Chapter One: Understanding Criminology Introduction
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Office for Victims of Crime
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Office for Victims of Crime Office for Victims of Crime Report to the Nation 2001 Fiscal Years 1999 and 2000 U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 810 Seventh Street NW. Washington, DC 20531 John Ashcroft Attorney General Deborah J. Daniels Assistant Attorney General John W. Gillis Director, Office for Victims of Crime Office of Justice Programs World Wide Web Home Page www.ojp.usdoj.gov Office for Victims of Crime World Wide Web Home Page www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc For grant and funding information contact U.S. Department of Justice Response Center 1–800–421–6770 OVC Resource Center 1–800–627–6872 TTY: 1–877–712–9279 OVC Resource Center Home Page www.ncjrs.org NCJ 189205 The Office for Victims of Crime is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, and the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Victims of Crime Act of 1984, as amended: A Report to the President, the Congress, AND THE NATION Office for Victims of Crime Office of Justice Programs U.S. Department of Justice This report covers activities undertaken by the Office for Victims of Crime and its grantees with Crime Victims Fund revenues during Fiscal Years 1999–2000. Acknowledgments he Office for Victims of Crime gratefully acknowledges the work of Ashley Oliver Barrett, who analyzed data and numerous project T summaries to prepare the final draft of this Report to the Nation. -
Translation Studies
BACHELOR OF ARTS III YEAR ENGLISH LITERATURE PAPER – II: TRANSLATION STUDIES BHARATHIAR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION COIMBATORE – 641 046. ADDENDUM B.A. English Literature – III year Study material of Paper II – TRANSLATION STUDES SL. No. Page No. Corrections Carried Over 1 -- Add the subject “Application of Translation in Tirukkural and the Odyssey” in Unit – V of the syllabus. 2. -- Add reference (16) Sri V.V.S. Aiyar. 2005. Tirukkural: English Translation. Sri Ramakrishna Tapovanam, (17) Homer – Allen Mandelbaum – Roman Maria Luisa – De. 1990. The Odyssey of Homer: a new verse translation. University of California Press. 3. 132 Add in Lesson – V – Place of Style in Translation under Unit-V. (f) Application of Translation in Tirukkural and the Odyssey. 4. 158 Add the title under Unit-V Annexure –I (i) Tirukkural (ii) The Odyssey Paper – II: TRANSLATION STUDIES Syllabus Objectives: The course is intended to initiate the student to the translation discipline, its chronological history and provide a better understanding of the different types of translations as well as its various theories and applications. It further aims to equip the student with a proper knowledge of the aspects of creative literature, the function of Mass media in society and the various issues involved in translation. Unit – I: History of Translation Nature of translation studies – The Function of language – Structuralist Theory and Application – Translation through the ages – Dryden’s classification of translation models. Unit – II: Theories of Translation Types of translation – Translation theories: Ancient and Modern – Nida’s three base models of translation – (Nida’s model Cont...)Transfer and Restructuring – Linguistics of translation. -
Prison Abolition and Grounded Justice
Georgetown University Law Center Scholarship @ GEORGETOWN LAW 2015 Prison Abolition and Grounded Justice Allegra M. McLeod Georgetown University Law Center, [email protected] This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/1490 http://ssrn.com/abstract=2625217 62 UCLA L. Rev. 1156-1239 (2015) This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminal Procedure Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons Prison Abolition and Grounded Justice Allegra M. McLeod EVIEW R ABSTRACT This Article introduces to legal scholarship the first sustained discussion of prison LA LAW LA LAW C abolition and what I will call a “prison abolitionist ethic.” Prisons and punitive policing U produce tremendous brutality, violence, racial stratification, ideological rigidity, despair, and waste. Meanwhile, incarceration and prison-backed policing neither redress nor repair the very sorts of harms they are supposed to address—interpersonal violence, addiction, mental illness, and sexual abuse, among others. Yet despite persistent and increasing recognition of the deep problems that attend U.S. incarceration and prison- backed policing, criminal law scholarship has largely failed to consider how the goals of criminal law—principally deterrence, incapacitation, rehabilitation, and retributive justice—might be pursued by means entirely apart from criminal law enforcement. Abandoning prison-backed punishment and punitive policing remains generally unfathomable. This Article argues that the general reluctance to engage seriously an abolitionist framework represents a failure of moral, legal, and political imagination. -
ESP-History-Overview.Pdf
