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Transhumance 2011
Transhumance in Eastern Balkan Mountains, Bulgaria. May and October 2011 Transhumance is the seasonal movement of shepherds and their livestock. They migrate between mountainous and lowland pastures as the seasons change. Transhumance used to be widespread in Bulgaria and although the transhumance is of high importance for the maintenance of grassland habitats and culture conservation, the practice was lost under communism. It has been unclear until recently, but we are happy to inform you that the Transhumance in Bulgaria, for the fourth continuing year, also will be held this year. The main reason for this is that the National Park “Sinite Kamani” (Blue Rocks) near Sliven need a herd to grace the higher pastures and that in the area Kotel – Sliven the move of herds is not banned. This Transhumance will again be open for tourist who, with their contribution, will help the economic possibility by side-financing the shepherd’s family and contact person of the Foundation for Wild Flora and Fauna (FWFF). The spring Transhumance will be held from 14-21 May and the route goes from Arpaluka – Kotel – Zheravna – Neykovo – Sinite Kamani. The autumn Transhumance will be held from 8 – 15 October with reversed route. See Google Planet: Arpaluka to Sinite Kamani, with as centre Neykovo Per day the distance will be not more than 15 km and the attitude difference not more than 600 meters (400-1000 meters). The heard will be between 100 to 140 sheep, accompanied by the shepherd’s family Dobri and his wife together with one or two horsemen, and facilitated by Lucho from the local FWFF branch. -
The Slugs of Bulgaria (Arionidae, Milacidae, Agriolimacidae
POLSKA AKADEMIA NAUK INSTYTUT ZOOLOGII ANNALES ZOOLOGICI Tom 37 Warszawa, 20 X 1983 Nr 3 A n d rzej W ik t o r The slugs of Bulgaria (A rionidae , M ilacidae, Limacidae, Agriolimacidae — G astropoda , Stylommatophora) [With 118 text-figures and 31 maps] Abstract. All previously known Bulgarian slugs from the Arionidae, Milacidae, Limacidae and Agriolimacidae families have been discussed in this paper. It is based on many years of individual field research, examination of all accessible private and museum collections as well as on critical analysis of the published data. The taxa from families to species are sup plied with synonymy, descriptions of external morphology, anatomy, bionomics, distribution and all records from Bulgaria. It also includes the original key to all species. The illustrative material comprises 118 drawings, including 116 made by the author, and maps of localities on UTM grid. The occurrence of 37 slug species was ascertained, including 1 species (Tandonia pirinia- na) which is quite new for scientists. The occurrence of other 4 species known from publications could not bo established. Basing on the variety of slug fauna two zoogeographical limits were indicated. One separating the Stara Pianina Mountains from south-western massifs (Pirin, Rila, Rodopi, Vitosha. Mountains), the other running across the range of Stara Pianina in the^area of Shipka pass. INTRODUCTION Like other Balkan countries, Bulgaria is an area of Palearctic especially interesting in respect to malacofauna. So far little investigation has been carried out on molluscs of that country and very few papers on slugs (mostly contributions) were published. The papers by B a b o r (1898) and J u r in ić (1906) are the oldest ones. -
Relics of the Bulgarian National Epic
PAISStt OF HILENDAR: FOUNDER OF THE NATIONAL IDEOLOGY In modern historiography the first centuries of the of the respectful image of Mediaeval Bulgaria. In Sremski Ottoman rule of Bulgarian lands are determined as Late Karlovci, one of the most active literary centres of the Middle Ages. The time from the beginning of the 18th time, Paissi read the book of Dubrovnik Abbot Mavro century to the 1877-1878 Russo-Turkish War is called Orbini "The Realm of the Slavs" in which he discovered Bulgarian National Revival. If the National Revival period considerable evidence about the Bulgarians' past. for Northern Bulgaria and the Sofia Region continued by In 1762 he completed "Slav-Bulgarian History, about 1878, for Eastern Rumelia it was by 1885 and for the People and the Kings, the Bulgarian Saints and All Macedonia