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Attributes of Quality in Selected Somali Higher Education Institutions: an Empirical Analysis

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Attributes of Quality in Selected Somali Higher Education Institutions: an Empirical Analysis ATTRIBUTES OF QUALITY IN SELECTED SOMALI HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS By MOHAMED ABUKAR ZUBEYR Project Paper Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Management Graduate School of Management International Islamic University Malaysia 2011 APPROVAL PAGE I certify that I have supervised and read this Project Paper and that in my opinion it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a Project Paper for the degree of Master of Management*. ~~o~r Hazilah Abd Supervisor This Project Paper was submitted to the Graduate School of Management, IIUM and is accepted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management*. PROF. DR. ARIF HASSAN Deputy Director [bk Graduate School of Management lntem1tion11 1111mlc University Malaysia Prof. Dr. Arif Hassan Project Paper Examiner This Project Paper was submitted to the Graduate School of Management, ITIJM, and is accepted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management*. Prof. Dr. Arif Hassan PROF. OR. A"IF HASSAN Chairperson Deputy Directo, Graduate School of Management Project Paper Committee lnt!:"mJtional 1,1amic University Malavsi~ Graduate School of Management ITIJM * Your programme. 11 DECLARATION AND COPYRIGHT Name Mohamed Abukar Zubeyr Matric Number G0925083 I hereby declare that this research is the result of my own investigations, except where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged by footnotes giving explicit references and a bibliography is appended. St' Signature ... ~:t?················ Date ...1 .... 0Ut~.~.1 © Copyright by Mohamed Abukar Zubeyr and International Islamic University Malaysia lll DEDICATIONS To my mother, Maryan Sufi Munye for the in-depth love, motivation, dua, prayer, care and sympathy. There is no one like mother. (I love you) And To my father, Abukar Zubeyr Haji Yusuf for the love, support and incessant inspiration. What I can easily recall about my father since my primary school till now is that whenever we talked he would ask before anything else "How are your studies?" I believe my mother and him are the main forces behind my achievements and progress in my studies. May Allah bless them Aarniin IV ACKNOWLEDGMENT First and foremost, all praises is to our Almighty Allah (SWT) for giving me the strength, knowledge and wisdom to successfully complete this dissertation. Secondly, I would like to express my heartfelt appreciation to my supervisor, Associate Professor Dr. Noor Hazilah Abd Manaf, for the remarkable support and guidance she showed me throughout the writing of this dissertation. Without her helpful supervision, advise, inspiration and empathy as well as compassion, I would not have been able to complete this dissertation successfully. May Allah (SWT) bless her and her family. I would also like to extend my heartfelt appreciation to Professor Dr. Arif Hassan, for teaching me research methodology. Taking the course with him has increased my understanding, which has enabled me to write this dissertation in the most academic manner. Besides, I am sincerely grateful to Dr. Abideen Adewale who supported and motivated me, as well as providing me with great research materials for my data analysis. I would also like to show my gratitude to Brother Abdirahman Mohamed Anas who assisted me in distributing, collecting and sending back the questionnaires whilst I was in Malaysia and to all those who gave him a hand in this great task. A heartfelt appreciation to Mogadishu University, SIMAD, Benadir University and all the respondents in general. Moreover, I am truly indebted and thankful to the library of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), as well as the Graduate School of Management (GSM) and its staff especially Sister Raja Nur Sabrina Raja Ahmad Shah, for providing me with the necessary facilities, infornrntion resources and also favorable climate that boosted my morale to carry out this dissertation contentedly. I would also like to extend my appreciations to my colleagues; Brother Sheik Mujaahiid El Bheekharry, Sister Fatima Zahraa Alaoui Mdaghri, Sister Fatoumata Sillah and Sister Zainab Abdurahman Sheikh Ismail for their grateful contributions and kind support. Last but not the least, I owe sincere and earnest thankfulness to my beloved Mother, Father, Grandparents, Brothers, Sisters, Uncles and Aunts for their support, motivation, dua and prayers; without which I would not have had this opportunity to write my dissertation. May Allah bless them. Finally, my sincere thanks and gratefulness go to all my friends who have helped me in one way or the other to successfully write this dissertation. Once again, thank you. V TABLE OF CONTENTS Approval Page . 11 Declaration and Copyright . 111 Dedications . 