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European Apple and Pear Crop Forecast 2011
EUROPEAN APPLE AND PEAR CROP FORECAST AUGUST 2011 9 10 August 2011 FOREWORD WAPA, the World Apple and Pear Association, is pleased to provide the 2011 European apple and pear crop estimate. This data will be released on the occasion of the 35th Prognosfruit Conference, which will take place in Ljubljana, Slovenia from 4-6 August 2011. This report is compiled upon the initiative of the apple and pear Working Group of COPA COGECA. The data has been collected with the useful support of the respective representative national producer organisations of the various Member States of the European Union and beyond. In regard to 2011, this report concludes that apple production in the EU for the 21 top producing countries contributing to this report will increase by 5% compared to the previous year, corresponding to a production of 10.195.000T. This production is however a 5% lower than the average for the last three years. In regard to varieties, Golden Delicious production will be up by 5% to 2.533.000T. Gala will increase by 7% to 1.059.000T. Jonagold will be up by 14% at 594.000T, while Red Delicious will decrease by 4% to 635.000T. Regarding pears, European growers predict a higher crop by 12% compared to 2010. Indeed, it is reported that the total crop in 2011 will reach 2.533.000T, compared to 2010 production which reached 2.264.000T. This figure relates to the production of the top 18 Member States of the EU-27 growing pears and contributing with their data to this report. -
Ardrossan Sets Sights on New Growth CONFIDENCE GROWS HERE
Australian Fruitgrower Winter 2020 • Vol 14 • Issue 2 Global knowledge at your fingertips SWP redefines ‘unskilled’ Pruning for vigour Ardrossan sets sights on new growth CONFIDENCE GROWS HERE Introducing a new level of confi dence in DMIs New Belanty fungicide gives you a new level of confi dence in the control of black spot in apples. Setting a new global standard for DMI’s, Belanty provides up to 100 times stronger enzyme binding than other DMI’s and is able to control resistant target disease populations. After years of research, Belanty is the breakthrough you’ve been waiting for. Find out more at crop-solutions.basf.com.au ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW LABEL DIRECTIONS. © Copyright BASF 2020 ® Registered trademark of BASF. W244376 05.2020 CONTENTS A P A L NEWS LABOUR CEO Report . .04 Advocacy update . .05 Global knowledge at your fingertips . .12 21 FEA TURE 06 Seasonal workers redefine ‘unskilled’ Emerging BIOSECURITY stronger Biosecurity – what’s in it for me? . .26 Ardrossan sets sights on new growth . 06 RAISING T H E BAR : Tree returns must justify water cost . .08 R&D - LED INSIGH T S I N T O S M A R TER GROW T H Protect market access . .09 Focus on output . .09 Water security must come first . .10 Identify the opportunities . .11 28 EXPORT Online export training from July . .14 Pruning for vigour S T A T E R O UNDUP management State roundups . .16 MARKETING Campaign adds ‘feel good’ factor . .23 Pears that will arrive well before the heirs . 34 Sundial Orchard: Illuminating the future . -
Apples Catalogue 2019
ADAMS PEARMAIN Herefordshire, England 1862 Oct 15 Nov Mar 14 Adams Pearmain is a an old-fashioned late dessert apple, one of the most popular varieties in Victorian England. It has an attractive 'pearmain' shape. This is a fairly dry apple - which is perhaps not regarded as a desirable attribute today. In spite of this it is actually a very enjoyable apple, with a rich aromatic flavour which in apple terms is usually described as Although it had 'shelf appeal' for the Victorian housewife, its autumnal colouring is probably too subdued to compete with the bright young things of the modern supermarket shelves. Perhaps this is part of its appeal; it recalls a bygone era where subtlety of flavour was appreciated - a lovely apple to savour in front of an open fire on a cold winter's day. Tree hardy. Does will in all soils, even clay. AERLIE RED FLESH (Hidden