and Adrianople Thrace by 1912-1913. Bulgarian Activities and Events". In 83 hand-written The National Revival in the Bulgarian lands witnessed pages the inspired Hilendar Monk interpreted using considerable economic progress. The Bulgarian were romantic and heightened tone the grandour of increasingly getting rid of their mediaeval restricted out- Mediaeval Bulgaria, the victory of the Bulgarian army look and helplessness and were gradually getting aware over Byzantium, the impressive bravery and manliness of as people, aspiring towards economic and cultural the Bulgarians, the historic mission of the Cyril and progress. Hilendar monk Paissii became a mouthpiece of Methodius brothers and other eloquent facts, worthy to these changes in the national self-awareness. He was be remembers and respected by the successors. Already the first to perceive the beginning of the new time and in the forward this noted Bulgarian appealed with gen- the need of formulating verbally the maturing historical uine sincerity towards his compatriots to love and keep prospects and tasks before the Bulgarian people. -
The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800S-1900S
The Shaping of Bulgarian and Serbian National Identities, 1800s-1900s February 2003 Katrin Bozeva-Abazi Department of History McGill University, Montreal A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1 Contents 1. Abstract/Resume 3 2. Note on Transliteration and Spelling of Names 6 3. Acknowledgments 7 4. Introduction 8 How "popular" nationalism was created 5. Chapter One 33 Peasants and intellectuals, 1830-1914 6. Chapter Two 78 The invention of the modern Balkan state: Serbia and Bulgaria, 1830-1914 7. Chapter Three 126 The Church and national indoctrination 8. Chapter Four 171 The national army 8. Chapter Five 219 Education and national indoctrination 9. Conclusions 264 10. Bibliography 273 Abstract The nation-state is now the dominant form of sovereign statehood, however, a century and a half ago the political map of Europe comprised only a handful of sovereign states, very few of them nations in the modern sense. Balkan historiography often tends to minimize the complexity of nation-building, either by referring to the national community as to a monolithic and homogenous unit, or simply by neglecting different social groups whose consciousness varied depending on region, gender and generation. Further, Bulgarian and Serbian historiography pay far more attention to the problem of "how" and "why" certain events have happened than to the emergence of national consciousness of the Balkan peoples as a complex and durable process of mental evolution. This dissertation on the concept of nationality in which most Bulgarians and Serbs were educated and socialized examines how the modern idea of nationhood was disseminated among the ordinary people and it presents the complicated process of national indoctrination carried out by various state institutions. -
Discover Bulgaria Is Famous for Its 600 Healing Mineral Water Springs
Bulgaria Discover Ministry of Economy, Energy and Tourism Bulgaria, 1052 Sofia, 8 Slavyanska Str., Tel. +359 2 94071, fax: +359 2 987 2190 е-mail: [email protected] Bulgaria www.mee.government.bg www.bulgariatravel.org This document is created within the framework of the project “Elaboration and distribution of advertising and informational materials for promotion of Bulgaria as a tourism destination”, Agreement BG161PO001/3.3-01-4, realized with the financial support of Operational Programme “Regional development” 2007 – 2013, co-financed by the European Union through the European Fund for Regional Development. All responsibility for the contents of this document is borne by the beneficiary – the Ministry of Economy, Energy and Tourism and in no circumstances it should be regarded that this document reflects the official position of the European Union and the Governing Authority. USEFULL INFORMATION Bulgaria State government system: Parliamentary Republic Capital city: Sofia (population 1.2 million) Official language: Bulgarian, script – Cyrillic Religion: Orthodox (85%), Muslim (8%), other (7%) Time zone: GMT (London) + 2, Eastern Europe time (Germany) + 1 Climate: Humid continental, in the southern parts – transitive Mediterranean. Average temperatures for January are from -2 to 2 Сo in the lowland and -10 Сo in the mountains, in July 19-25 degrees Сo in the lowland and about 10 degrees Сo in the higher parts of the mountains. BULGARIARainfall - 450-600 mm in the lowland, up to 1300 mm in the mountains. Currency: Bulgarian lev -
Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage
Cyrillic Manuscript Heritage Volume 16 December 2004 The Ohio State THE HILANDAR RESEARCH LIBRARY Columbus University THE RESOURCE CENTER FOR MEDIEVAL SLAVIC STUDIES Ohio Library Renovations To Affect HRL/RCMSS Services to Continue As Usual The renovation of the William Oxley of approximately the Thompson Memorial (“Main”) Library will same size as the two affect the Hilandar Research Library (HRL) rooms we now have in and the Resource Center for Medieval the Main Library. We are Slavic Studies (RCMSS) for the next sev- grateful to the Admin- eral years and well into the future. Our ser- istration of the OSU Li- vice to the community of medieval Slavic braries for accommodat- scholars, researchers, and students, how- ing HRL’s special needs, ever, will proceed with minimal disruption. which include on-site In summer 2005, the HRL and RCMSS teaching. It is our inten- are scheduled to move from their current tion to continue our location on the second floor of the OSU various activities and Main Library to temporary quarters at 650 services with only a Ackerman Road, approximately 3 miles brief interruption while from the OSU main campus. The majority packing and unpacking Architect’s Rendering: Southwest View of the Future Renovated of the other offices and reading rooms of take place. The moving William Oxley Thompson Memorial Library the Main Library will also be housed in process is currently the “ABB” building. HRL and RCMSS will scheduled to take place next summer. We HRL/RCMSS AND THE FUTURE occupy a secure location on the second will remain in the ABB building for ap- Upon our return (circa 2008), the HRL floor of the ABB Ackerman Road building proximately three years. -
Downloaded 4.0 License
CHAPTER 14 Choral Societies and National Mobilization in Nineteenth-Century Bulgaria Ivanka Vlaeva Compared with the histories of many national movements in nineteenth- century Europe, in Bulgaria the industrial revolution was delayed and mod- ern culture arrived late. Lagging behind most other Europeans, the Bulgarian population had to compensate for its lack of modern cultural development. Thus, one important characteristic of Bulgarian culture is its evolution at accelerated rates. Before liberation in 1878, for almost five centuries the Bulgarian lands were under Ottoman rule, without their own governmental and religious institu- tions. Foreign rule, a feudal economy, a weak middle class, and the absence of national cultural institutions were serious obstacles to the development of a new culture on the western European model. The most important aims for the Bulgarians (led by educators, intellectuals, and revolutionists) were to struggle politically against Ottoman governance, economically for new industrial pro- cesses in the Ottoman Empire, and culturally for a national identity. The lead- ers of the revolutionary movement called for a struggle not against the Turkish people, but against Ottoman rulers and foreign clerks.1 These historical processes resemble those elsewhere in Europe, especially in the central and southeastern regions. Nineteenth-century Bulgarian culture therefore needs to be considered along with that of the Balkans more gener- ally because of the cultural similarities, interactions, and fluctuations in this region.2 The establishment of a new economy and the fight for modern educa- tion were among the main priorities in Bulgarian communities. The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries are the so-called Revival period in Bulgarian cultural development, strongly influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment. -
Bulgaria Eco Tours and Village Life
