2019-2020) ▪ Design, assemble and test prototype fueling dispenser for Autonomous Guided Vehicles in a material handling application (primarily Rensselaer, Plug Power) ▪ Research requirements and specifications for automotive fueling (primarily NREL) • Budget Period 2 (2020-2021) ▪ Design, assemble and test commercial-intent fueling dispenser for Autonomous Guided Vehicles in a material Robot attempting connection to fuel cell mockup handling application. -
Hydrogen from Biomass Gasification
Hydrogen from biomass gasification Biomass harvesting, Photo: Bioenergy2020+ IEA Bioenergy: Task 33: December 2018 Hydrogen from biomass gasification Matthias Binder, Michael Kraussler, Matthias Kuba, and Markus Luisser Edited by Reinhard Rauch Copyright © 2018 IEA Bioenergy. All rights Reserved ISBN, 978-1-910154-59-5 Published by IEA Bioenergy IEA Bioenergy, also known as the Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) for a Programme of Research, Development and Demonstration on Bioenergy, functions within a Framework created by the International Energy Agency (IEA). Views, findings and publications of IEA Bioenergy do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or of its individual Member countries. Executive Summary Hydrogen will be an important renewable secondary energy carrier for the future. Today, hydrogen is predominantly produced from fossil fuels. Hydrogen production from biomass via gasification can be an auspicious alternative for future decarbonized applications, which are based on renewable and carbon-dioxide-neutral produced hydrogen. This study gives an overview of possible ways to produce hydrogen via biomass gasification. First, an overview of the current market situation is given. Then, hydrogen production based on biomass gasification is explained. Two different hydrogen production routes, based on biomass gasification, were investigated in more detail. Hydrogen production was investigated for steam gasification and sorption enhanced reforming. Both routes assessed, appear suitable for hydrogen production. Biomass to hydrogen efficiencies (LHV based) of up to 69% are achieved and a techno-economic study shows, hydrogen selling prices of down to 2.7 EUR·kg-1 (or 79 EUR·MWh-1). Overall it can be stated, that governmental support and subsidies are necessary for successful implementation of hydrogen production based on biomass gasification technologies. -
Memorandum of Cooperation
MEMORANDUM OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE MINISTRY OF ECONOMY, TRADE, AND INDUSTRY OF JAPAN AND THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA CONCERNING COLLABORATION IN THE FIELD OF CARBON CAPTURE, UTILIZATION AND STORAGE, AND CARBON RECYCLING The Department of Energy of the United States of America and the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry of Japan, hereinafter referred to as the "Participants": RECOGNIZING technologies involving carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) and Carbon Recycling as one of the future’s most promising options to achieve carbon neutral or net negative carbon emissions and promote economic growth; NOTING, in particular, the important role of advanced fossil fuel technologies together with CCUS and Carbon Recycling in ensuring affordable, reliable, and sustainable energy supplies as well as contributing to a hydrogen economy; RECOGNIZING the Memorandum of Cooperation between the Department of Energy of the United States of America and the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry of Japan concerning Collaboration in the Field of Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage signed on October 17, 2017 (the “2017 MOC”); and DESIRING through this Memorandum of Cooperation (MOC) to enhance collaboration in the area of CCUS and Carbon Recycling as well as enabling a hydrogen value chain, particularly in developing carbon utilization and carbon recycling technologies, such as carbon dioxide plus hydrogen to chemicals, and fossil fuels or waste to hydrogen technologies, Have reached the following mutual understanding: Section 1 SCOPE Collaboration under this MOC may include, but is not limited to, the following fields: 1. Sequestration options for carbon dioxide from fossil-fuel-based systems, including capture and storage; 2.