Perception Towards Forestation As a Strategy to Mitigate Climate Change in Somalia
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Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation Impacts on Regional Chlorophyll Anomalies in the Indian Ocean Jock C
Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation impacts on regional chlorophyll anomalies in the Indian Ocean Jock C. Currie, Matthieu Lengaigne, Jérôme Vialard, David M. Kaplan, Olivier Aumont, S. W. A. Naqvi, Olivier Maury To cite this version: Jock C. Currie, Matthieu Lengaigne, Jérôme Vialard, David M. Kaplan, Olivier Aumont, et al.. Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation impacts on regional chlorophyll anomalies in the Indian Ocean. Biogeosciences, European Geosciences Union, 2013, 10 (10), pp.6677 - 6698. 10.5194/bg-10-6677-2013. hal-01495273 HAL Id: hal-01495273 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01495273 Submitted on 3 Aug 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License Biogeosciences, 10, 6677–6698, 2013 Open Access www.biogeosciences.net/10/6677/2013/ doi:10.5194/bg-10-6677-2013 Biogeosciences © Author(s) 2013. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation impacts on regional chlorophyll anomalies in the Indian Ocean J. C. Currie1,2, M. Lengaigne3, J. Vialard3, D. M. Kaplan4, O. Aumont5, S. W. A. -
TCC Trains Somali Research Network Members in Data Analysis and Presentation
26 September 2016 PRESS RELEASE TCC Trains Somali Research Network Members in Data Analysis and Presentation Training Centre in Communication (TCC) trained Somali Research Education Network (SomaliREN) members in Data Analysis and Presentation in Mogadishu, Somalia. The training ran from 27-29 September, where participants learned the following ; The theory and practice of presenting data in graphical form, The basic principles of economy, clarity, and integrity, Old types of graphs to avoid, new graph types: dot plot, scatterplot matrix, conditional plot, How to design effective graphs, How to use R Statistical software graphical analysis and presentation, How to use SPSS Statistical software graphical analysis and presentation and How to use STATA Statistical software graphical analysis and presentation. 26 participants from Amoud University ,Benadir University ,University of Burao, Puntland State University, East Africa University, SIMAD University, Mogadishu University ,University of Hargeisa, Gollis University, City University, Heritage Institute, Nugaal University, Kismayo University and Galkayo University, took part in the training. The Consortium of Training Institutions Training Centre in Communication The Training Centre in Communication (TCC) is a self-sustainable Trust created through private public partnership and has its headquarters at the University of Nairobi, Kenya. It is the first Centre in Africa that builds capacity in Science Communication for research institutes and universities, through training and guidance in implementation of communication strategy. TCC has successfully managed to build capacity in Science Communication in Western, Eastern and Southern Africa since 2004, before it was registered as a Trust and created a partnership with University of Nairobi in 2007. More information about Training Center in Communication can be accessed at www.tcc-africa.org. -
A Tale of Two Oceans, and the Monsoons Tiny Seafloor Shells Could Offer Big Clues to the Forces That Generate Rainfall
A tale of two oceans, and the monsoons Tiny seafloor shells could offer big clues to the forces that generate rainfall By Fern Gibbons lion people from their homes. Over the But we can use the past. One way to un- past 200 years, several droughts have each ravel the complexities of the monsoon sys- very summer, the continent of Asia caused more than 5 million deaths. tem is to study how it has worked in the takes a big breath. This inhalation If we could forecast upcoming mon- past. To do this, we use some very small pullsE moisture-laden air from the Indian soon seasons, we could take steps to avoid shells, preserved in sediments at the bottom Ocean over India and Southeast Asia, caus- death and destruction. But the monsoons of the sea, to answer some very big ques- ing torrential rains known as the monsoons. have defied prediction so far, partly because tions about climate. For as long as there have been people in In- they are generated by complex interactions dia and Southeast Asia, lives have been set among land, air, and two oceans. Predicting A seesawing ocean by the rhythm of the monsoons. the monsoons will become even more diffi- During the summer, the huge landmass Some years, too much rain brings devas- cult as global warming creates a climate that of Asia heats up like a brick in the sun; hot tating floods and mudslides; in other years, we have not experienced in recorded history. air rises over the continent, and cool ocean too little rain causes droughts and famine. -
Pacific and Indian Ocean Climate Signals in a Tree-Ring Record of Java
