Study: Energy Efficiency and Biomass Potentall Analysis

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STUDY

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND BIOMASS POTENTIAL ANALYSIS

PURCHASER: UNDP - SRBIJA

OBJECT: PUBLIC BUILDINGS INVESTOR:

LOCATION: Municipality: Ţagubica

DOCUMENT: STUDY

RECORD NO.: SI - 07 / 2012

DATE: 15.11.2012.

PLACE: NOVI SAD

PERPETRATOR:

Authority agrees RESPONSIBLE

DESIGNER: Bratislav Milenković, B. Sc. Mech. Eng. S.P:

PROJECT

MANAGER: Ph.D. Todor Janić

Kaće Dejanović 52 21000 Novi Sad Srbija Mob: +381-64-160-99-96 Tel: +381-21-496-320 Fax: +381-21-496-320 E-mail: [email protected]

The contracting authority of study: UNDP – Srbija, Internacionalnih Brigada 69, Beograd

Title of the study: ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND BIOMASS POTENTIAL ANALYSIS

Authors of the study:  Todor Janić, Ph.D.

 Bratislav Milenković, B. Sc. Mech. Eng.  Miladin Brkić, Ph.D.  Zoran Janjatović, B. Sc. Agro Ecc.  Darijan Pavlović, M. Sc. Agro Eng.  Jelena Vurdelja, B. Sc. Agro Eng.

 Ivan Tot, B. Sc. Agro Eng.

CONTENTS

REVIEW OF TABLES 3

REVIW OF FIGURES 5 TASK 1 – Analysis of the available biomass energy resources in Municipality of Ţagubica 7 1.1. Analysis of available biomass resources in the municipality of Ţagubica and quantitative aspects of thermal energy that can be used for energy purposes 7

1.2. Type, form and price of available biomass as an energy source 13 TASK 2 –Analysis of thermal energy required in selected facilities for public use 24 2.1. The choice of public facilities in Ţagubica municipality that will be heated using biomass 24 2.2 Technical features of the heating system with heat loss analysis overview for selected public facilities in Ţagubica municipality 27 2.3. Analysis of the measures for the increase of energy efficiency in buildings for public use 36 2.3.1. Energy consumption in elementary school „Moša Pijade” in Ţagubica and proposals for practical measures for the increase of energy efficiency of facilities 36 TASK 3 – Techno-economic analysis for thermal facility which uses biomass as a fuel, for heating chosen buildings 42

3.1. Technology of available biomass form combustion 42 3.2. Selection of combustion technologies and technical solutions for the thermal power plants and defining the maximum boiler plant thermal power for continuous heating of public buildings 42

3.2.1. General requirements for the construction of the boiler facility 43 3.3. Defining the optimal place for the construction of thermal power plants (with thetechnical, economic and environmental aspects) 44 3.4. Technical description of the biomass fueled boiler facility (thermal technical equipment, boiler room and heating lines) with pre-measurement and estimate in the Ţagubica – location and the expected energy and ecological efficiency 44 3.4.1. Expected energy efficiency and ecological efficiency for biomass combustion in boiler facilities 47

3.4.5. Marginal values of gas emission for specific types of furnaces 50 3.5 Necessary amount of biomass for hourly and seasonal work of the boiler facility 51

3.5.1. Hourly consumption of biomass 51 3.5.2. Seasonal consumption of biomass 51 3.6. Economic analyses of construction the heating facility 53 3.6.1. Current price of the heating energy from the used components 53

3.6.2. Financial effectiveness with the profitability analyses 54 3.6.2.2. Finansijski i ekonomski tok projekta 57 3.7. Conclusions 68 3.8. Literature 72 4. APPENDIX 76

REVIEW OF TABLES

Table 1. Overview of biomass obtained from cereal and industrial crop production in Ţagubica municipality (Municipalities and regions of the Republic of Serbia (2011)) Table 2. Overview of biomass obtained from orchards and vineyards in Ţagubica municipality Table 3. Energy potential from manure in Ţagubica municipality Table 4. Biomass production in forestry and timber industry (m3) Table 5. Communal waste availability in Ţagubica municipality Table 6. Biomass type, amounts available, usage percent, equivalent amounts of liquid fuel and savings amount. Table 7. Prices of different forms of biomass bales Table 8. Price of briquettes from agricultural biomass 400 gr/com. Table 9. Price of pellets from agricultural biomass 20 gr/com. Table 10. Chips from waste wood from the forest and cut fire wood second class Table 11. The pellets from waste wood from the forest and cut fire wood second class - 20 gr/com.

Table 12. List of companies engaged in the production and distribution of pellets Table 13. Transport costs of pellets from producer to municipalities Ţagubica Table 14. Overview of the heat losses in the the school building Table 15. Overview of the heat losses in the the kitchen building Table 16. Total heat losses for complex of buildings in elementary school „Moše Pijade“ in Ţagubica Table 17. Energy consumption reduced to kWh Table 18. Overview of wintertime fuel consumption of the existing boiler and the savings that can be achieved by applying technical - organizational measures to increase efficiency Table 19. Building costs of thermal energy faciliy for the heating of public buildings in ţagubica Table 20. Possible harmful effects of certain elements and corrective technologicalmeasures Table 21. Maximum allowed levels (MAL) of smoke gases in air for work and living environment (SRPS Z.BO 001)

Table 22. Borderline emission values (BEV) for small solid fuel combustion facilites (Regulation, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 71/2010) Table 23. Marginal values of emissions(MVE) for small facilities for the combustion of gas fuel (Regulation, “Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia”, no 71/2010) Table 24. Marginal values of emissions (MVI) of gases, soot, suspended particles and heavy metals, sediment andaero-sediment content, (Rulebook, “Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia”, no 54/92, 30/99 and 19/2006) Table 25. Analyses of the quantity and prices of heating energy for the period 2011/2012 Table 26. Structure of the total investment Table 27. Cost projection of 1kWh of required energy Table 28. Income statement - current operations

Table 29. Projected income statement - first year of operations Table 30. Projected income statement 2012 - 2016. year Table 31. Depreciation calculation Table 32. Financial cash-flow Table 33. Loan repayment plan Table 34. Economic flow of the project Table 35. Time of return of investments Table 36. Internal rate of return calculation Table 37. Relative net present value calculation

Table 38. Profitability break even point Table 39. Dynamic sensitivity analyses Table 40. Potential risk analyses Table 41. Anylizes of the cost savings vs. new investments

REVIW OF FIGURES

Figure 1. The position of the municipality Ţagubica compared with other municipalities in Braničevo district Figure 2. Structure of savings that can be achieved by using biomass in Ţagubica municipality Figure 3. Ţagubica City Hall Figure 4. High school of technical sciences in Ţagubica

Figure 5. Elementary school „Moše Pijade“ in Ţagubica Figure 6. “Moše Pijade” Elementary School kitchen in Ţagubica Figure 7. Floor on the ground Figure 8. Outer wall Figure 9. Inner wall – type 1 Figure 10. Inner wall – type 2 Figure 11. The ceiling of the ground floor of the school Figure 12. Roof on the school