BULGARIA ECO TOURS AND VILLAGE LIFE www.bulgariatravel.org Unique facts about Bulgaria INTRODUCTION To get to know Bulgaria, one has to dive into its authenticity, to taste the product of its nature, to backpack across the country and to gather bouquets of memories and impressions. The variety of The treasure of Bulgarian nature is well preserved Bulgarian nature offers abundant opportunities for engaging outdoor in the national conservation parks. The climate and activities – one can hike around the many eco trails in the National diverse landscape across the country are combined Parks and preservation areas, observe rare animal and bird species or in a unique way. This is one of the many reasons for visit caves and landmarks. the country to have such an animal and plant diversity. Bulgaria has a dense net of eco trails. There are new routes constantly Many rare, endangered and endemic species live in the marked across the mountains, which makes many places of interest Bulgarian conservation parks. Through the territory and landmarks more accessible. of the country passes Via Pontica – the route of the migratory birds from Europe to Africa. The eco-friendly outdoor activities are easily combined with the opportunity to enjoy rural and alternative tours. One can get acquainted with the authentic Bulgarian folklore and can stay in a traditional vintage village house in the regions of Rila, Pirin, The Rodopi For those who love nature, Bulgaria is the Mountains, Strandzha, Stara Planina (the Balkan Range), the Upper place to be. You can appreciate the full Thracian valley, the Danube and the Black Sea Coast regions. -
D. T. Sougarev
CHAJ'TER SEVEN D. T. Sougarev Numerous monuments dating back to larly typical in this respect is the villa ancient times are still preserved in Bul- discovered in Abritus (present-day garia. This is not surprising as, owing to Razgrad), probably the property of a its central geographic location in the big landowner; it bad a large rectangu- Balkan Peninsula, it has been criss- lar atrium (25 & 125 metres) paved crossed by countless tribes and invad- with marble slabs and interspersed with ers. At the crossroadsof the Mediterra- colonnades in an Ionic style, which was nean world and a gateway to the Orient, surrounded by 27 residential and other it was a meeting-place of various cul- buildings. tural foci in Antiquity . The break-up of the Roman Empire The still ~xtant architectural monu- into a Western and an Eastern part was ments, as weU as archaeological finds of prime importance for the further and products of the other arts, give us an developmentoflandscapegardeningin idea about the achievements of I:and- Bulgaria. The star of the new capital of scape gardening in those long bygone the Eastern Roman Empire, constanti- days. The monuments of Thracian art nople, began to shine brightly, and its discovered fairly recently, in particular beneficial cultural influence was felt the famoùs Kazanluk tomb with its with particular intensity in the nearby wonderful frescoes,are of great interest Balkan lands. With the disappearance as a basis of Bulgarian architecture and of the Western Roman Empire, mighty arts in general. In the Thracian town of Byzantium remained the only Seuthopolis the dwellings were laid out custodian of Roman traditions. -
LOCAL SERVICE PROVIDERS –BULGARIA Nr
LOCAL SERVICE PROVIDERS –BULGARIA Nr. Name Description Location/Address Contact Email/Skype Telephone Website/Facebook Map nr. 1. Bulgaria LSPs Targovishte Province 01. “Wild Thyme” Organic If you like delicious organic food and want to experience a 9, Klement Okridski Claire Coulter hello@wildthymefar Farmstay & Eco retreat traditional Bulgarian village, you'll love “Wild Thyme”. The place is Str., Palamartsa Chris Fenton m.org described in the UK Guardian as Bulgaria's “most ecologically village, 7850, committed and spiritually inspired” retreat, “a labor of love and Popovo, (+359) 876 56 27 46 http://www.wildthym ingenuity”. On their small organic mixed farm which includes pigs, Targovishte (+359) 877 38 37 90 efarm.org/ goats and chicks, the owners, Claire and Chris, have created a Province, Bulgaria homely eco guesthouse finished in natural materials of mud plaster http://www.responsi and limewash. There are two spacious doubles, a king size room and bletravel.com/accom a twin. The rooms are in farmhouse style with exposed beams and modation/15446/bulg cozy furnishings. The garden room, which is one of the double arian-organic- rooms, is finished in mud plaster with a large old open fire in the farmstay-eco-retreat corner and a door opening onto the garden. The other three rooms are on the first floor overlooking the garden or park opposite the house and open onto an old wooden verandah with rocking chair. http://www.tripadvis Downstairs is a modern kitchen, dining area and cozy living room or.com/Hotel_Review with wood burning stove for the colder months. Guests have their -g2100790-d4930699- own private garden with barbeque, hammock and firepit. -