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY Int. J. Climatol. (2008) Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI: 10.1002/joc.1679 Pacific and Indian Ocean climate signals in a tree-ring record of Java monsoon drought Rosanne D’Arrigo,a* Rob Allan,b Rob Wilson,c Jonathan Palmer,d John Sakulich,g Jason E. Smerdon,a Satria Bijaksanae and La Ode Ngkoimanif a Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, NY, USA b Hadley Centre for Climate Change, UK Met Office, Exeter, United Kingdom, UK c University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, UK d Gondwana Tree-Ring Laboratory, PO Box 14, Little River, Canterbury 7546, New Zealand e Bandung Technical University, Bandung, Indonesia f Jurusan Fisika FMIPA, Universitas Haluoleo, Sulawesi, Indonesia g University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee ABSTRACT: Extreme climate conditions have dramatic socio-economic impacts on human populations across the tropics. In Indonesia, severe drought and floods have been associated with El Nino-Southern˜ Oscillation (ENSO) events that originate in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. Recently, an Indian Ocean dipole mode (IOD) in sea surface temperature (SST) has been proposed as another potential cause of drought and flood extremes in western Indonesia and elsewhere around the Indian Ocean rim. The nature of such variability and its degree of independence from the ENSO system are topics of recent debate, but understanding is hampered by the scarcity of long instrumental records for the tropics. Here, we describe a tree-ring reconstruction of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for Java, Indonesia, that preserves a history of ENSO and IOD-related extremes over the past 217 years. -
Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Human Activities
4 Agriculture, Forestry, and Other Human Activities CO-CHAIRS D. Kupfer (Germany, Fed. Rep.) R. Karimanzira (Zimbabwe) CONTENTS AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY, AND OTHER HUMAN ACTIVITIES EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 77 4.1 INTRODUCTION 85 4.2 FOREST RESPONSE STRATEGIES 87 4.2.1 Special Issues on Boreal Forests 90 4.2.1.1 Introduction 90 4.2.1.2 Carbon Sinks of the Boreal Region 90 4.2.1.3 Consequences of Climate Change on Emissions 90 4.2.1.4 Possibilities to Refix Carbon Dioxide: A Case Study 91 4.2.1.5 Measures and Policy Options 91 4.2.1.5.1 Forest Protection 92 4.2.1.5.2 Forest Management 92 4.2.1.5.3 End Uses and Biomass Conversion 92 4.2.2 Special Issues on Temperate Forests 92 4.2.2.1 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Temperate Forests 92 4.2.2.2 Global Warming: Impacts and Effects on Temperate Forests 93 4.2.2.3 Costs of Forestry Countermeasures 93 4.2.2.4 Constraints on Forestry Measures 94 4.2.3 Special Issues on Tropical Forests 94 4.2.3.1 Introduction to Tropical Deforestation and Climatic Concerns 94 4.2.3.2 Forest Carbon Pools and Forest Cover Statistics 94 4.2.3.3 Estimates of Current Rates of Forest Loss 94 4.2.3.4 Patterns and Causes of Deforestation 95 4.2.3.5 Estimates of Current Emissions from Forest Land Clearing 97 4.2.3.6 Estimates of Future Forest Loss and Emissions 98 4.2.3.7 Strategies to Reduce Emissions: Types of Response Options 99 4.2.3.8 Policy Options 103 75 76 IPCC RESPONSE STRATEGIES WORKING GROUP REPORTS 4.3 AGRICULTURE RESPONSE STRATEGIES 105 4.3.1 Summary of Agricultural Emissions of Greenhouse Gases 105 4.3.2 Measures and -
Identification of Hotspots of Rainfall Variation Sensitive to Indian Ocean
https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2019-217 Preprint. Discussion started: 4 June 2019 c Author(s) 2019. CC BY 4.0 License. 1 Identification of Hotspots of Rainfall Variation 2 Sensitive to Indian Ocean Dipole Mode through 3 Intentional Statistical Simulations 4 5 Jong-Suk Kim1, Phetlamphanh Xaiyaseng1, Lihua Xiong1, Sun-Kwon Yoon2,*, Taesam Lee3,* 6 1 State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan 7 University, Wuhan, 430072, P.R. China; [email protected] (J.K.); [email protected] 8 (P.X.); [email protected] (L.X.) 9 2 Department of Safety and Disaster Prevention Research, Seoul Institute of Technology, Seoul 10 03909, Republic of Korea 11 3 Department of Civil Engineering, ERI, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, 12 Jinju, Gyeongnam, South Korea, 660-701 13 * Correspondence: [email protected] (S.Y.); [email protected] (T.L.) 14 15 Abstract. This study analyzed the sensitivity of rainfall patterns over the Indochina 16 Peninsula (ICP) to sea surface temperature in the Indian Ocean based on statistical 17 simulations of observational data. Quantitative changes in rainfall patterns over the ICP 18 were examined for both wet and dry seasons to identify hotspots sensitive to ocean 19 warming in the Indo-Pacific sector. Rainfall variability across the ICP was confirmed 20 amplified by combined and/or independent effects of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation 21 and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). During the years of El Niño and a positive phase of 22 the IOD, rainfall is less than usual in Thailand, Cambodia, southern Laos, and Vietnam. -
A Report on the Mapping Study of Peace & Security Engagement In