Figure 13. Roof above the sports room Figure 14. Roof - upgrade Figure 15. Structural floor to halls Figure 16. Structural floor to upgrade Figure 17. Wooden windows on the school Figure 18. Overview of the main entrance door Figure 19. Boilers „Radijator“ Zrenjanin, type NEO VULKAN Figure 20. Appearance of boilers

Figure 21. Pumps made by „IMP LJUBLJANA“, type GHR 801 Figure 22. Pump made by „IMP LJUBLJANA“, type GHR 803 Figure 23. View of the damaged pipe insulation in the boiler room Figure 24. Radiator „Simfonija“, type 500/210

Figure 25. Radiator „Termik-2“, type 800/160 Figure 26. Distribution of pipeline systems in the northern wing of the school Figure 27. Structural floor on the kitchen

Figure 28. Overview of the windows and roof on the kitchen building Figure 29. Appropriateness of tehnological and tehnical solutions for biomass combustion Figure 30. Jumbo bags Figure 31. Truck with crane

TASK 1 – Analysis of the available biomass energy resources in Municipality of Žagubica

In this section – Task 1, it was necessary to realize the research of the literature and field work and the results show in a separate section of the report. In Task 1 need to do a detailed analysis biomass resources and potential as follows:  Provide an estimation of potential amount (quantity) of biomass available from forest, wood industry, agriculture and food industry, which can be used for energy purposes and disaggregate per ownership type that do not have damaging consequences for the environment;  Provide an estimation of thermo-energy potentials of actual biomass potentials and energy crops (including environment impact aspects).  Define dynamics and form of collecting biomass;  Propose location and storage methods for collected biomass;  Provide range of options for biomass utilization for energy purposes;  Make a list of potential suppliers of biomass boiler installations in accordance with the continuity of biomass production (type and quantity of biomass that can be produced), included transportation costs and new environmental degradation.

1.1. Analysis of available biomass resources in the municipality of Žagubica and quantitative aspects of thermal energy that can be used for energy purposes

Ţagubica municipality is located in Eastern Serbia in southern parts of Braničevo district. Homolje and Ţagubica municipality represent a small geographical area in Eastern Serbia, clearly confined on all sides by mountain ranges. Homolje Mountains (940 m) separate it from Zviţd in the north, Beljanice range (1336 m) separates it from Resava in the south, Crni Vlah massif (1027 m) separates it from Crna Reka basin in the east and Gornjak Mountains (825 m) separate it from Lower Mlava plain river in the west. This represents a geomorphological entity, consisted of two parts: Ţagubica pit in the east and Krepoljinsko– Krupajska pit in the west.

The climate is humid continental with temperatures averaging at +7,9°C, the lowest being- 24°C and the highest +38°C. Annual precipitation amounts to 682 mm/year. According to the 2004 data, the municipality occupies 760 km² (36.773 ha of agricultural land and 37.874 ha of forests). The average area of agricultural land in private possession is 1 to 5 ha (high level of dissemination of the owned land). The center of the municipality is the city of Ţagubica, with 17 villages located around it: Bliznak, Breznica, Vukovac, Izvarica, Jošanica, Krepoljin, Krupaja, Laznica, Lipe, Medveđica, Milatovac, Osanica, Ribare, Selište, Sige i Suvi Do. Ţagubica city is located in the fertile Ţagubica pit, on the southern slopes of Homolje Mountains. The Mlava river spring is located on the outer rim of the town. According to 2011 census, 15.341 people live in 7.175 households in 17 populated places. The city of Ţagubica is the biggest populated place in the area, representing at the same timethe main administrative center with 3.126 people in 1.492 households. Industrial development in Homolje stareted in the early eighties. A decade before that, brown coal was being excavated near Krepoljin. On the Homolje territory, in Ţagubica municipality, main industrial leaders are„FOŢ” (steel molds), IGM „Mermer”, "Nova Osanica " (both privatized) and RMU Jasenovac Krepoljin.

Figure 1. The position of the municipality Ţagubica compared with other municipalities in Braničevo district Agriculture land and forests occupy 36.773 ha and 37.874 ha, respectively. Agricultural land in Ţagubica municipality is structured as follows: Arable land and gardens are spread on 11.008 ha (cereals on 7.000 ha, industrial crops on 59 ha, vegetable farming on 573 ha, fodder crops on 2.446 ha, orchards on 920 ha and vineyards on 10 ha), meadows over 16.256 ha and pastures over 9.509 ha.

Error! Reference source not found.offers an overview of the production of biomass from crops. Table 1. Overview of biomass obtained from cereal and industrial crop production in Ţagubica municipality (Municipalities and regions of the Republic of Serbia (2011))

Available Diesel to be Planted Average Biomass Calorific Fuel oil Crop energy per substituted area yield price value equivalent year per year (ha) (t/ha) (€/t) (MJ/t) (MJ) (t) (t) Corn 3.500 5,0 41,9 13.500 23.625.0000 4.852,37 4.752,00 Wheat 2.000 3,6 34,9 14.000 100.800.000 2.070,35 2.027,52 Barley 700 3,5 35,2 14.200 34.790.000 714,56 699,78 Oat 800 2,0 38,5 14.500 2.320.0000 476,51 466,65 TOTAL: 7.000 - - - 395.040.000 8.113,79 7.945,95

As shown in Table 1, out of 36.773 ha allocated for agricultural production in Ţagubica municipality, leading crops are grown on 7.000 ha. Leading crops are corn, wheat, barley and oat. Corn is planted on the majority of the land, 3.500 ha exactly, followed by wheat on 2.000 ha, barley on 700 ha and oat on 800 ha. It is estimated that 28.750 t of crop biomass could be obtained annually from this area. Average price of biomass is 39,01 €/t. Average calorific value of biomass is 13.740,5 kJ/kg. If all of the available biomass should be converted to energy, it would yield 395.040.000 MJ, with straw combustion energy efficiency coefficient of 0.80. Since diesel fuel has a calorific value of 41 MJ/kg and the liquid fuel combustion energy efficiency coefficient is 0.95, calculations show that this amount of biomass could substitute 8.113,79 t of diesel per year. In order to convert these values and express them in fuel oil obtained from biomass per year, a slightly higher calorific value of fuel must be used (41,866 MJ/kg). Thus, the amount of fuel oil obtained from biomass would be 7.945,95 t per year. If diesel fuel price is assumed to be 1,36€/l or 1,60 €/kg, we come to an annual figure of 12.982.064 €. Sure enough, not all of the available biomass would be used to produce heat energy, for several reasons: there is an obligation to put some biomass back to the ground through plowing and thus increase soil fertility, some of the biomass will be used for animal bedding, some of it for vegetable farming and other purposes. Furthermore, it is assumed that 15% of the biomass could be used for production of heat energy annually. This amounts to 4.312,5 t of biomass or 1.217,1 t of fuel oil per year. Converted to money, the energy savings per year amount up to 947.310 €. Table 2 offers an overview of biomass production in orchards and vineyards. Table 2. Overview of biomass obtained from orchards and vineyards in Ţagubica municipality

