DOCSLIB.ORG

Rosid Radiation and the Rapid Rise of Angiosperm-Dominated Forests

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests Hengchang Wanga,b, Michael J. Moorec, Pamela S. Soltisd, Charles D. Belle, Samuel F. Brockingtonb, Roolse Alexandreb, Charles C. Davisf, Maribeth Latvisb,f, Steven R. Manchesterd, and Douglas E. Soltisb,1 aWuhan Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Science, Wuhan, Hubei 430074 China; bDepartment of Botany and dFlorida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611; cBiology Department, Oberlin College, Oberlin, OH 44074-1097; eDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA 70148; and fDepartment of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Communicated by Peter Crane, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, January 4, 2009 (received for review April 1, 2008) The rosid clade (70,000 species) contains more than one-fourth of all nitrogen-fixing bacteria (nitrogen-fixing clade) and defense mech- angiosperm species and includes most lineages of extant temperate anisms such as glucosinolate production (Brassicales) and cyano- and tropical forest trees. Despite progress in elucidating relationships genic glycosides (2). Many important crops, including legumes within the angiosperms, rosids remain the largest poorly resolved (Fabaceae) and fruit crops (Rosaceae), are rosids. Furthermore, 4 major clade; deep relationships within the rosids are particularly of the 5 published complete angiosperm nuclear genome sequences enigmatic. Based on parsimony and maximum likelihood (ML) anal- are rosids (with 2 other rosids, Manihot and Ricinus, well under- yses of separate and combined 12-gene (10 plastid genes, 2 nuclear; way): Arabidopsis (Brassicaceae), Carica (Caricaceae), Populus >18,000 bp) and plastid inverted repeat (IR; 24 genes and intervening (Salicaceae), and Vitis (Vitaceae, sister to other rosids). The spacers; >25,000 bp) datasets for >100 rosid species, we provide a variation in morphological, chemical, and ecological features and greatly improved understanding of rosid phylogeny. Vitaceae are the importance of rosids as genetic and genomic models require a sister to all other rosids, which in turn form 2 large clades, each with phylogenetic perspective for interpreting large-scale evolutionary a ML bootstrap value of 100%: (i) eurosids I (Fabidae) include the patterns across the clade. Finally, most lineages of extant temperate nitrogen-fixing clade, Celastrales, Huaceae, Zygophyllales, Malpighia- and tropical forest trees are rosids (e.g., Betulaceae, Celtidaceae, les, and Oxalidales; and (ii) eurosids II (Malvidae) include Tapisciaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Malvaceae, Sapindaceae, and Ulmaceae). In Brassicales, Malvales, Sapindales, Geraniales, Myrtales, Crossosoma- temperate North America Ϸ71% of the forest tree species are tales, and Picramniaceae. The rosid clade diversified rapidly into these rosids (15). Similarly, rosids often constitute Ͼ50% of tropical tree major lineages, possibly over a period of <15 million years, and species diversity. For example, they comprise 59% of the tree perhaps in as little as 4 to 5 million years. The timing of the inferred species on Barro Colorado Island, Panama (16), 60% of the tree rapid radiation of rosids [108 to 91 million years ago (Mya) and 107–83 flora of Paraguay (17), 60% on Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Mya for Fabidae and Malvidae, respectively] corresponds with the (18), and 63% of the tree species of Brazil (19). Analysis of tropical rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests and the concomitant forest plots from around the world again suggests a major role of diversification of other clades that inhabit these forests, including rosid trees (20). Half the species richness of the Neotropical plots amphibians, ants, placental mammals, and ferns. is made up of just 11 families, 4 of which are rosids, with Fabaceae the most important (Moraceae, Meliaceae, and Euphorbiaceae are community assembly ͉ divergence time estimates ͉ phylogeny ͉ other major rosids in the Neotropics); Fabaceae are also the most rapid radiation important family of trees in Africa, but are replaced as number one by another rosid family, Dipterocarpaceae, in Southeast Asia (20). reat progress has been made in elucidating deep-level angio- The important ecological role of many rosid families further argues sperm relationships during the past decade. The eudicot clade, for greater resolution of rosid phylogeny. G EVOLUTION with Ϸ75% of all angiosperm species, comprises several major Although studies agree on the composition of the rosid clade, subclades: rosids, asterids, Saxifragales, Santalales, and Caryophyl- deep-level relationships within the rosids remain enigmatic. Vita- lales (1–3). Investigations have converged on the branching