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106Th Annual Meeting of the German Zoological Society Abstracts September 13–16, 2013 106th Annual Meeting of the German Zoological Society Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, 80539 Munich, Germany Abstracts ISBN 978-3-00-043583-6 1 munich Information Content Local Organizers: Abstracts Prof. Dr. Benedikt Grothe, LMU Munich Satellite Symposium I – Neuroethology .......................................... 4 Prof. Dr. Oliver Behrend, MCN-LMU Munich Satellite Symposium II – Perspectives in Animal Physiology .... 33 Satellite Symposium III – 3D EM .......................................................... 59 Conference Office Behavioral Biology ................................................................................... 83 event lab. GmbH Dufourstraße 15 Developmental Biology ......................................................................... 135 D-04107 Leipzig Ecology ......................................................................................................... 148 Germany Evolutionary Biology ............................................................................... 174 www.eventlab.org Morphology................................................................................................ 223 Neurobiology ............................................................................................. 272 Physiology ................................................................................................... 376 ISBN 978-3-00-043583-6 Zoological Systematics ........................................................................... 416 © Deutsche Zoologische Gesellschaft e.V., Corneliusstr. 12, 80469 München Authorindex ............................................................................................... 453 2 3 OP-SS I-1 OP-SS I-2 NEURAL CORRELATES FOR VOLITIONAL VOCAL BEHAVIOR Neural representation of echo-acoustic flow fields in bats IN MONKEYS U. Firzlaff1, S. Bartenstein1 S. Hage1, A. Nieder1 1TU Munich, Chair of Zoology, Freising, Germany 1Universität Tübingen, Animal Physiology, Tübingen, Germany Echolocating bats, flying in darkness through complex It is a matter of debate for decades, whether nonhuman primates environments, are very likely to exploit echo-acoustic flow-field can decouple their innate vocalizations from accompanied levels information for navigation. The neural representation of the flow of arousal or specific events in the environment to achieve fields bats experience in flight is, however, largely unknown. Our cognitive control over their vocal utterances. On the one hand, experiments investigated this representation in the auditory cortex monkey vocalizations are assumed to be largely innate that can of the bat Phyllostomus discolor. be linked to different levels of arousal. On the other hand, several behavioral studies report that monkeys are able to control - at Naturalistic echo-acoustic flow-field sequences in virtual space least rudimentarily - vocal initiation and to “decide” which call type were presented binaurally via earphones to anesthetized bats. to utter. A major concern of most behavioral studies, however, is Flight trajectories were simulated for a bat emitting sonar calls that potential motivational effects that might affect vocal behavior at a constant rate and passing an obstacle with different lateral cannot be excluded. In our present studies, we demonstrate distances and flight speeds. cognitive control of call production in rhesus monkeys and suggest a neuronal correlate of volitional call initiation in the monkey ventro- Preliminary results showed that neurons in the dorsal auditory lateral prefrontal and premotor cortices. For this purposes, we first cortex of P. discolor specifically encode distinct positions along trained monkeys with operant conditioning techniques to vocalize the flight trajectory in their response rate. The echo-acoustic reliably in response to visual cues. During single-unit recordings, flow-field information was orderly represented on the cortical call-related neurons in the monkey homologue of human Broca’s surface but varied with the lateral distance of the simulated flight area - one of the key brain structures that allow to voluntarily produce trajectory: During object approach, the cortical representation of sophisticated speech signals in humans - predicted the preparation approximately the last two meters of the flight trajectory increased of subsequent cued vocalizations. Call-related neurons showed with decreasing lateral object distance. This effect was stronger significantly higher pre-vocal activity during cued vocalizations as when the flight trajectory was simulated for higher flight speeds. compared to spontaneous calls, suggesting a specific involvement The results suggest that echo acoustic flow-field information is of these prefrontal areas in the initiation of volitional vocalizations. topographically represented on the cortical surface in a behaviorally These findings suggest a cardinal role of this prefrontal area in meaningful manner. Depending on the lateral passing distance, vocal planning and call initiation, a putative cognitive precursor in the number of active cortical neurons increases during object nonhuman primates that may ultimately give rise to speech control approach, ensuring the bat to keep up a safety margin to avoid in linguistic humans. collisions. 