Biomass Available Diesel to be Fuel oil Fruit and Planted Number Biomass Calorific from energy per substituted equival grapevine area of trees price value pruning* year per year ent (ha) (units) (t) (€/t) (MJ/t) (MJ) (t) (t) Apple 200 157,200 577,3 35,50 15.300 8832950 181,42 177,67 Plum 700 406.200 2.574,9 35,50 15.800 40673821 835,41 818,13 Walnut 10 1.000 5,17 35,50 16.500 85264 1,75 1,72 Grapevine 10 24.000 16,45 32,80 14.000 230328 4,73 4,63

TOTAL: 920 582.000 3.173,2 - - 49.822.363 1.023,31 1.002,14 * In orchards, fruit to pruned biomass ratio is 1:0,325 * In vineyards, fruit to pruned biomass ratio is 1:0,457

Fruit and grapevine are grown in this municipality. Main cultures grown here are: apple, plum, walnut and grapevine. Total area under orchards and vineyards is 910ha and 10 ha, respectively. It is estimated that 3.173,2 t of biomass could be obtained by pruning orchards and vineyards per year (3,49t/ha). If an average calorific value of pruned biomass is assumed to be 15.674 kJ/kg and the firebox efficiency is 80%, 49.822.363 MJ of energy could be obtained. This amount of energy could substitute 1.023,3 of diesel fuel or 1.002,1 t of fuel oil. This means that savings achieved from using pruned biomass from orchards and vineyards would be around 1.637.280 € per year. Since it is impossible to collect all of the biomass, we can assume that at least 50% of the savings could be achieved, that is 818.640 € per year. Manure is a product of animal husbandry. It can be used for production of biogas as well as soil fertilization. In this region people raise cattle, swine, sheep and poultry. Livestock population in units is: 6.000 cattle units, 12.000 swine units, 11.000sheep units and 40.000 poultry units. These numbers translated to livestock units values amount to 7.966,7 in total. This number of livestock units can produce 3.899.416,7 Nm3 of biogas per year (489,5Nm3/livestock unit). If an average calorific value of biogas with 65% methane content is assumed to be 23,66MJ/nm3, that is 35,8 MJ/kg of gas,and with 98% firebox efficiency, 104.351.034 MJ of energy could be obtained. This amount of energy could substitute 2.025,22 t of diesel fuel or 1.983,3 t of fuel oil. Thus, this amount of biogas could save 3.240.352 € per year. Again, not all of the manure is available for biogas production, mainly because of direct soil fertilization, dissemination of farmers, problems with manure collecting, and so on. It is estimated that 25% of manure could be used for heat production. This would ensure 810.088 € of savings. Table 3 offers an overview of biomass production in animal husbandry. Table 3. Energy potential from manure in Ţagubica municipality

Diesel to Number Biogas Available Livestock Biogas Biomass be Fuel oil Livestock of available in energy per units per day price substituted equivalent livestock 365 days year per year (unit) (-) (Nm3/LU) (€/t) (Nm3) (MJ) (t) (t)

Cattle 6.000 5.000 1,2 7,2 2372500,0 56.133.350,0 1.232,20 1.206,7 Swine 12.000 2.000 1,3 9,5 1095000,0 25.907.700,0 568,71 556,9 Sheep 11.000 833,3 1,1 7,2 334583,3 7.916.241,7 173,77 170,2 Poultry 40.000 300 2 10,0 97333,3 2.302.906,7 50,55 49,5 TOTAL: 69.000 7.966,7 - - 3.899.416,7 92.260.198,3 2.025,22 1.983,3 Note: Calorific value ofbiogas with 65% methane content - hd=23,66 MJ/Nm3, that is 35,8 MJ/kg.

Ţagubica municipality has 37.874 ha of forests. Timber potentialis 9.260.850 m3, and volumetric lumber growth is around 5 m3/ha.

Average lumber volume is 850.000 m3 per year. The logging of forest wood can give technical and stacked wood, and the residue - waste which includes: stump with roots, thin branches to 7 cm in diameter, bark from logs and timber felling residues in order to obtain appropriate dimensions and shapes of commercial products, commonly used for energy. It is estimated that through cutting trees, cleaning the terrain, and wood treatment in timber industry a residue is about 40% of average volume of wood, wich generated total of 340.000 m3 per year. If this volume of wood is multiplied with bulk density value of 440 kg/m3, we can estimate that 149.600 t of residue is generated every year. Table 4 offers an overview of nationally and privately owned production areas and wood biomass availability. Calorific value of wood residue is 15,50 MJ/kg. Combining this data, we can conclude that the total energy value of wood residue available is 2.318.800.000 MJ, with 80% firebox efficiency. This amount of energy potentially substitutes 47.626,19 t of diesel fuel with 95% firebox efficiency, or 46.641,04 t of fuel oil equivalent. With this much residue a 76.201.904 € saving could be made yearly. If only 50% of said residue was used, the savings would amount to 38.100.952 € per year. Table 4. Biomass production in forestry and timber industry (m3)

Type of Average amount of Volumetric Forestry Total processing ownership Area wood yearly growth residues residues structure (ha) (m3) (m3/ha) (m3)* (m3)** State forests 14.300 150.000 4,5 90.000 60.000 Private forests 23.574 700.000 5,5 420.000 280.000 TOTAL: 37.874 850.000 4,0 510.000 340.000

*1m3 = 690-720 kg, ** 1 m3 = 375 kg residue on the terrain, 1 m3 = 650 kg from timber industry Table 5 offers an overview of communal waste availability in Ţagubica municipality. Table 5. Communal waste availability in Ţagubica municipality

Amount of Organic (biodegradable) Waste weight Organic waste share waste waste weight

(t) (kg/resident/day) (%) (t)

AVERAGE: 2.628 0,6 55 1.445,4

Table 5 shows that the total amount of biodegradable communal waste in Ţagubica municipality is 1.445,4 t per year. If we assume that the calorific value of this waste is 12 MJ/kg, we can calculate its total energy value. This value is 12.141.360MJ per year with 70% firebox efficiency. Since the calorific value of diesel fuel is 41 MJ/kg with combustion energy efficiency coefficient of 0,95, calculation show that 281,3 t of diesel fuel could be substituted yearly with this amount of waste. This is equal to 275,5 t of fuel oil. By incorporating the diesel fuel price of 1,6 €/kg in the equation, we conclude that waste could generate a 440.800 € saving. This biodegradable waste will not be used only to generate heat due to many reasons, but there is an estimation that every year 30% of waste may be used for this purpose.