pattern ceae usually appear as sister to all other rosids, although support for of the basalmost angiosperms, revealing that Amborellaceae, Nym- this placement is generally low (reviewed in refs. 2 and 10). Most phaeales [in the sense of APG II (3) and including Hydatellaceae remaining rosids appear in 2 large subclades (1–3): eurosids I (4)], and Austrobaileyales are successive sisters to all other extant [Fabidae (21)] and eurosids II [Malvidae (21)], with jackknife angiosperms (reviewed in ref. 2). Analyses of complete plastid support of 77% and 95%, respectively. Fabidae include (i) the genome sequences have resolved other problematic deep-level nitrogen-fixing clade (Rosales, Fabales, Cucurbitales, and Fagales); relationships, suggesting that Chloranthaceae and magnoliids are (ii) Zygophyllales; and (iii) a weakly supported clade of Celastrales, sister to a clade of monocots and eudicots plus Ceratophyllaceae (5, Oxalidales, and Malpighiales [COM group (22)]. Malvidae include 6). Likewise, progress has been made in clarifying relationships Brassicales, Malvales, Sapindales, and Tapisciaceae. within the large monocot (7) and asterid (8) clades. Some rosid clades (Crossosomatales, Geraniales, and Myrtales), Despite these successes, the rosids stand out as the largest and however, do not fall into either Fabidae or Malvidae, and their least-resolved major clade of angiosperms; basal nodes within the relationships remain unclear. Myrtales are often resolved as sister clade have consistently received low internal support (1, 2, 9, 10). The rosid clade comprises Ϸ70,000 species and 140 families (2, 11). Ϸ Author contributions: P.S.S., S.R.M., and D.E.S. designed research; H.W., M.J.M., C.D.B., Containing more than a quarter of total angiosperm and 39% of S.F.B., R.A., C.C.D., and M.L. performed research; M.J.M., C.D.B., and D.E.S. analyzed data; eudicot species diversity, the rosid clade is broader in circumscrip- and M.J.M., P.S.S., C.D.B., S.R.M., and D.E.S. wrote the paper. tion than the traditional Rosidae or Rosanae (e.g., 12; reviewed in The authors declare no conflict of interest. ref. 2). The oldest fossil flowers conforming to the rosids are from Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. Ϸ the late Santonian to Turonian ( 84–89.5 Mya) (9, 11, 13, 14). Data deposition: The sequences reported in this paper have been deposited in the GenBank Rosids exhibit enormous heterogeneity in habit, habitat, and life database (accession nos. EU002149 to EU002556). form, comprising herbs, shrubs, trees, vines, aquatics, succulents, 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]fl.edu. and parasites. The rosid clade also contains novel biochemical This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/ pathways, such as the machinery necessary for symbiosis with 0813376106/DCSupplemental. www.pnas.org͞cgi͞doi͞10.1073͞pnas.0813376106 PNAS ͉ March 10, 2009 ͉ vol. 106 ͉ no. 10 ͉ 3853–3858 Downloaded by guest on October 1, 2021 to Fabidae, whereas Crossosomatales and Geraniales appear with to all other rosids, which in turn form 2 large clades, Fabidae and Malvidae, but without strong support (1, 2, 10). Furthermore, the an expanded Malvidae, each with a bootstrap value of 100%. placements of several problematic families—Aphloiaceae, Apo- The approximately unbiased (AU) topology test indicated that danthaceae, Geissolomataceae, Huaceae, Ixerbaceae, Picramni- the sister relationship of Zygophyllales to Malvidae observed in MP aceae, and Strasburgeriaceae—also need to be ascertained. can be rejected (P Ͻ 0.001) in favor of the ML placement of Rosid diversification, like angiosperm phylogeny as a whole, is Zygophyllales as sister to an expanded Fabidae using both the total characterized by repeating patterns of radiation from deep to evidence dataset and the 12 targeted genes dataset. shallow levels (2). Lack of resolution at the base of the rosid phylogeny in previous studies suggests an early radiation of crown- Divergence Time Estimates. Cross-validation determined a smooth- group rosids into major clades. Similar polytomies are evident ing value of 1,000 for each of the penalized likelihood (PL) analyses. within both Fabidae and Malvidae and within clades further nested In general, when the root of the tree was fixed to an age of 125 Mya, within Fabidae (i.e., Malpighiales). However, it is unclear whether age estimates were an average of 5–10 million years older than when the apparent radiations within the rosids are real or merely artifacts the root was constrained to a maximum age of 125 Mya (Table 1). due to poorly resolved relationships. Improved analysis of phylog- Likewise, based on the bootstrap estimates of variation, the 2 eny, coupled with dating
Recommended publications
  • Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza (Largeleaf Mangrove, Oriental Mangrove) Answer Score

    Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza (Largeleaf Mangrove, Oriental Mangrove) Answer Score

    Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (Largeleaf mangrove, Oriental mangrove) Answer Score 1.01 Is the species highly domesticated? n 0 1.02 Has the species become naturalised where grown? 1.03 Does the species have weedy races? 2.01 Species suited to FL climates (USDA hardiness zones; 0-low, 1-intermediate, 2- 2 high) 2.02 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) 2 2.03 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y 1 2.04 Native or naturalized in regions with an average of 11-60 inches of annual y 1 precipitation 2.05 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural n range? 3.01 Naturalized beyond native range n 0 3.02 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n 0 3.03 Weed of agriculture n 0 3.04 Environmental weed ? 3.05 Congeneric weed 4.01 Produces spines, thorns or burrs n 0 4.02 Allelopathic y 1 4.03 Parasitic n 0 4.04 Unpalatable to grazing animals 4.05 Toxic to animals n 0 4.06 Host for recognised pests and pathogens n 0 4.07 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans n 0 4.08 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems n 0 4.09 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y 1 4.10 Grows on infertile soils (oligotrophic, limerock, or excessively draining soils). n 0 North & Central Zones: infertile soils; South Zone: shallow limerock or Histisols. 4.11 Climbing or smothering growth habit n 0 4.12 Forms dense thickets n 0 5.01 Aquatic y 5 5.02 Grass n 0 5.03 Nitrogen fixing woody plant n 0 5.04 Geophyte n 0 6.01 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat
  • Thymelaeaceae)

    Thymelaeaceae)