BULGARIA 2020 the MONASTERY CIRCUIT CYCLE TOUR Semi-Guided - 8 Days/7 Nights
BULGARIA 2020 THE MONASTERY CIRCUIT CYCLE TOUR Semi-Guided - 8 Days/7 Nights Experience the hospitality of the Bulgarian Monasteries and its fascinating history on a bike, escorted by an English speaking guide/driver with a support vehicle throughout. This tour is not just a circuit of some of the most interesting Bulgarian monasteries, it is also a journey through Bulgaria's history. All of the featured religious buildings are monuments to what has happened in Bulgaria over the last 700 years or so. Along with the rich history you will enjoy the greenness of the mountains (“Balkana”) and admire its outstanding nature - beautiful waterfalls, caves, rock cliffs, forests, vast meadows, rivers and valleys combined with crop and potato fields. Bike along the central Balkan Mountains exploring many villages nestled among quiet valleys and beautiful green landscapes. It seems that time has stopped here and life is quiet and peaceful - people still use the horse driven cart, look after their small herds of sheep, goats and cattle, cut the grass in the old fashion way, take care of their small vegetable gardens or just sit in front of their houses and have a chat. TOUR HIGHLIGHTS ♦ Arbanasi village is famous for its massive houses that resemble minor fortresses, several monasteries and old churches ♦ Dryanovo Monastery “St Archangel Michael” - located in the gorge of Dryanovska River where limestone rocks rise high on all sides ♦ Tryavna has preserved its old town square, the only one left in the country, which has been proclaimed as a Monument of Architecture. ♦ Etura Open-air Ethnographic Museum - Master craftsmen fashion beautiful gold, silver, copper, leather and wooden articles right before your eyes from early morning until late at the night. -
Maps -- by Region Or Country -- Eastern Hemisphere -- Europe
G5702 EUROPE. REGIONS, NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. G5702 Alps see G6035+ .B3 Baltic Sea .B4 Baltic Shield .C3 Carpathian Mountains .C6 Coasts/Continental shelf .G4 Genoa, Gulf of .G7 Great Alföld .P9 Pyrenees .R5 Rhine River .S3 Scheldt River .T5 Tisza River 1971 G5722 WESTERN EUROPE. REGIONS, NATURAL G5722 FEATURES, ETC. .A7 Ardennes .A9 Autoroute E10 .F5 Flanders .G3 Gaul .M3 Meuse River 1972 G5741.S BRITISH ISLES. HISTORY G5741.S .S1 General .S2 To 1066 .S3 Medieval period, 1066-1485 .S33 Norman period, 1066-1154 .S35 Plantagenets, 1154-1399 .S37 15th century .S4 Modern period, 1485- .S45 16th century: Tudors, 1485-1603 .S5 17th century: Stuarts, 1603-1714 .S53 Commonwealth and protectorate, 1660-1688 .S54 18th century .S55 19th century .S6 20th century .S65 World War I .S7 World War II 1973 G5742 BRITISH ISLES. GREAT BRITAIN. REGIONS, G5742 NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. .C6 Continental shelf .I6 Irish Sea .N3 National Cycle Network 1974 G5752 ENGLAND. REGIONS, NATURAL FEATURES, ETC. G5752 .A3 Aire River .A42 Akeman Street .A43 Alde River .A7 Arun River .A75 Ashby Canal .A77 Ashdown Forest .A83 Avon, River [Gloucestershire-Avon] .A85 Avon, River [Leicestershire-Gloucestershire] .A87 Axholme, Isle of .A9 Aylesbury, Vale of .B3 Barnstaple Bay .B35 Basingstoke Canal .B36 Bassenthwaite Lake .B38 Baugh Fell .B385 Beachy Head .B386 Belvoir, Vale of .B387 Bere, Forest of .B39 Berkeley, Vale of .B4 Berkshire Downs .B42 Beult, River .B43 Bignor Hill .B44 Birmingham and Fazeley Canal .B45 Black Country .B48 Black Hill .B49 Blackdown Hills .B493 Blackmoor [Moor] .B495 Blackmoor Vale .B5 Bleaklow Hill .B54 Blenheim Park .B6 Bodmin Moor .B64 Border Forest Park .B66 Bourne Valley .B68 Bowland, Forest of .B7 Breckland .B715 Bredon Hill .B717 Brendon Hills .B72 Bridgewater Canal .B723 Bridgwater Bay .B724 Bridlington Bay .B725 Bristol Channel .B73 Broads, The .B76 Brown Clee Hill .B8 Burnham Beeches .B84 Burntwick Island .C34 Cam, River .C37 Cannock Chase .C38 Canvey Island [Island] 1975 G5752 ENGLAND.