This is 433,6 t of waste (84,39 t of fuel oil) per year. The savings generated this way would amount to 135.043,3 € per year (waste at a price of 5 €/t). Table 6 offers an overview of biomass type, amounts available, usage percent, equivalent amounts of liquid fuel and savings amount. To summarize, Table 6 shows that using agricultural and wood biomass as well as communal biodegradable waste may generate savings for Ţagubica municipality. These savings are: biomass from crops – 1.946.310 €; biomass from fruit and vine production – 818.640 €; biomass from animal husbandry – 810.088 €; biomass from forestry and wood industry – 38.100.952 €; biomass from communal biodegradable waste – 135.043 €; total of 41.811.033 € per year. Table 6. Biomass type, amounts available, usage percent, equivalent amounts of liquid fuel and savings amount.

Biomass Used Equivalent Usage Savings Biomass type amounts amounts amount of percent amount available of biomass liquid fuel (t/god) (%) (t/god) (toe/god) (€) Crop production 28.750,0 25 7.475,0 1.217,0 1.946.310 Fruit and vine production 3.173,2 50 1.084,1 511,7 818.640 Animal husbandry 66.880,5 25 20.777,5 1.012,6 810.088 Forestry and wood industry 149.600,0 50 20.446,9 23.813,1 38.100.952 Communal waste 1.445,4 30 433,6 84,39 135.043 TOTAL: 249.849,1 97.852,8 26.638,8 41.811.033

Structure of the savings that can be achieved in the municipality Ţagubica if using available biomass in these percentages is shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. Structure of savings that can be achieved by using biomass in Ţagubica municipality

Namely, a quarter or half of the total available biomass (depending of type of production) can generate energy value of 1.273.297.348 MJ, or 353.693,7 MWh. If a thermal facility would operate during 6 months of a year (4.390 hours), the facilities’ power would be 80,57 MW. We can safely assume that full capacity of the facility will not be used all the time during these 6 months, just when the temperatures are low. This shows that biomass consumption would be considerably below 50% of total available biomass. A conclusion could be made that Ţagubica municipality has enough biomass to power an 150 MW thermal facility during 6 months. The above data suggests that the municipality of Ţagubica can think of building thermal power plants over 40 MW. At this should be borne in mind that in this calculation does not take into account the firewood, as it is often considered a conventional fuel.

1.2. Type, form and price of available biomass as an energy source

According to data about available potentials of biomass and its structure, mentioned in chapter 1.1, we may conclude that the main quantity of biomass in Ţagubica municipality may be collected from agricultural and forest production. They have more than sufficient potentials for public facilities heating. Form of biomass that will burn in power plants was adopted with the aim to meet the different requirements. In this election there were several priority policies. The most important factors in determining the form of biomass that will burn were related to: - Available surface for construction of the boiler room and biomass storage that would ensure the properly work of a thermal power plant of a few days, - Fire load, - The amount of a destructive impact on the surrounding environment (emission of gaseous products of combustion, noise, vibration, distribution of biomass in its transportation and handling, etc..) - The possibility and cost of transport from the warehouse to the boiler, - The need to use extra funds to manipulate biomass The calculation of prices of different sorts and forms of biomass, which is used for making enough energy in these facilities, is formed according to expenses existing, from collecting biomass to its burning in the facilities.  Four different systems are analyzed here: - classic bales (small, conventional), weight: 10-12kg each, - roll bales, weight: 80-150kg each, - large prismatic bales, weight: 250-300kg each, - big square bales, weight: 500kg each;  Briquette, weight: 400g each,  Pellets of agricultural biomass, weight 20gr each;

 Chippings of the forests cutting and of the 2nd class fire wood, weight: 20 g each;  Pellets of the remains of the forests cutting and 2nd class fire wood, weight: 20g, each.

Analytical calculations of prices of agricultural biomass to the known cost categories are not shown, as is extensive. In order to implement this study as the initial parameters for biomass production rate calculations used extensively adopted data. It is assumed that the initial price of agricultural biomass in the amount of 0.55 din/kg, which is very doubtful, since there is no market of biomass and its value is in reality ranges from 0 to 1 din/kg. Determination of the purchase price of wood as material for combustion is easier, because there is a market for the wood, where the average price in the purchase of large quantities of wood in the long term is for the rest of the timber harvest activities 20 €/t, and fuelwood second class 30-35 €/t. Based on these data, adopted price of waste wood biomass is 2,9 din/kg. It is assumed that the loading and stacking bales does 2 workers. Manipulation of roll bales is with a front tractor loader. Loading and stacking bales in the warehouse is provided by using front tractor loader with a special attachment for manipulation with big bales. In addition, it was necessary to adopt the appropriate values of many variable and fixed costs, such as: - - price of machines involved in the process of preparation biomass - - potential annual efficiency of machines (ha or hours) - - economic useful life of machinery (depreciation) - - operating costs, - - maintenance costs, - - equipment and organization of transport systems, - - price wage workers, - - insurance costs, interest, - - average yield of biomass. The modular prices of different forms of bales are given in the following Table 7, with biomass that is available according to adequate mechanization used in Serbia: Table 7. Prices of different forms of biomass bales

Expenses of biomass bale Small prismatic Roll bales Large Big square preparation bale prismatic bales bale Type of costs Unit (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Bale weight (kg/com.) 10 – 12 120 – 160 250–300 500 Straw price (din/kg) 0,55 0,55 0,55 0,55

Pressing (din/kg) 1,32 1,21 1,32 1,32 Loading (din/kg) 0,66 0,55 0,55 0,44 0,55 0,66 0,66 0,55 Shipping (din/kg) (to 30 km) (to 30 km) (to 50 km) (to 100 km) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Unloading and (din/kg) 0,66 0,55 0,55 0,44 stacking Handling (din/kg) 0,11 0,11 0,22 0,22 Total price of biomass: (din/kg) 3,85 3,63 3,85 3,52

Prices of different forms of biomass are given in tables 8 to 11. Table 8. Price of briquettes from agricultural biomass 400 gr/com.

Type of costs Price of costs (din./kg) Price of straw bale 3,3 – 3,74 Mulching 2,2 Pressing 5,5 Packing 1,65 Storage 1,1 Shipping 2,2 (to 300 km) Total price: 15,95 do 16,39 Table 9. Price of pellets from agricultural biomass 20 gr/com.

Type of costs Price of costs (din./kg) Price of straw bale 3,3 – 3,74 Mulching 2,75 Pressing 6,6 Packing 1,1 Storage 0,55 Shipping 3,3 (to 200 km) Total price: 17,6 do 18,04 Table 10. Chips from waste wood from the forest and cut fire wood second class

Type of costs Price of costs (din./kg) The starting material 2,97 Transport to storage 1,76 Chipping 1,98 Storage 1,1 Transport to furnace 0,55 Total price: 8,25

Table 11. The pellets from waste wood from the forest and cut fire wood second class - 20 gr/com.