    Origin and diversification of the Australasian genera Pimelea and Thecanthes (Thymelaeaceae) by MOLEBOHENG CYNTHIA MOTS! Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR in BOTANY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG Supervisor: Dr Michelle van der Bank Co-supervisors: Dr Barbara L. Rye Dr Vincent Savolainen JUNE 2009 AFFIDAVIT: MASTER'S AND DOCTORAL STUDENTS TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN This serves to confirm that I Moleboheng_Cynthia Motsi Full Name(s) and Surname ID Number 7808020422084 Student number 920108362 enrolled for the Qualification PhD Faculty _Science Herewith declare that my academic work is in line with the Plagiarism Policy of the University of Johannesburg which I am familiar. I further declare that the work presented in the thesis (minor dissertation/dissertation/thesis) is authentic and original unless clearly indicated otherwise and in such instances full reference to the source is acknowledged and I do not pretend to receive any credit for such acknowledged quotations, and that there is no copyright infringement in my work. I declare that no unethical research practices were used or material gained through dishonesty. I understand that plagiarism is a serious offence and that should I contravene the Plagiarism Policy notwithstanding signing this affidavit, I may be found guilty of a serious criminal offence (perjury) that would amongst other consequences compel the UJ to inform all other tertiary institutions of the offence and to issue a corresponding certificate of reprehensible academic conduct to whomever request such a certificate from the institution. Signed at _Johannesburg on this 31 of _July 2009 Signature Print name Moleboheng_Cynthia Motsi STAMP COMMISSIONER OF OATHS Affidavit certified by a Commissioner of Oaths This affidavit cordons with the requirements of the JUSTICES OF THE PEACE AND COMMISSIONERS OF OATHS ACT 16 OF 1963 and the applicable Regulations published in the GG GNR 1258 of 21 July 1972; GN 903 of 10 July 1998; GN 109 of 2 February 2001 as amended.
  • De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing in Bixa Orellana to Identify Genes Involved in Methylerythritol Phosphate, Carotenoid and Bixin Biosynthesis

    De Novo Transcriptome Sequencing in Bixa Orellana to Identify Genes Involved in Methylerythritol Phosphate, Carotenoid and Bixin Biosynthesis

    UC Davis UC Davis Previously Published Works Title De novo transcriptome sequencing in Bixa orellana to identify genes involved in methylerythritol phosphate, carotenoid and bixin biosynthesis. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09j257mk Journal BMC genomics, 16(1) ISSN 1471-2164 Authors Cárdenas-Conejo, Yair Carballo-Uicab, Víctor Lieberman, Meric et al. Publication Date 2015-10-28 DOI 10.1186/s12864-015-2065-4 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California De novo transcriptome sequencing in Bixa orellana to identify genes involved in methylerythritol phosphate, carotenoid and bixin biosynthesis Cárdenas-Conejo et al. BMC Genomics (2015) 16:877 DOI 10.1186/s12864-015-2065-4 Cárdenas-Conejo et al. BMC Genomics (2015) 16:877 DOI 10.1186/s12864-015-2065-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access De novo transcriptome sequencing in Bixa orellana to identify genes involved in methylerythritol phosphate, carotenoid and bixin biosynthesis Yair Cárdenas-Conejo1, Víctor Carballo-Uicab1, Meric Lieberman2, Margarita Aguilar-Espinosa1, Luca Comai2 and Renata Rivera-Madrid1* Abstract Background: Bixin or annatto is a commercially important natural orange-red pigment derived from lycopene that is produced and stored in seeds of Bixa orellana L. An enzymatic pathway for bixin biosynthesis was inferred from homology of putative proteins encoded by differentially expressed seed cDNAs. Some activities were later validated in a heterologous system. Nevertheless, much of the pathway remains to be clarified. For example, it is essential to identify the methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) and carotenoid pathways genes. Results: In order to investigate the MEP, carotenoid, and bixin pathways genes, total RNA from young leaves and two different developmental stages of seeds from B.
  • Dipterocarps

    Dipterocarps

    1682 TROPICAL ECOSYSTEMS / Dipterocarps Dipterocarps B Krishnapillay, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia & 2004, Elsevier Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Introduction The dipterocarp forests of Southeast Asia constitute a dominant and particularly valuable component of the world’s tropical rainforest. As a family of plants, Dipterocarpaceae may perhaps hold the distinction of being the best-known trees in the tropics. Their ecosystems are extremely diverse. They are uneven in their age and multilayered. They grow all the year round under warm temperatures and on sites where there is a large amount of rainfall. However, those growing in the seasonal forest are generally medium sized with the tallest trees being around 20 m with a maximum diameter of about 50 cm. Generally dipterocarps have been observed to occur on soils with very low fertility. Currently the dipterocarps dominate the international tropical timber market, and therefore play an important role in the economy of many Southeast Asian countries. In addition to Figure 1 Phytogeographical distribution of the family Diptero- timber, this family of trees also produces other non- carpaceae worldwide. timber products like resins and oleoresins. 3. South Asia, which constitutes India, the Andaman Distribution Islands, Bangladesh, and Nepal. The present distribution patterns of dipterocarps are 4. Sri Lanka. thought to reflect routes of colonization and past 5. The Seychelles. climatic conditions. They are distributed over the 6. Africa, which constitutes Madagascar, a narrow tropical belts of three continents of Asia, Africa, and strip from Mali to Sudan in the northern hemi- South America (Figure 1). They occupy several phyto- sphere, and Congo.
  • 1 History of Vitaceae Inferred from Morphology-Based