EASTERN STATE PENITENTIARY A N A TIONAL HIST ORIC LANDMARK 1. History of Eastern State Penitentiary, Philadelphia In the ambitious age of reform following the American Revolution, the new nation aspired to change profoundly its public institutions, and to set an example for the world in social development. Every type of institution that we are familiar with today—educational, medical and governmental—was revolutionized in these years by the rational and humanistic principles of the Enlightenment. Of all of the radical innovations born in this era, American democracy was, of course, the most influ- ential. The second major intellectual export was prison design and reform. Most eighteenth century prisons were simply large holding pens. Groups of adults and children, men and women, and petty thieves and murderers, sorted out their own affairs behind locked doors. Physical punishment and mutilation were common, and abuse of the prisoners by the guards and overseers was assumed. In 1787, a group of well-known and powerful Philadelphians convened in the home of Benjamin Franklin. The members of The Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons expressed growing concern with the conditions in American and European prisons. Dr. Benjamin Rush spoke on the Society’s goal, to see the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania set the international standard in prison design. He proposed a radical idea: to build a true penitentiary, a prison designed to create genuine regret and penitence in the criminal’s heart. The concept grew from Enlightenment thinking, but no government had successfully carried out such a program. It took the Society more than thirty years to convince the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania to build the kind of prison it suggested: a revolutionary new building on farmland outside Philadelphia. -
“Daoism and Confucianism” In: Liu X. (Eds) Dao Companion to Daoist Philosophy
Lai Karyn. (2015) “Daoism and Confucianism” In: Liu X. (eds) Dao Companion to Daoist Philosophy. Dao Companions to Chinese Philosophy, vol 6. Springer, Dordrecht, pp. 489-511. This is the post-print version. The definitive version is to be found at: https://link-springer- com.wwwproxy1.library.unsw.edu.au/chapter/10.1007/978-90- 481-2927-0_21 This chapter relies on a distinction between Confucianism and Daoism made during the Han dynasty (漢朝: 206 BCE–220 CE) and further perpetuated in Chinese intellectual history. It examines the connections between pre-Qin (秦朝: 221– 206 BCE) Daoist and Confucian philosophies, focusing on their differences as well as similarities. While it has been traditionally accepted that there are many tensions, and even antagonism, between concepts and approaches in Daoist and Confucian thought, the discussion here also focuses on the historical linkages and philosophical continuities that at times blur the distinction between the two. The primary comparison here will be conducted at three levels: the individual within its environment, the socio-political world, and the cultivation of the self. These three levels of analysis are organized in three sections, from the more inclusive to the more specific. However, the sections are only theoretical divisions, since both Daoist and Confucian philosophies emphasize a concept of selfhood that focuses on an individual’s relationships with others, within a larger natural and cosmic environment. To more fully understand these comparisons, it is important also to examine the intellectual climate within which interactions between so- called Daoism and Confucianism took place. These details, including information gleaned from relatively recently discovered texts, are not merely tangential to our understanding of both philosophies. -
Sentencing Overview and Criminal Justice Reform Issues 3 Kansas Legislative Research Department 2020 Briefing Book
Kansas Legislator Briefing Book 2020 H-1 Judiciary, Corrections, and Juvenile Adoption of Minors: Statutory Overview Justice H-8 Sentencing Overview and Criminal Justice H-2 Child Custody and Reform Issues Visitation Procedures The Kansas Sentencing Guidelines Act (KSGA) became effective H-3 July 1, 1993. Two grids containing the sentencing range for drug Civil Asset Forfeiture crimes and nondrug crimes were developed for use as a tool in sentencing. (Note: The source for the attached sentencing range H-4 grids for drug offenses and nondrug offenses is the Kansas Sentencing Commission Guidelines, Desk Reference Manual, Death Penalty in 2019. These sentencing grids are provided at the end of this article.) Kansas The sentencing guidelines grids provide practitioners with an H-5 overview of presumptive felony sentences. Juvenile Services The determination of a felony sentence is based on two factors: the H-6 current crime of conviction and the offender’s prior criminal history. Kansas Prison The sentence contained in the grid box at the juncture of the Population, Capacity, severity level of the crime of conviction and the offender’s criminal and Related Facility history category is the presumed sentence. [See KSA 21-6804(c).] Issues Off-Grid Crimes H-7 Mental Health and The crimes of capital murder (KSA 2018 Supp. 21-5401), murder the Criminal Justice in the first degree (KSA 2018 Supp. 21-5402), terrorism (KSA 2018 System Supp. 21-5421), illegal use of weapons of mass destruction (KSA 2018 Supp. 21-5422), and treason (KSA 2018 Supp. 21-5901) are H-8 designated as off-grid person crimes. -