Type of costs Price of costs (din./kg) (1) (2) The starting material 2,97 Transport to storage 1,76 (1) (2) Chipping 1,98 Fine grinding 1,32 Pressing 6,6 Packing 1,1 Storage 0,55 Transport 3,3 (to 200 km) Ukupna cena: 19,58 The municipality Ţagubica has 36,773 ha of agricultural land, but only 7,000 ha is arable land from which biomass can be taken and used for energy purposes. On these surfaces, each year, as the rest of the primary agricultural production remains 28,750 m t of biomass. Using only a small part of these biomass would be more than enough to heat all the public facilities in the city Ţagubica. The above availability of biomass formed during the primary agricultural production and good price of that biomass imposed that such biomass is first taken into consideration with analysis what kind and form of bomass should be used for heating public facilities in Ţagubica. But despite a number of benefits arising from the use of agricultural biomass for energy purposes for heating public facilities in Ţagubica is abandoned for varius reasons, that can be given in the next:  large fragmentation of fileds (from 1 to 5 ha), which are predominantly located on the hilly terrain which rejects possibilities for use of high capacity machines (roll presses, presses for large prismatic balles, etc.) for collecting and pressing straw conditions the use of small prismatic whose cost of transport goes up to 30 km,  facilities for public use in Ţagubica are located in the center of town,  roads in Ţagubica are narrow with little space for parking outside lanes, which is the reason to frequent stopping and parking of vehicles on the road and delays in traffic. The conditions of the traffic in Ţagubica would greatly hinder the passage of special vehicles for transporting straw balles,  if public facilities would use straw balles as a fuel for heating systems it would be necessary to bild a storage near boiler house which must meet the requirements of fire protection measures, that are very rigorous. Taking into account the above, it is assumed that the municipality Ţagubic uses pellets from agriculture or from waste wood from forest cutting and secund class firewood.

Analytical price is formed based on a complex set of calculations that consider many variable production expenses but cannot predict a dynamic market flow regarding supply & demand and realistic market competition between the producers who are prepared to offer a better price if a sale of pellets is made during summer. Because of this, a market research was made andpellet-producing companies that are within an acceptable transport distance (200 km) were approached. A list of companies with their price lists is shown in the table (Table 12). Table 12. List of companies engaged in the production and distribution of pellets

Company Type of pellet Production capacity Price “MTMOP” d.o.o beech and ash tree 1400 kg/h 150 €/t * Dunavski kej, 12223 Golubac 600 t/month 180 €/t** 200 €/t*** “MIBORO PELET” d.o.o beech 500 kg/h 160 €/t * 12222, Braničevo 210 kg/month 185 €/t** 200 €/t*** “FONOS” d.o.o – pelet centar beech Always in stock 175€/t* Učiteljska 59a, Zvezdara, beech+fir 190 €/t** Beograd 205 €/t*** “BIOENERGY POINT” d.o.o beech 3.000/t month 160€/t* Izvorski put bb, Boljevac 19370 180 €/t** 195 €/t*** * Price valid if a quantity of pellet is ordered by July ** Price valid for quantities over 20 t *** Retail price Prices shown in the table (Table 12) are formed without transport expenses. Carriers charge their transport services 100 din/km for a 20 t truck. The price is formed by accounting the distance traveled to pick up and deliver the goods. The following table (Table 13) shows the distances with transport expenses from the production facilities and pellet storage facilities to Ţagubica municipality. Table 1. Transport costs from pellet producer to Ţagubica municipality. Table 13. Transport costs of pellets from producer to municipalities Ţagubica

Transport relations Number of Total transport cost Total transport kilometers cost per ton of pellets (km) (din) (din./t) Žagubica - Golubac 96,7 - 119 19.340 – 23.800 967 - 1190 Žagubica – Braničevo 75,8 – 107 15.160 – 21.400 758 – 1070 Žagubica – Beograd (Zvezdara) 168 - 173 33.600 – 34.600 1.680 – 1.730 Žagubica – Boljevac 205 41.000 2.050

By analyzing the supplier bids from Table 12 and transport expenses from Table 13, a conclusion has been made that the cheapest pellet can be obtained from “MTMOP” d.o.o from Golubac. Thus, wood pellet with a price of 160,44€/t (18,29 din/kg, with 1€=114 din) is the fuel of choice.

TASK 2 –Analysis of thermal energy required in selected facilities for public use

In this report - task No. 2 - it was necessary to complete the research based on data from research literature and field study and to summarize data collected in a separate report. In task No. 2 it is necessary to make a thorough analysis of chosen public facilities following the listed steps:  Make an optimal selection of public facilities that potentially can use biomass as a fuel for heating.  Provide a graphic display of the facility with the layout of the heating system (for each chosen facility in each municipality)  Prepare energy passport of the technical characteristics of the heating systems and the analysis of the heat loss for chosen public facilities in each municipality (age of the building and installation, type of window and window glass used, heating system, type of heating fuel)  Analyze possible improvements of the energy efficiency of the heating systems in public facilities and provide recommendations for the facilities that are the most efficient for energy saving in the case of biomass combustion plants. 2.1. The choice of public facilities in Žagubica municipality that will be heated using biomass

Selection of the public facilities in which biomass will be used as heating fuel was done in accordance with all relevant institutions in chosen municipalities. Thus, in selection of facilities and collection of all necessary data related to the project documentation including micro and macro aspects, technical characteristics of the facility with existing infrastructure and potentials for expansion of existing infrastructure, the following individuals were included: management of the municipality, with participation of municipal energy managers, representatives of the public companies (Chamber of Commerce, Planning Bureau, PowerSupply, Water Supply and Sewage, Heating Supply, Agriculture and Forestry Departments) as well as general managers of nearly all public companies operating in selected municipalities. During selection process, several priority criteria strove to be met:  that selected public facilities are of great importance for the local government,  that at least one or more facilities require larger amount of heating energy,  that the facilities are located in areas in which there will be no overlapping with the existing local piping system, i.e. that they are located in areas which the local district network will not reach in due time,

 thatchosenfacilities have enough space for construction of a boiler room and a small biomass storage building,which need to be physically separated from the existing facilities (namely due to hygienic and fire requirements),  that the location for construction is near an existing boiler rooms that run on gas or liquid fuel, so that the boiler systems can work compositely, i.e. can use the same collectors,  that facilities have adequate internal piping for heat distribution or have no piping at all so that new custom heating system may be designed and installed,  that the premises on which the construction of the boiler room and the storage buildingare planned have a registered owner,  that the pipingconnecting the buildings on selected locations is not too long and complex for installation,  that there are adequate access roads leading to storages buildings to ensure untroubled transport of biomass for combustion etc. By analyzing the field data and in accordance with the appointed criteria, the conclusion can be made that Ţagubica municipality has 18 local communities (1 city and 17 villages) spread over 760 km2. The municipality has 15.341 inhabitants of which 3.126 live in the city itself. The climate is humid continental, favorable for life and work. The research shows that Ţagubica city does not have a central heating system and the buildings are heated individually. This leaves many possibilities in choosing an adequate heating system for public buildings. The city hasa primary school, a high school of technical sciences and a kindergarten.Apart from these educational institutions, there are buildings such as City Hall, House of Culture, Employment Office etc. In Ţagubica there is no district heating system, which prompted the municipal government to consider the implementation of a district heating system that would use biomass as fuel in several buildings in the city. For this reason, the situation was analyzed in several buildings including the following:

Facility Image

Srednja tehnička škola u Žagubici Ţagubica City Hall is located in the city center (Figure 3). The building is an old style type with the date of construction unknown and no existing planning documents. However, the building has been completely renovated in 2002 which includes thermal insulation (5 cm styrofoam) and new PVC windows. Around 30 people work in the City Hall building in Figure 3. Ţagubica City Hall different sectors that are divided to insure

normal running of the municipality. The

building has a central heating system that runs on coal.