Rose, Mountain Rose) California 1930’s 19 20 20 Cook Oct 20 15 An amazing red fleshed apple, discovered in Aerlie, Oregon, which may be the best of all red fleshed varieties and indeed would be an outstandingly delicious apple no matter what color the flesh is. A choice seedling, Aerlie Red Flesh has a beautiful yellow skin with pale whitish dots, but it is inside that it excels. Deep rose red flesh, juicy, crisp, hard, sugary and richly flavored, ripening late (October) and keeping throughout the winter. The late Conrad Gemmer, an astute observer of apples with 500 varieties in his collection, rated Hidden Rose an outstanding variety of top quality. -
APPLE (Fruit Varieties)
E TG/14/9 ORIGINAL: English DATE: 2005-04-06 INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NEW VARIETIES OF PLANTS GENEVA * APPLE (Fruit Varieties) UPOV Code: MALUS_DOM (Malus domestica Borkh.) GUIDELINES FOR THE CONDUCT OF TESTS FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY Alternative Names:* Botanical name English French German Spanish Malus domestica Apple Pommier Apfel Manzano Borkh. The purpose of these guidelines (“Test Guidelines”) is to elaborate the principles contained in the General Introduction (document TG/1/3), and its associated TGP documents, into detailed practical guidance for the harmonized examination of distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) and, in particular, to identify appropriate characteristics for the examination of DUS and production of harmonized variety descriptions. ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS These Test Guidelines should be read in conjunction with the General Introduction and its associated TGP documents. Other associated UPOV documents: TG/163/3 Apple Rootstocks TG/192/1 Ornamental Apple * These names were correct at the time of the introduction of these Test Guidelines but may be revised or updated. [Readers are advised to consult the UPOV Code, which can be found on the UPOV Website (www.upov.int), for the latest information.] i:\orgupov\shared\tg\applefru\tg 14 9 e.doc TG/14/9 Apple, 2005-04-06 - 2 - TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1. SUBJECT OF THESE TEST GUIDELINES..................................................................................................3 2. MATERIAL REQUIRED ...............................................................................................................................3 -
Apple Varieties in Maine Frederick Charles Bradford
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Electronic Theses and Dissertations Fogler Library 6-1911 Apple Varieties in Maine Frederick Charles Bradford Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd Part of the Agriculture Commons Recommended Citation Bradford, Frederick Charles, "Apple Varieties in Maine" (1911). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2384. http://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/etd/2384 This Open-Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of Maine in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE by FREDERICK CHARLES BRADFORD, B. S . Orono, Maine. June, 1911. 8 2 8 5 INTRODUCTION The following pages represent an effort to trace the causes of the changing procession of varieties of apples grown in Maine. To this end the history of fruit growing in Maine has been carefully studied, largely through the Agricultural Reports from 1850 to 1909 and the columns of the Maine Farmer fran 1838 to 1875. The inquiry has been confined as rigidly as possible to this state, out side sources being referred to only for sake of compari son. Rather incidentally, soil influences, modifications due to climate, etc., have been considered. Naturally* since the inquiry was limited to printed record, nothing new has been discovered in this study. Perhaps a somewhat new point of view has been achieved. And, since early Maine pomological literature has been rather neglected by our leading writers, some few forgot ten facts have been exhumed. -