Manual for the Development of a System of Criminal Justice Statistics
ST/ESA/STAT/SER.F/89 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Statistics Division Studies in Methods Series F No. 89 Manual for the Development of A System of Criminal Justice Statistics United Nations New York, 2003 NOTE The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The term “country” as used in the text and tables of this publication also refers, as appropriate, to territories or areas. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document. ST/ESA/STAT/SER. F/89 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No: E.03.XVII.6 ISBN 92-1-161458-9 Copyright © United Nations 2003 All rights reserved PREFACE In the mid-1980’s the United Nations Statistics The present Manual has been prepared in Division, acting on the guidance of the General response to the Economic and Social Council Assembly and United Nations Congresses on the (ECOSOC) resolution 1997/27 of 21 July 1997, entitled Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders, “Strengthening the United Nations Crime Prevention published the first edition of the Manual for the and Criminal Justice Programme with regard to the Development of Criminal Justice Statistics.1 That development of crime statistics and the operations of Manual presented a general framework for developing criminal justice system”. -
Prisoners of Solitude: Bringing History to Bear on Prison Health Policy Margaret Charleroy and Hilary Marland
Prisoners of Solitude: Bringing History to Bear on Prison Health Policy Margaret Charleroy and Hilary Marland Season two of the popular prison drama Orange is the New Black opens in a small concrete cell, no larger than a parking space. The cell is windowless and sparsely furnished; it holds a toilet, a sink and a limp bed. The only distinguishing feature we see is a mural of smeared egg, made by the cell's resident, the show's protagonist Piper Chapman. When a correctional officer arrives at this solitary confinement cell, he wakes her, and mocks her egg fresco. “This is art,” she insists. “This is a yellow warbler drinking out of a daffodil.” Her rambling suggests the confusion and disorientation associated with inmates in solitary confinement, who often become dazed after only a few days in isolation. As the scene continues, we see Piper exhibit further symptoms associated with both short- and long-term solitary confinement—memory loss, inability to reason, mood swings, anxiety—all indicating mental deterioration and impaired mental health. In this and other episodes, we begin to see solitary confinement as the greatest villain in the show, more villainous than any character a writer could create. The new and growing trend of television prison dramas like Orange is the New Black brings the issue of solitary confinement, along with other issues related to incarceration, to a more general audience, exposing very real problems in the failing contemporary prison system, not just in America, but worldwide. The show's success leads us to ask how history, alongside fictional dramas and contemporary case reports, can draw attention to the issue of solitary confinement. -
TNJN - Drugs, Prostitution and Gambling Could Help Save the Economy 11/18/12 4:52 PM
TNJN - Drugs, prostitution and gambling could help save the economy 11/18/12 4:52 PM The news website of the School of Journalism and Electronic Media | University of Tennessee, Knoxville BREAKING NEWS > Derek Dooley fired as Vols head coach Home | News | Sports | Sci/Tech | Arts and Culture | Entertainment | Politics HOME >> OPINION >> DRUGS, PROSTITUTION AND GAMBLING COULD HELP SAVE THE ECONOMY RECENT HEADLINES Drugs, prostitution and gambling could help save the SPORTS Hart discusses Dooley's economy dismissal, timeframe for new Share hire Print this story SPORTS Students react to the Dooley Email this story firing, reflect on change to 9 Comments come 0 Tweet SCITECH Share 0 Free monthly telescope observations on "The Roof" Send Like 3 SPORTS Derek Dooley fired as Vols Related Links head coach "Ain't Nobody's Business If NEWS You Do" : Read this free online book Professor lectures on about consensual crimes and how they photojournalism history, future harm America. SPORTS Bureau of Justice Statistics : Vols leading Tennessee This is a comprehensive collection on Invitational after Friday prison statistics and spending in the U.S. SPORTS Office of National Drug Lady Vols lead in the Tennessee Invitational Control Policy : Read detailed surveys of Americain drug use and SPORTS spending. Warlick, Lady Vols hit road looking for win against Hurricanes Common UT Consensual SPORTS Week 12 SEC Preview TNJN/Weingartner, Daniel Crimes Jaywalking is one of the most common and least enforced consensual crimes. SPORTS Jaywalking NCAA levies additional By Daniel Weingartner Not wearing a seat belt or sanctions to UT football published: November 16 2008 06:19 PM updated:: November 25 2008 10:15 AM helmet program Consumption of alcohol on America is a land of freedom, or that's what they tell kids in school. -
Law Enforcement Intelligence: a Guide for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement Agencies Second Edition