High school of technical sciences in Žagubica High school of technical sciences in Ţagubica (Figure 4) is located in the northern peripheral part of the city. The school was built in 1974. It was done using a classic building style, which means having concrete support structures and brickwork, spread over 820 m2. The building has two floors. There are 370 pupils divided in different classes and grades, and about 45 Figure 4. High school of technical employees. The school is heated via its own sciences in Ţagubica boiler running on coal. In the boiler room there are two additional boilers used for heating the kindergarten and the Department of City Planning.

Elementary School “Moše Pijade” in Žagubica Elementary School “Moše Pijade” in Ţagubica (Figure 5) is located beside the cities’ main bus station. The school was built in 1959. using a classic building style, which means having brickwork andconcrete support structures. It was meant as a building with no floors, but a floor was added on the northern wingin 1982. Figure 5. Elementary school „Moše The base of the school is spread over 1872 m2 Pijade“ in Ţagubica and the added floor over 607 m2. The building was not properly maintained, the façade is rundown and the wooden windows are decrepit. There are 342 pupils and 45 members of staff using the building. The heating system is consisted of a dedicated boiler room with boiler running on coal and wood.

“Moše Pijade” Elementary School kitchen in Žagubica “Moše Pijade” Elementary School kitchen in Ţagubica (Figure 6) is located beside the western wing of the Elementary School on a dedicated lot. It was built shortly after the school, in 1962 using a classic building style, which means having brickwork,concrete and steel support structures. The kitchen is spread Figure 6. “Moše Pijade” Elementary over 340 m2. It has decrepit windows and doors School kitchen in Ţagubica and the roof is made of asbestosboards that are banned because of their negative impact on the environment and health. The building is heated using a boiler from the schools boiler room. The kitchen has 3 employees, 2 cooks and a canteen worker.

Based on the assessment of the position of buildings, ownership of a land for the potential construction of the boiler room, the need for heating and other factors, it was decided to develop a heating system for two large facilities:  Elementary School „Moše Pijade” and  “Moše Pijade” Elementary School kitchen

Other facilities were not further discussed, since for their overall heating, a plant of considerable capacity would have to be built, for which it is not possible to find an appropriate location.

2.2 Technical features of the heating system with heat loss analysis overview for selected public facilities in Žagubica municipality

Technical features of existing heating systems in selected public facilities in Ţagubica municipality are as follows: 2.2.1 Elementary School “Moše Pijade“in Žagubica The Elementary School “Moše Pijade“ was built in 1959, as a floorless construction spread over 1872 m2 divided in 47 rooms: hedmasters office, administration office, archive, accounting, sports room, changing rooms, hallways, event hall, 11 clasrooms, 8 bathrooms and so on. A 607 m2 floor was added on the northern wing. School building and the added floor were builtusing a classic building style, which means having steel andconcrete support structures andbrickwork. The building’s foundations are dug in 1m in the ground. They are 80 cm wide, reinforced and interconnected. A brick wall was erected on top of the foundations, with width being the same as the foundations and the height 80 cm (upper foundations). Hydro-insulation was incorporated in the upper foundations made of brick, followed by a

layer of ground, charged concrete, another layer of hydro-insulation, reinforced concrete slab and terrazzo (Figure 7), with heat transfer coefficientof U = 2,78 W/m2K. Outer walls of the school are made of hollow,25 cm wide bricks, plastered on both sides with 2cm thick mortar. Total wall width amounts to 29 cm withheat transfer coefficientof U = 1,84 W/m2K (Figure 8). School interior is divided by walls made of 20 cm thick hollow brick, plastered on both sides with 2 cm layer of mortar. These are supporting walls and havea heat transfer coefficient of U = 2,09 W/m2K (Figure 9). Furthermore, there are interior walls made of 12 cm thick full brick, plasteredon both sides with 2 cm thick layer of mortar. This kind of wall has a heat transfer coefficient of U = 2,68 W/m2K (Figure 10).

Figure 7. Floor on the ground Figure 8. Outer wall

Above the rooms, with the exception of the northern wing which has a floor added, there is a ceiling made of gypsum board connected to the roofs’ steel construction and layered with a compound made from mortar and reed. The heat transfer coefficient of the ceiling is U = 4,47 W/m2K (Figure 11). Above the ceiling, there is a steel structure of the roof, which has boards attached to it followed by planks and 1 mm thick folded sheet metal. This kind of roof has a heat transfer coefficient of U = 3,54 W/m2K (Figure 12).

Figure 9. Inner wall – type 1 Figure 10. Inner wall – type 2

Figure 11. The ceiling of the ground floor of Figure 12. Roof on the school the school

The school building houses a sports room constructed from concrete supporting structures and interior brick walls. Northern sports room wall is predominantly fitted with metal-framed 3,6x4 m and 3,6x1,5 m single-paned windows. Overall sports room area covered by windows compared to floor area is 40%. 5x3 cm planks and 1mm thick folded sheet metal are fitted over the supporting beams, whereas under the structure there is a layer of 1,8 cm thick gypsum board, giving a cumulative heat transfer coefficient of U = 3,02 W/m2K (Figure 13). Due to a large population growth in the city and surrounding villages, a floor was added above the schools’ northern wing in 1982. The floors’ outer walls were built emulating the existing school walls, only one layer of thermal insulation (5 cm glass wool) was added. This kind of walls have a heat transfer coefficient of U = 0,59 W/m2K (Figure 14).

Figure 13. Roof above the sports room Figure 14. Roof - upgrade

The flooring between the school and the added structure consists of 14 cm thick reinforced concrete slab followed by 5 cm thick cement layer. Under the concrete slab, there is a 2 cm layer of mortar. The classrooms on the floor have a 4 mm thick linoleum coating (Figure 16), while the hall and the staircase area are fitted with ceramic tilesadhered by 3 cm thick layer of cement mortar (Figure 15).

Figure 15. Structural floor to halls Figure 16. Structural floor to upgrade

Doors and windows in the school, except in the sports room, have wooden frames dating from the time when the school was built. They are pretty worn out and have a heat transfer coefficient of U = 2,91 W/m2K (Figure 17). There are 116 differently sized windows in the school, with total area of 666,8 m2, which is 25,82% of total useful area of the school. Exterior doors are made of metal with single-paned piece of glass, also dating from the time the schools was built. Their heat transfer coefficient is U = 5,86 W/m2K (Figure 18). There are 5 exterior doors in the school with total area of 21,96 m2.

