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Governance Innovation Networks for Sustainable Tuna Governance Innovation

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Governance Innovation Networks for Sustainable Tuna Governance Innovation Tuna Sustainable for Networks Innovation Governance Governance Innovation Networks for Sustainable Tuna Alice M.M. Miller 2014 Alice M.M. Miller Governance Innovation Networks for Sustainable Tuna Alice M.M. Miller Thesis committee Promotor Prof. Dr A.P.J. Mol Professor of Environmental Policy Wageningen University Co-promotor Dr S.R. Bush Associate professor, Environmental Policy Group Wageningen University Other members Dr L. Campling, Queen Mary’s of University, London, UK Dr P.J. Jones, University College London, UK Prof. Dr A.D. Rijnsdorp, Wageningen University Prof. Dr C.J.A.M. Termeer, Wageningen University This research was conducted under the auspices of the Wageningen School of Social Sciences Governance Innovation Networks for Sustainable Tuna Alice M.M. Miller Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of doctor at Wageningen University by authority of the Rector Macnificus Prof. Dr M.J. Kropff, in the presence of the Thesis Committee appointed by the Academic Board to be defended in public on Thursday 2 October 2014 at 11 a.m. in the Aula. Alice M.M. Miller Governance Innovation Networks for Sustainable Tuna, 194 pages. PhD thesis, Wageningen University, Wageningen, NL (2014) With references, with summaries in Dutch and English ISBN 978-94-6257-025-2 Acknowledgements The foundation of this thesis is networks. Through over four years of research in two different universities, I developed my understanding of networks in the context of tuna governance but also on a personal level. It is through my network of colleagues, friends and family that I have been able to work on and finish this thesis and even to enjoy the process (mostly!) I would therefore like to take this opportunity to thank all those people who have offered help and support to me over the years in their own individual ways. First and foremost I would like to thank Simon Bush and Arthur Mol who have played a significant role in getting me to this stage of my PhD. Not only did they offer limitless and excellent advice and feedback on my work, they also gave me the opportunity to really discover how great it is to study tuna. Thank you for believing in me and inviting me to join the Environmental Policy Group (ENP). A big thank you also goes out to the whole ENP community. You have all contributed to making ENP a stimulating and friendly workplace that I looked forward to coming to each day. The PhD community is particularly strong and I’m grateful to have been able to work with and learn from the many PhD students that have come and gone since my arrival. I’d like to give a particular thanks to Dorien and Megan who have provide enormous support and great friendship during my PhD life. Finally, when thanking ENP, special mention goes to Corry, for putting up with all my questions and requests and for finding the time to give Gilbert a happy home. Outside of ENP (just) is the BESTTuna team. I’m very happy to have had the opportunity and pleasure to work with you all and I look forward to our future work together. A special word of thanks also goes to Peter Jones, with whom I had the pleasure of starting my life as a PhD. While I didn’t stay on at UCL, my time working with Peter was utterly invaluable and the many conversations we had about marine governance provided the basis of this thesis. During my time at UCL I also had the pleasure of working with some great people, who have since become my great friends. Particular mention goes to i Regan, Femi and Charlotte. Without you guys, Adam Smith’s ‘invisible hand’ would remain a mystery. When I first started my PhD I was lucky enough to be invited to join the Earth Negotiations Bulletin team. I have had so much pleasure in working with a wonderful group of people, whose passion and dedication to the art of non-partisan reporting has contributed a great deal to my education during my PhD. Now for my non-PhD life. To my friends from home and abroad, thank you for you support, you have no idea how important you have been to me. At every stage of my life I’ve been fortunate enough to meet some of the world’s best. Unfortunately I cannot thank them all personally but I would like to mention Charlotte, Eleni, Mandy and Rosie for their endless support. In Utrecht, thank you to all those people who make up my Dutch ‘family’, particularly Hopakker’s finest Fiona and Noel, Gareth, Margriet, Johannes, Vief, Marf, Tina and Helen. And of course Gordon, of all the new people that have come into my life since I started this PhD, I’m most grateful for you. Thank you for putting up with my crazy and being the best distraction of all. Finally, words cannot describe how much I’d like to thank my family. As ever they have been the most amazing (and growing) constant in my life. During my PhD, my life has been made better by the addition of Rose, Frankie, Danny and Inés. I cannot wait until you can reach an age to appreciate the many wonders of tuna. Jamie and Bea thank you for joining the Millers, we’re a happier family with you around. Charlie and Sara, you are the best brother and sister I could have. All my life you have loved, supported and advised me, while also keeping me in check. Mum and Dad – thank you, thank you, thank you, thank you and I love you! That doesn’t even begin to cover it. ii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... I FIGURES ............................................................................................................................... VII TABLES .................................................................................................................................. IX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .......................................................................................................... X CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 1 1.1 TUNA: A RISING STAR .............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 TUNA .................................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Tuna Fisheries .............................................................................................................. 3 1.2.2 Sustainability ............................................................................................................... 4 1.2.3 Tuna Fisheries Governance .......................................................................................... 8 1.3 TUNA GLOBAL PRODUCTION NETWORK ...................................................................................... 9 1.4 ANALYSING GLOBAL PRODUCTION NETWORK GOVERNANCE ........................................................ 13 1.4.1 Governance and Global Production Networks .......................................................... 13 1.4.2 Dimensions of Governance Innovations .................................................................... 15 1.4.3 Framing Sustainability ............................................................................................... 16 1.4.4 Instruments ................................................................................................................ 17 1.4.5 Actors ......................................................................................................................... 19 1.4.6 Power ......................................................................................................................... 20 1.5 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE ............................................................................................................ 21 1.6 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................................... 23 1.6.1 Research Strategy and Design: Case Study Research ................................................ 23 1.6.2 Case Study Selection .................................................................................................. 23 1.6.3 Data Collection Methods ........................................................................................... 26 1.6.4 Research Validity ....................................................................................................... 28 1.7 THESIS OUTLINE .................................................................................................................... 30 CHAPTER 2. (SUB-)REGIONALISATION OF TUNA FISHERIES GOVERNANCE: THE CASE OF THE WESTERN AND CENTRAL PACIFIC OCEAN .............................................................................. 31 2.1 ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ 31 2.2 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 31 2.3 FISHERIES REGIONALISM......................................................................................................... 35 iii 2.3.1 Emergence in Fisheries Governance .......................................................................... 35 2.3.2 Evaluating Regionalisation ....................................................................................... 38 2.4 REGIONALISM IN THE WCPO.................................................................................................. 41 2.5 COMPARISON OF WCPFC AND PNA PERFORMANCE .................................................................
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