A Report on the Mapping Study of Peace & Security Engagement in African Tertiary Institutions Written by Funmi E. Vogt This project was funded through the support of the Carnegie Corporation About the African Leadership Centre In July 2008, King’s College London through the Conflict, Security and Development group (CSDG), established the African Leadership Centre (ALC). In June 2010, the ALC was officially launched in Nairobi, Kenya, as a joint initiative of King’s College London and the University of Nairobi. The ALC aims to build the next generation of scholars and analysts on peace, security and development. The idea of an African Leadership Centre was conceived to generate innovative ways to address some of the challenges faced on the African continent, by a new generation of “home‐grown” talent. The ALC provides mentoring to the next generation of African leaders and facilitates their participation in national, regional and international efforts to achieve transformative change in Africa, and is guided by the following principles: a) To foster African‐led ideas and processes of change b) To encourage diversity in terms of gender, region, class and beliefs c) To provide the right environment for independent thinking d) Recognition of youth agency e) Pursuit of excellence f) Integrity The African Leadership Centre mentors young Africans with the potential to lead innovative change in their communities, countries and across the continent. The Centre links academia and the real world of policy and practice, and aims to build a network of people who are committed to the issue of Peace and Security on the continent of Africa. -
Mainstreaming Native Species-Based Forest Restoration
93 ISBN 978-9962-614-22-7 Mainstreaming Native Species-Based Forest Restoration July 15-16, 2010 Philippines Sponsored by the Environmental Leadership & Training Initiative (ELTI), the Rain Forest Restoration Initiative (RFRI), and the Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines (UP) Diliman Conference Proceedings 91 Mainstreaming Native Species-Based Forest Restoration Conference Proceedings July 15-16, 2010 Philippines Sponsored by The Environmental Leadership & Training Initiative (ELTI) Rain Forest Restoration Initiative (RFRI) University of the Philippines (UP) 2 This is a publication of the Environmental Leadership & Training Initiative (ELTI), a joint program of the Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (F&ES) and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (STRI). www.elti.org Phone: (1) 203-432-8561 [US] E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Text and Editing: J. David Neidel, Hazel Consunji, Jonathan Labozzetta, Alicia Calle, Javier Mateo-Vega Layout: Alicia Calle Photographs: ELTI-Asia Photo Collection Suggested citation: Neidel, J.D., Consunji, H., Labozetta, J., Calle, A. and J. Mateo- Vega, eds. 2012. Mainstreaming Native Species-Based Forest Restoration. ELTI Conference Proceedings. New Haven, CT: Yale University; Panama City: Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. ISBN 978-9962-614-22-7 3 Acknowledgements ELTI recognizes the generosity of the Arcadia Fund, whose fund- ing supports ELTI and helped make this event possible. Additional funding was provided by the Philippine Tropical Forest Conserva- tion Foundation. 4 List of Acronyms ANR Assisted Natural Regeneration Atty. Attorney CBFM Community-Based Forest Management CDM Clean Development Mechanism CI Conservation International CO2 Carbon Dioxide DENR Department of Environment & Natural Resources FAO United Nations Food & Agriculture Organization FMB Forest Management Bureau For. -
Principles and Practice of Forest Landscape Restoration Case Studies from the Drylands of Latin America Edited by A.C
Principles and Practice of Forest Landscape Restoration Case studies from the drylands of Latin America Edited by A.C. Newton and N. Tejedor About IUCN IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development challenges. IUCN works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting scientific research, managing field projects all over the world, and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. IUCN is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organization, with more than 1,000 government and NGO members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN’s work is supported by over 1,000 staff in 60 offices and hundreds of partners in public, NGO and private sectors around the world. www.iucn.org Principles and Practice of Forest Landscape Restoration Case studies from the drylands of Latin America Principles and Practice of Forest Landscape Restoration Case studies from the drylands of Latin America Edited by A.C. Newton and N. Tejedor This book is dedicated to the memory of Margarito Sánchez Carrada, a student who worked on the research project described in these pages. The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN or the European Commission concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Indian Ocean Dipole: Processes and Impacts