Figure 17. Wooden windows on the school Figure 18. Overview of the main entrance door

The schools is heated by a central heating system using two connected in parallel sectional hot water boilers made by boiler manufacturer “Radijator” from Zrenjanin, type NEO VULKAN (Figure 19) with maximum heat they can produce burning brown coal being Q = 555,6 kW (277,8 kW x 2). Besides the brown coal, wood is also used to heat the building. The boilers are over 50 years old and are way past their expected service life, essentiallythey are in a bad state (Figure 20). They have corrosion issues due to frequent floods in the boiler room caused by extensive precipitation. The boiler room is partially below the ground level and water level gets as high as 1 m. According to the boiler operator, frequent breakdowns occur when boiler sections brake. These breakdowns are remedied by welding the sections and restarting the boiler.

Figure 19. Boilers „Radijator“ Zrenjanin, Figure 20. Appearance of boilers type NEO VULKAN

The boiler room is equipped with three centrifugal pumps. Two of them are (delivery pumps) type GHR 801 (Figure 21) made by “IMP LJUBLJANA”, with Q = 10.750 m3/h capacity, and the third (return pump) is type GHR 803 (Figure 22) made by “IMP LJUBLJANA”, with Q = 3 21.500 m /h capacity. All pumps are driven by three phase electric motors with Pm = 790W of power. There are two dual thermostats with measuring range from 0 to 130 ºC along with 8 shut-off valves NP6-DN 80 in the boiler room.

Figure 21. Pumps made by „IMP Figure 22. Pump made by „IMP LJUBLJANA“, type LJUBLJANA“, type GHR 801 GHR 803

Hot water piping from the boiler to the heat exchangers (radiators) is engineered without the collector for delivery and return pipes. Thus, hot water is distributed via two pipes. One is used for heating the northern wing, the floor and the kitchen, and the other for heating southern and western wing. Primarydistribution lines branch through underground channels under the school, which later branch throughout the buildings via vertical lines. The distribution lines are protected by 100 mm thick kieselguhr compound, bandaged, smooth- coated, torsioned and painted in two layers. It is impossible to determine the condition of the

underground lines since they are located in the channels, but there are visible parts of these lines in the boiler room (Figure 23). By examining these exposed lines, an assumption can be made that the lines are in poor condition and cause major heat losses. Radiators type “Simfonija” with heating elements (ribs) made from pressed sheet metal (Figure 24) were installed in the school building at the time when it was built. The additionally built floor was fitted with type “Termik-2” steel casted radiators (Figure 25), shortly upon floor construction. Northern wing piping is mounted on the ceiling and then connected by vertical lines to the radiators (Figure 26).

Figure 23. View of the damaged pipe Figure 24. Radiator „Simfonija“, type 500/210 insulation in the boiler room

Figure 25. Radiator „Termik-2“, type Figure 26. Distribution of pipeline systems in 800/160 the northern wing of the school

Total radiator power output obtained by counting all radiators and their heating elements and using the available manufacturer specificationsis 537.621 W, of which 152.838 W is dedicated for the floor above the northern wing, 462.633 W for the school building without the floor, and 68.487 W for the kitchen. Using a radiator counting method to determine necessary heat requirementsis relatively imprecise. To determine accurate (real) heat requirements for a building, heat loss calculations due to transmission and ventilation through construction elements must be made. The calculations are available in Chapter 4 Appendix, while the following table offers heat loss for individual rooms (Table 14).

Table 14. Overview of the heat losses in the the school building

Room temp. Room Heat losses Room name in winter Room status number in the room mode

- - tp Q - - - oC W -

01 02 03 04 05

GROUND FLOOR

1 MAIN HALL 15 7819 TREATED 2 SMALL KITCHEN 4 3 NOT TREATED 3 TEACHER'S OFFICE 20 14142 TREATED 4 PRINCIPAL'S OFFICE 20 5594 TREATED 5 SECRETARY'S OFFICE 20 1800 TREATED 6 HALL 1 15 2707 TREATED 7 HALL EVENTS - THEATRE 20 43822 TREATED 8 LIBRARY 20 7168 TREATED 9 CLASSROOM SOUTH WING 20 8155 TREATED 10 TOILET SOUTH WING 15 3026 TREATED 11 ACCOUNTANT'S OFFICE 20 4165 TREATED 12 ARCHIVE 20 4056 TREATED 13 HALL 1 SOUTH WING 15 925 NOT TREATED 14 MALE DRESSING ROOM 20 6167 TREATED 15 MALE TOILET 18 1468 TREATED 16 FEMALE TOILET 18 1468 TREATED 17 FEMALE DRESSING ROOM 20 6237 TREATED 18 HALL 2 SOUTH WING 15 6357 TREATED 19 SPORTS ROOM 20 97066 TREATED 20 COAL STORAGE 10 - NOT TREATED 21 BOILER ROOM 20 - NOT TREATED 22 WOOD STORAGE 10 - NOT TREATED 23 STOKER'S ROOM 20 5213 TREATED 24 STORAGE 15 3632 TREATED 25 CLASSROOM 1 WEST WING 20 15138 TREATED 26 CLASSROOM 2 WEST WING 20 15428 TREATED 27 CLASSROOM 3 WEST WING 20 15600 TREATED 28 VISIT OFFICE 20 3813 TREATED 29 DRESSING ROOM 8 -66 NOT TREATED 30 STORAGE FOR CHEMICALS 7 -10 NOT TREATED 31 TOILET WEST WING - LAVATORY 6 -29 NOT TREATED 32 HALL WEST WING 15 6884 TREATED 33 TOILET WEST WING 18 3331 TREATED 34 CLASSROOM 1 NORTH WING 20 11389 TREATED 35 CLASSROOM 2 NORTH WING 20 7986 TREATED 36 CLASSROOM 3 NORTH WING 20 7986 TREATED 37 CLASSROOM 4 NORTH WING 20 10061 TREATED 38 CLASSROOM 5 NORTH WING 20 7986 TREATED

39 CLASSROOM 6 NORTH WING 20 7986 TREATED 40 CLASSROOM 7 NORTH WING 20 13710 TREATED 41 HALL NORTH WING 15 10854 TREATED 42 HALL WITH STAIRS 15 6779 TREATED 43 MALE TOILET - LAVATORY (UPGRADED) 12 186 NOT TREATED 44 MALE TOILET (UPGRADED) 18 2217 TREATED 45 FEMALE TOILET - LAVATORY (UPGRADED) 5 61 NOT TREATED 46 FEMALE TOILET (UPGRADED) 18 3196 TREATED 47 STAIRS 15 6568 NOT TREATED T O T A L: 388049 UPGRADED (FIRST) FLOOR

1,1 HALL BESIDE STAIRS 15 2932 TREATED 1,2 PEDAGOGUE'S OFFICE 20 3698 TREATED 1,3 MALE TOILET - LAVATORY 9 -25 NOT TREATED 1,4 MALE TOILET 18 1511 TREATED 1,5 FEMALE TOILET 18 1754 TREATED 1,6 FEMALE TOILET - LAVATORY 4 9 NOT TREATED 1,7 HALL 15 11214 TREATED 1,8 CLASSROOM 1 20 11725 TREATED 1,9 CLASSROOM 2 20 5918 TREATED 1,10 CLASSROOM 3 20 5918 TREATED 1,11 CLASSROOM 4 20 8848 TREATED 1,12 CLASSROOM 5 20 5918 TREATED 1,13 CLASSROOM 6 20 5918 TREATED 1,14 CLASSROOM 7 20 11282 TREATED T O T A L: 76619