    1 History of Vitaceae Inferred from Morphology-Based

    HISTORY OF VITACEAE INFERRED FROM MORPHOLOGY-BASED PHYLOGENY AND THE FOSSIL RECORD OF SEEDS By IJU CHEN A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2009 1 © 2009 Iju Chen 2 To my parents and my sisters, 2-, 3-, 4-ju 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank Dr. Steven Manchester for providing the important fossil information, sharing the beautiful images of the fossils, and reviewing the dissertation. I thank Dr. Walter Judd for providing valuable discussion. I thank Dr. Hongshan Wang, Dr. Dario de Franceschi, Dr. Mary Dettmann, and Dr. Peta Hayes for access to the paleobotanical specimens in museum collections, Dr. Kent Perkins for arranging the herbarium loans, Dr. Suhua Shi for arranging the field trip in China, and Dr. Betsy R. Jackes for lending extant Australian vitaceous seeds and arranging the field trip in Australia. This research is partially supported by National Science Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grants award number 0608342. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...............................................................................................................4 LIST OF TABLES...........................................................................................................................9 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................................11 ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................14
  • Phylogeny of the Tropical Tree Family Dipterocarpaceae Based on Nucleotide Sequences of the Chloroplast Rbcl Gene1

    Phylogeny of the Tropical Tree Family Dipterocarpaceae Based on Nucleotide Sequences of the Chloroplast Rbcl Gene1

    American Journal of Botany 86(8): 1182±1190. 1999. PHYLOGENY OF THE TROPICAL TREE FAMILY DIPTEROCARPACEAE BASED ON NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES OF THE CHLOROPLAST RBCL GENE1 S. DAYANANDAN,2,6 PETER S. ASHTON,3 SCOTT M. WILLIAMS,4 AND RICHARD B. PRIMACK2 2Biology Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; 3Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; and 4Division of Biomedical Sciences, Meharry Medical College, 1005 D. B. Todd, Jr. Boulevard, Nashville, Tennessee 37208 The Dipterocarpaceae, well-known trees of the Asian rain forests, have been variously assigned to Malvales and Theales. The family, if the Monotoideae of Africa (30 species) and South America and the Pakaraimoideae of South America (one species) are included, comprises over 500 species. Despite the high diversity and ecological dominance of the Dipterocar- paceae, phylogenetic relationships within the family as well as between dipterocarps and other angiosperm families remain poorly de®ned. We conducted parsimony analyses on rbcL sequences from 35 species to reconstruct the phylogeny of the Dipterocarpaceae. The consensus tree resulting from these analyses shows that the members of Dipterocarpaceae, including Monotes and Pakaraimaea, form a monophyletic group closely related to the family Sarcolaenaceae and are allied to Malvales. The present generic and higher taxon circumscriptions of Dipterocarpaceae are mostly in agreement with this molecular phylogeny with the exception of the genus Hopea, which forms a clade with Shorea sections Anthoshorea and Doona. Phylogenetic placement of Dipterocarpus and Dryobalanops remains unresolved. Further studies involving repre- sentative taxa from Cistaceae, Elaeocarpaceae, Hopea, Shorea, Dipterocarpus, and Dryobalanops will be necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the phylogeny and generic limits of the Dipterocarpaceae.
  • Phylogenetic Analysis of Vitaceae Based on Plastid Sequence Data

