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Manual De Pràctiques De Protecció De Cultius Manual de pràctiques de protecció de cultius Tatiana Pina Desfilis Mónica A. Hurtado Ruiz Josep A. Jacas Miret GRAU EN ENGINYERIA AGROALIMENTÀRIA I DEL MEDI RURAL Codi d’assignatura AG1018 Tatiana Pina / Mónica A. Hurtado / Josep A. Jacas - ISBN: 978-84-693-5407-0 Manual de pràctiques de protecció de cultius - UJI- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/Sapientia42 Edita: Publicacions de la Universitat Jaume I. Servei de Comunicació i Publicacions Campus del Riu Sec. Edifici Rectorat i Serveis Centrals. 12071 Castelló de la Plana http://www.tenda.uji.es e-mail: [email protected] Col·lecció Sapientia, 42 www.sapientia.uji.es Primera edició, 2012 ISBN: 978-84-693-5407-0 Publicacions de la Universitat Jaume I és una editorial membre de l’UNE, cosa que en garanteix la difusió de les obres en els àmbits nacional i inter- nacional. www.une.es Aquest text està subjecte a una llicència Reconeixement-NoComercial-CompartirIgual de Creative Commons, que permet copiar, distribuir i comunicar públicament l’obra sempre que especifique l’autor i el nom de la publicació i sense objectius comercials, i també permet crear obres derivades, sempre que siguen distribuïdes amb aquesta mateixa llicència. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/es/deed.ca Tatiana Pina / Mónica A. Hurtado / Josep A. Jacas - ISBN: 978-84-693-5407-0 Manual de pràctiques de protecció de cultius - UJI- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/Sapientia42 ÍNDEX PRÀCTICA 1 Observació i identificació dels ordres d’insectes d’importància agronòmica . 8 1. Antecedents . 8 1.1. Els artròpodes i els insectes . 8 1.2. La sistemàtica . 8 1.3. Els caràcters taxonòmics . 13 1.4. Els artròpodes . 13 1.5. La classificació dels insectes . 16 1.6. Característiques principals dels ordres d’insectes . 18 1.6.1. Ordre Microcoryphia i Ordre Zygentoma . 18 1.6.2. Ordre Ephemeroptera . 19 1.6.3. Ordre Odonata . 20 1.6.4. Ordre Orthoptera . 20 1.6.5. Ordre Grylloblattodea . 21 1.6.6. Ordre Dermaptera . 21 1.6.7. Ordre Plecoptera . 22 1.6.8. Ordre Embioptera . 22 1.6.9. Ordre Dictyoptera . 23 1.6.10. Ordre Isoptera . 24 1.6.11. Ordre Phasmida . 24 1.6.12. Ordre Mantophasmatodea . 25 1.6.13. Ordre Zoraptera . 25 1.6.14. Ordre Psocoptera . 26 1.6.15. Ordre Phthiraptera . 26 1.6.16. Ordre Hemiptera . 27 1.6.17. Ordre Thysanoptera . 28 1.6.18. Ordre Mecoptera . 28 1.6.19. Ordre Lepidoptera . 29 1.6.20. Ordre Trichoptera . 29 1.6.21. Ordre Diptera . 30 1.6.22. Ordre Siphonaptera . 31 1.6.23. Ordre Neuroptera . 31 1.6.24. Ordre Megaloptera . 31 1.6.25. Ordre Raphidioptera . 32 1.6.26. Ordre Coleoptera . 32 1.6.27. Ordre Strepsiptera . 33 1.6.28. Ordre Hymenoptera . 34 Tatiana Pina / Mónica A. Hurtado / Josep A. Jacas - ISBN: 978-84-693-5407-03 Manual de pràctiques de protecció de cultius - UJI- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/Sapientia42 1.7. Breus nocions morfològiques . 35 1.8. Clau dels ordres d’insectes . 39 2. Objectius de la pràctica . 47 3. Desenvolupament de la pràctica . 48 3.1. Material . 48 3.2. Metodologia . 48 PRÀCTICA 2 Observació i identificació de les famílies de coleòpters d’importància agronòmica . 49 1. Antecedents . 49 1.1. Generalitats de l’ ordre Coleoptera . 49 1.2. Classificaciódels coleòpters . 51 1.3. Característiques de les principals famílies d’interès agronòmic . 52 1.3.1. Subordre Adephaga . 52 1.3.2. Subordre Polyphaga . 53 1.4. Breus nocions morfològiques dels coleòpters . 60 1.5. Clau simplificada de les principals superfamílies de coleòpters d’interès agronòmic . 63 1.6. Clau simplificada de les principals famílies de coleòpters d’interès agronòmic . 66 2. Objectius de la pràctica . 70 3. Desenvolupament de la pràctica . 70 3.1. Material . 70 3.2. Metodologia . 70 PRÀCTICA 3 Observació i identificació dels ordres i subordres d’àcars d’importància agronòmica . 72 1. Antecedents . 72 1.1. Generalitats dels àcars . 72 1.2. Classificació dels àcars . 75 1.3. Característiques de les principals famílies d’interès agroforestal . 77 1.3.1. Ordre Acariformes (Actinotrichida) . 77 Subordre Acaridida . 77 Subordre Actinedida . 79 Subordre Oribatida . 85 1.3.2. Ordre Parasitiformes (Anactinotrichida) . 86 Subordre Gamasida . 86 1.4. Clau simplificada dels principals ordres i superordres d’àcars . 89 1.5. Vocabulari . 90 2. Objectius de la pràctica . 91 3. Desenvolupament de la pràctica . 92 3.1. Material . 92 3.2. Metodologia . 92 Tatiana Pina / Mónica A. Hurtado / Josep A. Jacas - ISBN: 978-84-693-5407-04 Manual de pràctiques de protecció de cultius - UJI- DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/Sapientia42 PRÀCTICA 4 Observació i identificació d’alguns fongs d’importància agronòmica. 93 1. Antecedents . 93 1.1. Els fongs . 93 1.2. Els fongs fitopatògens . 94 1.3. Signes i símptomes . 97 1.4. Diagnòstic. La càmera humida . 98 1.5. Característiques de les principals divisions . 98 1.5.1. Divisió Oomycota: els míldius . 98 1.5.2. Divisió Basidiomycota: els rovells i els carbons . 100 Els rovells . 100 Els carbons . 103 1.5.3. Divisió Ascomycota: els oïdis i la fumagina . 105 Els oïdis . 105 La fumagina . ..
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