1v Acknowledge1nents . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. v Table of Contents . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. v1 List of Tables................................................................................. v111 Abstract . 1x CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION . .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .... 1 1.0 Introduction . .... 1 1.1 Research Problems . .. 2 1.2 Research Questions . .. .. .. .. .. ..... 3 1.3 Research Objectives . ... 4 1.4 Significance of the Study......................................................... 4 1.5 Outline of the Dissertation ........................................................ 6 CHAPTER 2: CONTEXT OF THE STUDY . .. ...... 8 2.0 Introduction . ..... 8 2.1 Somalia - History and Background . .... 8 2.2 Stages of Education in Somalia - Colonial Era to Present . 9 2.3 Background of the Universities . .. ... 13 2.3.1 Mogadishu University . .. 14 2.3.2 SIMAD.............. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........ 15 2.3.3 Benadir University ........................................................ 16 2.4 Chapter Summary . 18 CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................. 19 3.0 Introduction........................................................................ 19 3.1 Background ......................................................................... 19 3.2 Quality and Higher Education . 20 3 .2.1 Importance of Quality in Higher Education Institutions . 24 3.2.2 Models of Quality in Higher Education ................................ 25 3.2.3 Factors Influencing Higher Education Quality . ... ... 27 3.3 Chapter Summary . .. 30 CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................... 32 4.0 Introduction . 32 4.1 Research Design and Framework . .. .. .. 32 4.2 Research Method . 34 4.2.1 The Survey . 34 4.2.2 The Questionnaire . .. ... 35 vi 4.2.3 Pilot Test . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ... 36 4.2.4 The Respondents ........................................................... 37 4.2.4.1 The Population .......................................................... 37 4.2.4.2 The Sample ............................................................... 38 4.2.5 Data Collection Method ................................................... 39 4.2.6 Data Analysis ............................................................... 39 4.2. 6.1 Reliability ofthe Instrument ......................................... 40 4.2. 6.2 Data Analysis Strategy ................................................ 41 4.3 Chapter Summary ................................................................... 42 CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH FINDINGS.............................................. 43 5.0 Introduction.......................................................................... 43 5.1 Descriptive Statistics . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 43 5.2 Differences in Perception between Groups ..................................... 49 5.2.1 Gender and Overall Quality in Higher Education . ... 49 5.2.2 Age grouping and Overall Quality in Higher Education ............. 51 5.2.3 Level of Study and Overall Quality in Higher Education ........... 53 5.2.4 University/Institute and Overall Quality in Higher Education...... 54 5.2.5 Faculty/Specialisation and Overall Quality in Higher Education.. 56 5.3 Assessing Factors Influencing Quality in Higher Education ................. 59 5.3.1 Correlation Analysis . .... 60 5.3.2 Regression Analysis ....................................................... 62 5.3.2.J Multicollinearity ........................................................ 62 5.3.2.2 Multiple Regression Analysis ........................................ 63 5 .4 Chapter Summary .................................................................... 66 CHAPTER 6: DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION............................... 68 6.0 Introduction . .. .. 68 6.1 Discussion . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 68 6.1.1 Students' Perception on Quality in Higher Education . .. ....... 69 6.1.2 Differences in Perception across Demographic Variables .. .. .. ... .. 70 6.1.3 Factors Influencing Quality in Higher Education ...................... 73 6.2 Implications . .... .. 73 6.3 Limitations and Research Contributions .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..... .. .... .. 74 6.4 Suggestions for Future Researches . .. .... 76 6.5 Conclusion............................................................................. 77 BIBLIOGRAPHY . .... ... 79 APPENDIX A: The Map of Somalia .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... .. APP 1 APPENDIX B: Survey Questionnaire .................................................... APP 2 APPENDIX C: List of Current Functioning Higher Education Institutions in Mogadishu............................................... APP 6
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