Spring Issue Dog-Friendly Adams County! Tickets on Sale: June 1, 2018 Spring and Fall Are the Seasons with the Most Appropriate Names
MAGAZINE May / June 2018 COMPLIMENTARY Spring Issue Dog-Friendly Adams County! TICKETS ON SALE: JUNE 1, 2018 Spring and fall are the seasons with the most appropriate names. MAGAZINE MAY / JUNE 2018 We spring into brightness. Colorful flowers and delicious fruits and A publication of Gettysburg Times, LLC vegetables spring to life. In PO Box 3669, Gettysburg, PA September, they begin to fall to death. In this issue of Companion, we focus PUBLISHER on the rebirth - spring. Harry Hartman Holly Fletcher and Mary Grace Keller EDITOR help readers focus in on spring goals Alex J. Hayes of planting your own garden and MAGAZINE DESIGN growing your own vegetables. Kristine Celli Jim Hale explains how these BY ALEX J. HAYES wonderful plants are pollinated with CONTRIBUTING our buzzing friends. WRITERS Speaking of friends, two close friends Holly Fletcher of mine - my Golden Retriever Toby Jim Hale and Black Lab Callie - make their Mary Grace Keller Josh Martin Companion debut in a Vanessa A Note Vanessa Pellechio Pellechio feature about dog-friendly From The Gettysburg. PHOTOGRAPHY We round out this issue with John Armstrong another feature by Josh Martin about Holly Fletcher one of Adams County’s Mary Grace Keller all-star athletes. Jim Hale Editor We hope you enjoy this edition Darryl Wheeler and spring breathes new life into ADVERTISING SALES your world. Brooke Asper Tanya Parsons Nancy Pritt What’s Inside: David Kelly The Gettysburg Companion is published bimonthly and distributed throughout CALENDAR ����������������������������������������4 the area. The Gettysburg Companion can be mailed to you for $27 per year (six ����������������������� 7 issues) or $42 for two years (12 issues). -
Branched-Chain Ester Biosynthesis in Ripening Apple Fruit
BRANCHED-CHAIN ESTER BIOSYNTHESIS IN RIPENING APPLE FRUIT By Nobuko Sugimoto A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Horticulture 2011 ABSTRACT BRANCHED-CHAIN ESTER BIOSYNTHESIS IN RIPENING APPLE FRUIT By Nobuko Sugimoto In apple fruit, aroma is an essential element of organoleptic quality and it can suffer in response to a number of pre- and post-harvest cultural treatments. Of the several classes of odor-active compounds, esters are the most important, but little is known regarding pathways of biosynthesis. This research presents evidence for a ‘new’ pathway for ester biosynthesis in apple that uses the starting products pyruvate and acetyl-CoA for the synthesis of precursors to branched-chain (BC) and certain short, straight-chain (SC) esters. The initial step in the pathway involves the formation of citramalic acid from pyruvate and acetyl-CoA by citramalate synthase (CIM). Citramalic acid then provides for the formation of α-keto-β-methylvalerate and its tramsaminated product isoleucine via α-ketobutyrate, and also for the BC ester precursors 2-methylbutanol or 2- methylbutanoate. The hypothesized pathway also provides for the formation of 3-, 4-, and 5- carbon fatty acids via the process of single-carbon elongation of α-keto acids, which are metabolized to short-chain fatty acids. These short-chain fatty acids are proposed to contribute to SC ester formation. Analysis of ripening fruit revealed that citramalic acid increased about 120- fold as ester production increased during ripening. At the same time, the content of isoleucine increased more than 20-fold, while other amino acids remained steady or declined. -
Variety Description Origin Approximate Ripening Uses