    Phylogenetic Analysis of Vitaceae Based on Plastid Sequence Data

    PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF VITACEAE BASED ON PLASTID SEQUENCE DATA by PAUL NAUDE Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree MAGISTER SCIENTAE in BOTANY in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE at the UNIVERSITY OF JOHANNESBURG SUPERVISOR: DR. M. VAN DER BANK December 2005 I declare that this dissertation has been composed by myself and the work contained within, unless otherwise stated, is my own Paul Naude (December 2005) TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Abstract iii Index of Figures iv Index of Tables vii Author Abbreviations viii Acknowledgements ix CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Vitaceae 1 1.2 Genera of Vitaceae 6 1.2.1 Vitis 6 1.2.2 Cayratia 7 1.2.3 Cissus 8 1.2.4 Cyphostemma 9 1.2.5 Clematocissus 9 1.2.6 Ampelopsis 10 1.2.7 Ampelocissus 11 1.2.8 Parthenocissus 11 1.2.9 Rhoicissus 12 1.2.10 Tetrastigma 13 1.3 The genus Leea 13 1.4 Previous taxonomic studies on Vitaceae 14 1.5 Main objectives 18 CHAPTER 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 21 2.1 DNA extraction and purification 21 2.2 Primer trail 21 2.3 PCR amplification 21 2.4 Cycle sequencing 22 2.5 Sequence alignment 22 2.6 Sequencing analysis 23 TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 RESULTS 32 3.1 Results from primer trail 32 3.2 Statistical results 32 3.3 Plastid region results 34 3.3.1 rpL 16 34 3.3.2 accD-psa1 34 3.3.3 rbcL 34 3.3.4 trnL-F 34 3.3.5 Combined data 34 CHAPTER 4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 42 4.1 Molecular evolution 42 4.2 Morphological characters 42 4.3 Previous taxonomic studies 45 4.4 Conclusions 46 CHAPTER 5 REFERENCES 48 APPENDIX STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA 59 ii ABSTRACT Five plastid regions as source for phylogenetic information were used to investigate the relationships among ten genera of Vitaceae.
  • High Tree Endemism Recorded in Kanana Kanda Isolated Forest Fragment in Wet Zone of Sri Lanka

    High Tree Endemism Recorded in Kanana Kanda Isolated Forest Fragment in Wet Zone of Sri Lanka

    International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation, Vol. 2 (February.) ISSN 2462-1757 2 01 6 HIGH TREE ENDEMISM RECORDED IN KANANA KANDA ISOLATED FOREST FRAGMENT IN WET ZONE OF SRI LANKA P.K.J. De Mel Department of Agricultural and Plantation Engineering Open University of Sri Lanka, P.O. Box 21, Nawala, Nugegoda (10250), Sri Lanka Email: [email protected] K.A.J.M. Kuruppuarachchi Department of Botany Open University of Sri Lanka, P.O. Box 21, Nawala, Nugegoda (10250), Sri Lanka Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Kanana Kanda is an isolated lowland hill with an altitude of 115m covered by natural forest with an extent of 13ha. The forest fragment located in wet zone of Sri Lanka where much species diversity and endemism is found. The forest is disappearing fast due to anthropogenic influences. Therefore the present study was carried out with the objective of assessment of existing tree flora. Reconnaissance survey was first conducted in the forest in order to gather basic information on vegetation types and floristic characteristics. Four transects with a size of 100m x 5m each were laid for sampling trees. A woody plant with a dbh equal or greater than 5cm considered as a tree. A total number of 464 trees were enumerated in the forest. Field identification of species performed with the consultation of personnel who have sufficient knowledge, skills and experience on similar vegetation. Herbarium specimens were prepared from each tree unidentified in the field and later identified those comparing with the specimens preserved in the National Herbarium. Present study, recorded a total number of 50 different species belongs to 29 families.
  • A High-Quality Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Gray Mangrove, Avicennia Marina