Indian Ocean Dipole: Processes and impacts P N VINAYACHANDRAN1,∗, P A FRANCIS2 and S A RAO3 1Centre for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, India 2Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services, Hyderabad 500 055, India 3Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India ∗e-mail: [email protected] Equatorial Indian Ocean is warmer in the east, has a deeper thermocline and mixed layer, and supports a more convective atmosphere than in the west. During certain years, the eastern Indian Ocean becomes unusually cold, anomalous winds blow from east to west along the equator and southeastward off the coast of Sumatra, thermocline and mixed layer lift up and the atmospheric convection gets suppressed. At the same time, western Indian Ocean becomes warmer and enhances atmospheric convection. This coupled ocean-atmospheric phenomenon in which convection, winds, sea surface temperature (SST) and thermocline take part actively is known as the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). Propagation of baroclinic Kelvin and Rossby waves excited by anomalous winds, play an important role in the development of SST anomalies associated with the IOD. Since mean thermocline in the Indian Ocean is deep compared to the Pacific, it was believed for a long time that the Indian Ocean is passive and merely responds to the atmospheric forcing. Discovery of the IOD and studies that followed demonstrate that the Indian Ocean can sustain its own intrinsic coupled ocean-atmosphere processes. About 50% percent of the IOD events in the past 100 years have co-occurred with El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the other half independently. -
Implementing Forest Landscape Restoration – a Practitioner’S Guide
Implementing Forest Landscape Restoration – A Practitioner’s Guide A Practitioner’s Restoration – Landscape Implementing Forest IMPLEMENTING FOREST LANDSCAPE RESTORATION A Practitioner’s Guide Editors: John Stanturf, Stephanie Mansourian, Michael Kleine IMPLEMENTING FOREST LANDSCAPE RESTORATION A Practitioner’s Guide Editors: John Stanturf, Stephanie Mansourian, Michael Kleine Recommended citation: Stanturf, John; Mansourian, Stephanie; Kleine, Michael; eds. 2017. Implementing Forest Landscape Restoration, A Practitioner‘s Guide. International Union of Forest Research Organizations, Special Programme for Development of Capacities (IUFRO-SPDC). Vienna, Austria. 128 p. ISBN - 978-3-902762-78-8 Published by: International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) Available from: IUFRO Headquarters Special Programme for Development of Capacities Marxergasse 2 1030 Vienna Austria Tel: +43-1-877-0151-0 E-mail: [email protected] www.iufro.org Layout: Schrägstrich Kommunikationsdesign Cover photographs: (top) Diverse tropical landscape in the Caribbean, Martinique. Photo © Andre Purret; (bottom left) Stakeholder consultations in Offinso District, Ghana © Ernest Foli; (bottom right) Communicating forest landscape restoration to all sectors of society is essential for implementation success, Kuala Selangor, Malaysia. Photo © Alexander Buck Printed in Austria by Eigner Druck, Tullner Straße 311, 3040 Neulengbach TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Acronyms 4 Preface Using this guide | John Stanturf 6 Introduction and Overview John Stanturf, Michael Kleine 8 Module I. Getting Started | John Stanturf, Michael Kleine, Janice Burns 14 Module II. Governance and Forest Landscape Restoration | Stephanie Mansourian 26 Module III. Designing a Forest Landscape Restoration Project John Stanturf, Michael Kleine, Stephanie Mansourian 37 Module IV. Technical Aspects of Forest Landscape Restoration Project Implementation John Stanturf, Promode Kant, Palle Madsen 50 Module V. -
Deforestation, Forestation, and Water Supply Mingfang Zhang and Xiaohua Wei
PERSPECTIVES Large-scale deforestation and plantation threaten the water supply for local and regional communities in Indonesia by altering streamflow conditions. and climate. Fires often cause hydrophobic soils, with reduced soil infiltration and ac- celeration of surface runoff and soil erosion. In a recent national assessment of the con- tiguous United States, forest fires had the greatest increase in annual streamflow in semiarid regions, followed by warm temper- ate and humid continental climate regions, with insignificant responses in the subtropi- cal Southeast (6). The hydrological impact of insect infestation is likely less pronounced than those of other disturbances. Large-scale beetle outbreaks in the western United States and British Columbia, Canada, over recent de- cades were predicted to increase streamflow, with reduced evapotranspiration because of Downloaded from the death of infested trees (5). However, fur- ther evidence showed negligible impacts of beetle infestation on annual streamflow, ow- ing to increased evapotranspiration of surviv- ing trees and understory vegetation (7). Forestation can either reduce annual streamflow or increase it (4, 8). Zhang et al. http://science.sciencemag.org/ HYDROLOGY (4) found that 60% of the forestation water- sheds had annual streamflow reduced by 0.7 to 65.1% with 0.7 to 100% forest cover gain, Deforestation, forestation, whereas 30% of them (mostly small water- sheds) had annual streamflow increased by 7 to 167.7% with 12 to 100% forest cover gain. and water supply Variations in annual streamflow response to forestation are even greater than those A systematic approach helps to illuminate caused by deforestation, possibly owing to the complex forest-water nexus site conditions prior to forestation and tree on March 13, 2021 species selected.