U. S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services Law Enforcement Intelligence: A Guide for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement Agencies Second Edition David L. Carter, Ph.D. School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University Law Enforcement Intelligence: A Guide for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement Agencies Second Edition David L. Carter, Ph.D. School of Criminal Justice, Michigan State University This project was supported by Cooperative Agreement #2007-CK-WX-K015 by the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. Points of view or opinions contained in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice or Michigan State University. References to specific agencies, companies, products, or services should not be considered an endorsement by the author or the U.S. Department of Justice. Rather, the references are illustrations to supplement discussion of the issues. Letter from the COPS Office January 2009 Dear Colleague: This second edition of Law Enforcement Intelligence: A Guide for State, Local, and Tribal Law Enforcement captures the vast changes that have occurred in the 4 years since the first edition of the guide was published in 2004 after the watershed events of September 11, 2001. At that time, there was no Department of Homeland Security, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, Information-Sharing Environment, or Fusion Centers. Since the advent of these new agencies to help fight the war on terror, emphasis has been placed on cooperation and on sharing information among local, state, tribal, and federal agencies. -
A Theological Meditation on Augustine's De Trinitate and Laozi's Dao De Jing
In Search of Transcendent Order in A Violent World: A Theological Meditation on Augustine's de Trinitate and Laozi's Dao De Jing Author: Chan Hiutung Persistent link: http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1989 This work is posted on eScholarship@BC, Boston College University Libraries. Boston College Electronic Thesis or Dissertation, 2009 Copyright is held by the author, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise noted. Boston College The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences Department of Theology IN SEARCH OF TRANSCENDENT ORDER IN THE VIOLENT WORLD: A THEOLOGICAL MEDITATION OF LAOZI’S DAODE JING AND AUGUSTINE’S DE TRINITATE a dissertation by Hiutung Chan Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy December 2008 1 © copyright by HIUTUNG CHAN 2008 2 IN SEARCH OF TRANSCENDENT ORDER IN A VIOLENT WORLD: A THEOLOGICAL MEDITATION OF LAOZI’S DAODE JING AND AUGUSTINE’S DE TRINITATE Abstract by Hiutung Chan This dissertation is a comparative study of spiritual cultivation in Early Daoism and the spiritual teaching of Augustine’s Christianity. My goal is to examine how early Daoism’s founder, Laozi, and the Christian bishop, Augustine of Hippo, characterize the fulfillment of humanity through religious transformation. My argument is that the metaphysical speculations that figure in their works---and which scholarly readers often emphasize---are offshoots of profound practical, soteriological concerns. These soteriological concerns reveal that the primary interest for both writers was to discover those spiritual and intellectual practices that could most effectively mediate between human experience and the manifestation of transcendent order. This study takes its inspiration from pioneering instances of comparative theology (particularly works by Francis Clooney S.J. -
List of Entries
List of Entries 1%ers 1 Associations 100 ABM 1 Auto Theft 100 Accomplice Crime 1 Automated 100 Actualizing Risk-Need-Responsivity 1 Automated and Manual Forensic Adaptation 12 Examinations 100 Administrative Criminology 12 Babies Behind Bars 109 Admissibility 12 Bayesian Learning 116 Adolescence-Limited Offending 12 Bayesian Updating and Crime 116 Adolescent Contexts 12 BCS 125 Affordable Care Act 12 Behavioral Health Courts 125 Age-Crime Curve 12 Behavioral Investigative Advice 125 Agent-Based Assessments of Criminological Behavioral Learning 134 Theory 19 Behavioral Linkage Analysis 134 Agent-Based Modeling for Understanding Behavioral Management in Probation 134 Patterns of Crime 32 Behavioral Science Evidence in Criminal Agent-Based Modelling 41 Trials 145 Agent-Based Models to Predict Crime at Bias Crime 154 Places 41 Bias in Forensic Science 154 Aging Correctional Populations 48 Bias/Hate Motivated Crime 154 Aging Prison Population: Factors to Biased Policing 154 Consider 60 Bicycle Theft 162 AIDS 67 Biker Clubs/Gangs 170 Alcohol Dependence 67 Biological Geographical Profiling 171 Alternative Courts 67 Biometrics 179 Alternatives to Pre-trial Detention 68 Biometrics and Border Control Policing 179 American Dream 75 Boot Camps 188 AML 75 Border Control 188 Analytical Criminology 75 Brain 188 Anomie 75 Breakdown 188 Anomie and Crime 76 Break-In 188 Anomie Theory (Strain Theory) 86 Breaking and Entering 188 Antisocial Personality Disorder 86 Bribery 188 Antisocial Potential 86 British Crime Firms 188 Anxieties About Crime 86 British Crime Survey 194 Applied Geographical Profiling 86 British Police 203 Arms Races 100 Broken Windows Thesis 213 G. Bruinsma, D. Weisburd (eds.), Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 5599 DOI 10.