4 5 OP-SS I-3 OP-SS I-4 Navigation via echo-acoustic mirror images NOCTURNAL ORIENTATION IN A DIURNAL BEETLE D. Genzel1, A. Warmbold1, S. Hoffmann2, U. Firzlaff2, L. Wiegrebe1 J. Smolka1, E. Baird1, M. J. Byrne2, B. el Jundi1, E. J. Warrant1, M. 1LMU Munich, Department Biology II, Planegg-Martinsried, Dacke2,1 Germany 1Lund University, Lund, Sweden 2TU Munich, Lehrstuhl für Zoology, Freising-Weihenstephan, 2Wits University, Johannisburg, Sweden Germany Nocturnal dung beetles remain the only insects shown to use As in vision acoustic signals can be reflected by a smooth surface the polarisation pattern around the moon and the Milky Way as creating an acoustic mirror image. Echolocating bats flying over orientation cues. Supposedly, their highly adapted visual systems smooth water bodies encounter echo-acoustic mirror images of - with larger lenses, wider and longer rhabdoms than their diurnal objects above the surface. The aim of this study was to investigate relatives and a tracheal tapetum - enable them to perform this whether bats can exploit these mirror images for navigation and difficult task. We show here that even a diurnal dung beetle without avoidance of obstacles. Bats (Phyllostomus discolor) were trained any specialisations for dim-light vision can use the moon, the lunar to fly through two tunnels, whose entrances and exits could be polarisation pattern and even the Milky Way to keep a straight blocked by objects (branches or cardboard fans). The tunnel floors course at night. We compared the orientation performance of were highly reflective, mimicking a water surface. Some bats the exclusively diurnal Scarabaeus lamarcki and the nocturnal S. indeed navigated with the help of echo-acoustic mirror images, satyrus when rolling their balls under the open sky on either (1) a but only when the cardboard fan was mirrored. Ensonification of moonlit night with the moon visible or shaded, (2) a moonless night a tunnel when its exit is blocked by the fan revealed conspicuous or (3) with an artificial light source. For each condition, beetles changes of the reflection pattern, with slightly increased target were placed into a circular 3m arena. Their outbound tracks were strength (2-6 dB) within a 3 ms range of reflections. With branches recorded, and their straightness evaluated by the track length. creating mirror images, increases of target strength were much less While the performance of the nocturnal beetles was equally good pronounced (only 1-2 dB). Electrophysiological recordings showed under control, moonlit and starlit conditions, the paths of the diurnal that the delay-tuning of some neurons in the auditory cortex varied animals were on average about 50% longer (i.e. more curved) when an additional reflecting surface from below was presented. when the moon was absent. However, the majority of the beetles It is conceivable that these neuronal dynamics help to encode an - diurnal and nocturnal - were clearly able to use the stars as an echo-acoustic situation where a reflecting surface mirrors an object orientation cue. In the laboratory, both species were tested to allowing a safer navigation. Thus, the obtained data provide insight determine the minimum intensity of a point light source necessary into how echo-acoustic mirror images may facilitate navigation in for orientation. Under these conditions, as under a moonlit sky, flight. we found no difference in orientation performance between diurnal and nocturnal beetles. We will discuss the implications for our interpretation of visual adaptations to nocturnality, and of the potential for nocturnal navigation in a large number of insect species. 6 7 OP-SS I-5 OP-SS I-6 Gait parameters at different walking speeds in the desert ant, Transfer of optic flow information between the eyes and Cataglyphis fortis between odometers H. Wolf 1, V. Wahl1, M. Wittlinger1 in the desert ant Cataglyphis bicolor 1University of Ulm , Institute for Neurobiology, Ulm, Germany M. Wittlinger1, K. Schwannauer1, S. Pfeffer1 1University of Ulm, Institute of Neurobiology, Ulm, Germany Path integration is a form of dead reckoning and thus inherently error-prone. It is nonetheless a common navigation strategy in Cataglyphis
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