Approximate Variety Description Origin Ripening Uses Yellow Transparent Tart, crisp Imported from Russia by USDA in 1870s Early July All-purpose Lodi Tart, somewhat firm New York, Early 1900s. Montgomery x Transparent. Early July Baking, sauce Pristine Sweet-tart PRI (Purdue Rutgers Illinois) release, 1994. Mid-late July All-purpose Dandee Red Sweet-tart, semi-tender New Ohio variety. An improved PaulaRed type. Early August Eating, cooking Redfree Mildly tart and crunchy PRI release, 1981. Early-mid August Eating Sansa Sweet, crunchy, juicy Japan, 1988. Akane x Gala. Mid August Eating Ginger Gold G. Delicious type, tangier G Delicious seedling found in Virginia, late 1960s. Mid August All-purpose Zestar! Sweet-tart, crunchy, juicy U Minn, 1999. State Fair x MN 1691. Mid August Eating, cooking St Edmund's Pippin Juicy, crisp, rich flavor From Bury St Edmunds, 1870. Mid August Eating, cider Chenango Strawberry Mildly tart, berry flavors 1850s, Chenango County, NY Mid August Eating, cooking Summer Rambo Juicy, tart, aromatic 16th century, Rambure, France. Mid-late August Eating, sauce Honeycrisp Sweet, very crunchy, juicy U Minn, 1991. Unknown parentage. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Burgundy Tart, crisp 1974, from NY state Late Aug.-early Sept. All-purpose Blondee Sweet, crunchy, juicy New Ohio apple. Related to Gala. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Gala Sweet, crisp New Zealand, 1934. Golden Delicious x Cox Orange. Late Aug.-early Sept. Eating Swiss Gourmet Sweet-tart, juicy Switzerland. Golden x Idared. Late Aug.-early Sept. All-purpose Golden Supreme Sweet, Golden Delcious type Idaho, 1960. Golden Delicious seedling Early September Eating, cooking Pink Pearl Sweet-tart, bright pink flesh California, 1944, developed from Surprise Early September All-purpose Autumn Crisp Juicy, slow to brown Golden Delicious x Monroe. -
Apples: Organic Production Guide
A project of the National Center for Appropriate Technology 1-800-346-9140 • www.attra.ncat.org Apples: Organic Production Guide By Tammy Hinman This publication provides information on organic apple production from recent research and producer and Guy Ames, NCAT experience. Many aspects of apple production are the same whether the grower uses low-spray, organic, Agriculture Specialists or conventional management. Accordingly, this publication focuses on the aspects that differ from Published nonorganic practices—primarily pest and disease control, marketing, and economics. (Information on March 2011 organic weed control and fertility management in orchards is presented in a separate ATTRA publica- © NCAT tion, Tree Fruits: Organic Production Overview.) This publication introduces the major apple insect pests IP020 and diseases and the most effective organic management methods. It also includes farmer profiles of working orchards and a section dealing with economic and marketing considerations. There is an exten- sive list of resources for information and supplies and an appendix on disease-resistant apple varieties. Contents Introduction ......................1 Geographical Factors Affecting Disease and Pest Management ...........3 Insect and Mite Pests .....3 Insect IPM in Apples - Kaolin Clay ........6 Diseases ........................... 14 Mammal and Bird Pests .........................20 Thinning ..........................20 Weed and Orchard Floor Management ......20 Economics and Marketing ........................22 Conclusion -
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® Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Science and Biotechnology ©2011 Global Science Books Apple Breeding – From the Origin to Genetic Engineering Andreas Peil1* • Markus Kellerhals2 • Monika Höfer1 • Henryk Flachowsky1 1 Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Institute for Breeding Research on Horticultural and Fruit Crops, Pillnitzer Platz 3a, D-01326 Dresden, Germany 2 Swiss Federal Research Station Agroscope Changins-Wädenswil, CH-8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT Apple is the most important temperate fruit crop and ranks fourth in world production of fruits after citrus, grapes and bananas. Although more than 10,000 cultivars are documented, only a few dozen are grown on a commercial scale worldwide. Despite the abundant number of cultivars there is a demand for new cultivars better adapted to climatic conditions/changes and sustainable production. Yet, the challenge for apple breeding is the establishment of improved, multiple disease resistant cultivars with high and regularly yield suited for modern production systems. Due