    A High-Quality Genome Assembly and Annotation of the Gray Mangrove, Avicennia Marina

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.30.124800; this version posted May 31, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 A high-quality genome assembly and annotation of the gray mangrove, Avicennia marina 2 3 Running title: Genome assembly of the gray mangrove 4 5 Guillermo Friis1*, Joel Vizueta2, David R. Nelson1, Basel Khraiwesh1,3, Enas Qudeimat1,3, 6 Kourosh Salehi-Ashtiani1, Alejandra Ortega4, Alyssa Marshell5, Carlos M. Duarte4, John A. 7 Burt1 8 9 1Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University - Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, 10 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates 11 12 2Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística and Institut de Recerca de la 13 Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain 14 15 3Center for Desert Agriculture, Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and 16 Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955- 17 6900, Saudi Arabia 18 19 4 Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King 20 Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia 21 22 5Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, 23 Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.30.124800; this version posted May 31, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.
  • RR 556-2019.Pdf

    RR 556-2019.Pdf

    KFRI Research Report No. 556 ISSN: 0970-8103 ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION GENETICS OF ATUNA INDICA AND HYDNOCARPUS LONGIPEDUNCULATUS - TWO RARE AND ENDEMIC TREES IN THE KERALA PART OF THE WESTERN GHATS P. A. Jose Suma Arundev KSCSTE- Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi-680 653, Kerala, India (An Institution under Kerala State Council for Science, Technology& Environment) March 2019 PROJECT PARTICULARS 1. Title of the project : Ecology and conservation genetics of Atuna indica and Hydnocarpus longipedunculatus - two rare and endemic trees in the Kerala part of Western Ghats 2. Department/Organization : Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi. implementing the project 3. Special Area of study : i. Population survey and Mapping ii. Population structure iii. Population dynamics (Vegetative and Reproductive dynamics) iv. Climatic and edaphic factors analysis in situ v. Population genetics (Through DNA markers) vi. Assessment of species rarity and recommendation on management strategies 4. 1. Name of the principal : Dr. P.A. Jose Investigator Principal Scientist, Tree Physiology Department Sustainable Forest Management Division 2. Name of Associate Investigator : Dr. Suma Arundev Senior Scientist, Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Department, Forest Genetics and Biotechnology Division. 3. Name of Research : 1. Mr. Jithin, K.V., Project Fellow Personnel’s (18-08 -2015 to 18.08.2016) 2. Mr. Subin, K. Project Fellow (28-08-2016 to 15.08.2018) 3. Mr. Subin, K., Project Assistant ( 22-07-2015 to 26-09-2017) 4. Mr.Vivek, A.S., Project Assistant (24-10-2016 to 03-11-2017) 5. Mr. Binoy, N.M., Project Assistant (07-12-2017 to 13-03-2018) 5 . Name of the Funding : Plan Grant of Kerala Forest Agency Research institute, Peechi, Thrissur 6 .
  • The New York Botanical Garden

    The New York Botanical Garden

    Vol. XV DECEMBER, 1914 No. 180 JOURNAL The New York Botanical Garden EDITOR ARLOW BURDETTE STOUT Director of the Laboratories CONTENTS PAGE Index to Volumes I-XV »33 PUBLISHED FOR THE GARDEN AT 41 NORTH QUBKN STRHBT, LANCASTER, PA. THI NEW ERA PRINTING COMPANY OFFICERS 1914 PRESIDENT—W. GILMAN THOMPSON „ „ _ i ANDREW CARNEGIE VICE PRESIDENTS J FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON TREASURER—JAMES A. SCRYMSER SECRETARY—N. L. BRITTON BOARD OF- MANAGERS 1. ELECTED MANAGERS Term expires January, 1915 N. L. BRITTON W. J. MATHESON ANDREW CARNEGIE W GILMAN THOMPSON LEWIS RUTHERFORD MORRIS Term expire January. 1916 THOMAS H. HUBBARD FRANCIS LYNDE STETSON GEORGE W. PERKINS MVLES TIERNEY LOUIS C. TIFFANY Term expire* January, 1917 EDWARD D. ADAMS JAMES A. SCRYMSER ROBERT W. DE FOREST HENRY W. DE FOREST J. P. MORGAN DANIEL GUGGENHEIM 2. EX-OFFICIO MANAGERS THE MAYOR OP THE CITY OF NEW YORK HON. JOHN PURROY MITCHEL THE PRESIDENT OP THE DEPARTMENT OP PUBLIC PARES HON. GEORGE CABOT WARD 3. SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS PROF. H. H. RUSBY. Chairman EUGENE P. BICKNELL PROF. WILLIAM J. GIES DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER PROF. R. A. HARPER THOMAS W. CHURCHILL PROF. JAMES F. KEMP PROF. FREDERIC S. LEE GARDEN STAFF DR. N. L. BRITTON, Director-in-Chief (Development, Administration) DR. W. A. MURRILL, Assistant Director (Administration) DR. JOHN K. SMALL, Head Curator of the Museums (Flowering Plants) DR. P. A. RYDBERG, Curator (Flowering Plants) DR. MARSHALL A. HOWE, Curator (Flowerless Plants) DR. FRED J. SEAVER, Curator (Flowerless Plants) ROBERT S. WILLIAMS, Administrative Assistant PERCY WILSON, Associate Curator DR. FRANCIS W. PENNELL, Associate Curator GEORGE V.
  • Avaliação Da Diversidade Nas Relações Entre Espécies De Larvas De Lepidoptera E As Espécies Vegetais De Malpighiaceae Em D

    Avaliação Da Diversidade Nas Relações Entre Espécies De Larvas De Lepidoptera E As Espécies Vegetais De Malpighiaceae Em D

    UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, CIÊNCIAS E LETRAS DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENTOMOLOGIA Interações entre larvas de Lepidoptera e as espécies de Malpighiaceae em dois fragmentos de Cerrado do Estado de São Paulo. YUMI OKI Tese de Doutorado apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de DOUTOR EM CIÊNCIAS - Área: ENTOMOLOGIA Ribeirão Preto / SP 2005 UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, CIÊNCIAS E LETRAS DE RIBEIRÃO PRETO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENTOMOLOGIA Interações entre larvas de Lepidoptera e as espécies de Malpighiaceae em dois fragmentos de Cerrado do Estado de São Paulo. YUMI OKI Orientadora: Profa Dra Elenice Mouro Varanda Tese de Doutorado apresentada à Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto - USP, como parte das exigências para obtenção do título de DOUTOR EM CIÊNCIAS - Área: ENTOMOLOGIA Ribeirão Preto / SP 2005 FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Preparada pela Biblioteca Central do Campus Administrativo de Ribeirão Preto / USP Oki, Yumi Interações entre larvas de Lepidoptera e as espécies de Malpighiaceae em dois fragmentos de Cerrado do Estado de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, 2005. 145 p.: il. ; 30cm Tese de Doutorado, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências Filosofia de Ribeirão Preto/USP – Área de concentração: Entomologia. Orientadora: Varanda, Elenice Mouro. 1. Ecologia. 2. Herbivoria. 3. Byrsonima intermedia. 4. Cerrado. 5. Lepidópteros. " Nesse instante, caro colega do futuro, estendo o meu olhar pela vastidão do que ainda é um pedaço do paraíso" ... "...que poderes nada ocultos insistem em ignorar, em destruir, e entrego-lhe este texto para que continue a contar como prosseguiu a nossa história, a história de todos nós." Niede Guidon Dedico À minha querida tia Kayoko Itabashi que carinhosamente sempre estará presente em meu coração por me ensinar a cultivar a união familiar e o amor ao próximo.