to the fast development of molecular techniques an increasing knowledge on the genome of apple is available, e.g. the whole genome sequence of ‘Golden Delicious’ (Velasco et al. 2010). Molecular markers for a lot of major traits, mostly resistance genes, and QTLs facilitate marker assisted selection, especially the pyramiding of resistance genes to achieve more durable resistance. Mainly the breakdown of the Rvi6 (Vf) scab resistance enhanced the breeding for pyramided resistance genes. But nevertheless, until now there is a gap between the existing molecular knowledge and its application in apple breeding. This paper will focus on the origin and domestication of apple, breeding objectives and classical as well as molecular approaches to achieve breeding aims. -
Print Open Colour Acceptances
PRINT OPEN COLOUR ACCEPTANCES AUSTRALIA Vicki Moritz EFIAP/p APSEM Thunder Point Lighthouse GMPSA APP BELGIUM Maurits De Groen Triangles Sara Gabriels EPSA Second class Wrinkles of life Luc Stalmans Diffraction in a spider web Somnium Verum Evadit The Rope CHANNEL ISLANDS Steven Le Prevost FRPS AFIAP Sidney GPU Ribbon MPAGB FIPF Meadowgrove Farm Sophie and Susan CHINA Yin Ba Joyful song in the desert SPS Medal Medal Morning glow in the mist Ji Chen Joy The couple Shaohua Chen Eye Face Mending net Tao Feng Left-behind children Jian Kang Mettled horses Xinjiang body prairie Jianping Li Basha matador Eullient Lusheng Festival Take across semtient beings Jiangchuan Tong Vestrahorn in Iceland 2 Yonghe Wang Sevent steeds compete SPS Ribbon Bo Xu Born of fire Sisong Yang Wrangler SPS Ribbon Du Yi Over the rainbow Strange dream Changren Yu Herdsman 4 SPS Ribbon Herdsman 2 Herdsman 3 ENGLAND Gerry Adcock ARPS Names Can't Hurt Me Terri Adcock LRPS CPAGB AFIAP Chasing the Pack PPSA Dave Airston LRPS CPAGB Gracefulness Warren Alani ARPS DPAGB AFIP Full Thrust BPE***** Maria On The Ball Eagerness PSA Silver Medal Helen Ashbourne ARPS DPAGB Dance Dancer in Pink Dancing the Blues Charles Edward Ashton ARPS Bidri Production Hyderabad DPAGB BPE3 AFIAP Metalwork Poultry Processing Kerala Purple Portrait Barry Badcock ARPS Passing John Birch MAXIMUM POWER Francesca Bramall Isolation Soft Wash Of Waves Winter Landscape At Sandon David Bray Stormy Day At Godrevy Vulcan Reflection At Dusk Joe Brennan LRPS DPAGB BPE3* Innocent Lorna Brown ARPS EFIAP CPAGB Nest -
Survey of Apple Clones in the United States
Historic, archived document Do not assume content reflects current scientific knowledge, policies, or practices. 5 ARS 34-37-1 May 1963 A Survey of Apple Clones in the United States u. S. DFPT. OF AGRffini r U>2 4 L964 Agricultural Research Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PREFACE This publication reports on surveys of the deciduous fruit and nut clones being maintained at the Federal and State experiment stations in the United States. It will b- published in three c parts: I. Apples, II. Stone Fruit. , UI, Pears, Nuts, and Other Fruits. This survey was conducted at the request of the National Coor- dinating Committee on New Crops. Its purpose is to obtain an indication of the volume of material that would be involved in establishing clonal germ plasm repositories for the use of fruit breeders throughout the country. ACKNOWLEDGMENT Gratitude is expressed for the assistance of H. F. Winters of the New Crops Research Branch, Crops Research Division, Agricultural Research Service, under whose direction the questionnaire was designed and initial distribution made. The author also acknowledges the work of D. D. Dolan, W. R. Langford, W. H. Skrdla, and L. A. Mullen, coordinators of the New Crops Regional Cooperative Program, through whom the data used in this survey were obtained from the State experiment stations. Finally, it is recognized that much extracurricular work was expended by the various experiment stations in completing the questionnaires. : CONTENTS Introduction 1 Germany 298 Key to reporting stations. „ . 4 Soviet Union . 302 Abbreviations used in descriptions .... 6 Sweden . 303 Sports United States selections 304 Baldwin.