2.2.2 “Moše Pijade” Elementary School kitchen in Žagubica “Moše Pijade” Elementary School kitchen in Ţagubica was built at the same time as the school, in 1959. It is located on a separate lot, but the only way in the kitchen is accessible through the schoolyard. The kitchen is used to feed the children during school hours as well as the smaller children (below the 4th grade) who stay beyond school hours (extended stay). The kitchen has an area of 352 m2 of which 310,4 m2 is considered useful. It was built using a classic building style, which means having brickwork, concrete and steel support structures. Exterior walls were built from 25 cm thick load bearing blocks, plastered on both sides with a 2 cm layer of mortar (Figure 8). This type of wall has a heat transfer coefficient of U = 2,09 W/m2K. Interior walls were built from full 12 cm brick, plastered on both sided with a 2 cm layer of mortar (Figure 10). Ceiling bearing structure was made from steel I-beamscovered with boards on both sides. On the bottom side, over the boards, a layer of compound made from mortar and reedwas added. This kind of ceiling has a heat transfer coefficient of U = 1,79 W/m2K (Figure 27). The roof was covered with wavy asbestos boards that should be replaced due to the negative impact on health they have. The kitchen was fitted with doors and windows with wooden frames and they are decrepit now, causing major heat loss. Total windowed area is 62,76 m2, which amounts to 20,2% of useful floor area (Figure 28). The

floor is made from terrazzo, the same as the school floor with heat transfer coefficient of U = 2,78 W/m2K (Figure 7).

Figure 27. Structural floor on the kitchen Figure 28. Overview of the windows and roof on the kitchen building

Kitchen heating is provided by the boiler from the schools’ boiler room, via thermally insulated underground hot water piping. The condition of this piping cannot be precisely determined.Radiators type “Simfonija” made from pressed sheet metal were installed in the kitchen, with total power output of 68.847 W. As stated before, in order to determine real heat requirements, heat loss calculations must be made. The following table (Table 15) shows the overview of individual room heat loss, while the detailed calculations are given in Chapter 4 Appendix. Table 15. Overview of the heat losses in the the kitchen building

KITCHEN BUILDING

HALL 15 2394 TREATED DINNING ROOM 20 39904 TREATED KITCHEN 20 10663 TREATED KITCHEN STORAGE 15 2019 NOT TREATED HALL 3 61 NOT TREATED TOILET (STAFF ONLY) 18 1632 TREATED HALL 15 2695 TREATED TOILET 14 759 NOT TREATED HALL 15 163 TREATED ROOM 1 20 1523 TREATED ROOM 2 20 3823 TREATED ROOM 3 20 5173 TREATED ROOM 4 20 2325 TREATED TOILET 10 183 TREATED STORAGE 15 1259 NOT TREATED HALL 20 2034 TREATED T O T A L: 76609

In the following table (Table 16) is given heat loss summary for school and kitchen building.

Table 16. Total heat losses for complex of buildings in elementary school „Moše Pijade“ in Ţagubica

S U M M A R Y GROUND FLOOR 388.049 UPGRADED (FIRST) FLOOR 76.619 KITCHEN BUILDING 76.609

T O T A L: 541.276 W

According to data from the table (Table 15), a conclusion can be made that the school ground level is spread over 1.708,78 m2 (boiler room, coal storage room and wood storage room are not included since they are not heated via the existing system) with required heating volume of 6.152,5 m3. Necessary power requirements according to heat loss calculations due to transmission and ventilation are 338.049 W, that is 227,09 W/m2 (heated area) or 63,07 W/m3 (heated space). The floor over the northern wing has an area of 606,5 m2 and heating volume of 2031,7 m3. Necessary power requirements according to heat loss calculations are 76.619 W, that is 126,33 W/m2 (heated area) or 37,71 W/m3 (heated space). Kitchen has an area of 310,4 m2 and heating volume of 900,16 m3. Necessary power requirements according to heat loss calculations are 76.609 W, that is 246,8 W/m2 (heated area) or 85,12 W/m3 (heated space). Total heating requirements for the complex are 541.276W which is 541 kW.

2.3. Analysis of the measures for the increase of energy efficiency in buildings for public use

The analysis of the measures for the increase of energy efficiency in buildings for public use in Ţagubica municipality has to be done from two aspects. One aspect is the general, i.e. global approach to the problem of increasing the energy efficiency in municipalities, while the other one is the increase of energy efficiency in individual buildings. When observing the use of energy for central heating of individual buildings for public use, as has been stated already, it can be established that the energy is used irrationally and with poor quality (large deviations from assigned temperatures in heated rooms). According to the present condition of the chosen public usage buildings in Ţagubica, we may conclude that by the usage of proper organizational and technical activities significant energy sufficiency improvements may be achieved.

2.3.1. Energy consumption in elementary school „Moša Pijade” in Žagubica and proposals for practical measures for the increase of energy efficiency of facilities

Beside the technical analysis of the buildings, an economic analysis of energy loss must be done in order to get a whole pictureregarding energy efficiency and to be able to suggest

measures for improving energy efficiency and determine its profitability. The following table (Table 17) offers an overview of consumption of fuel used for school and kitchen heating and overall power consumption. The data is available for a heating period from 15/10/2011 until 15/4/2012. In order to make an economic analysis of overall energy consumption, all available forms of energy must be converted to the same unit ([kWh]/[din./kWh]), that is equalize with wood and coal consumption (and their price). To make the conversions, brown coal and oak wood are adopted as reference fuels with following characteristics: brown coal - Hd =15.927 kJ/kg, ρ = 1,25 t/m3; oak wood - Hd =16.100 kJ/kg, ρ = 0,72 t/m3. By analyzing the table (Table 17) a conclusion can be made that in overall energy expenses, coal participates with 76,37%, followed by wood with 15,09%, electric energy with 8,54%. Over 90% (91,46%) of overall energy expenses during wintertime are made for heating buildings. If these facts are considered, it can be deduced that saving measures and energy efficiency improvement can be achieved through cutting down on heating expenses. Table 17. Energy consumption reduced to kWh

Quantity Price Total price [m3] [t] [kWh] [din/m3] [din/t] [din/kWh] [din] Coal consumption 136 170 752.108 9.375 7.500 1.70 1.275.000 Wood consumption 60 43.2 193.200 4.200 5.833 1.30 252.000 Electricity - - 16.409 - - 8,69 142.600 consumption TOTAL: 961.717 1.669.600

For practical organizational and technical measures for the increase of energy efficiency in selected public facilities in the municipality Ţagubica can specify the following:  Thermal insulation should be mounted on the exterior facade walls (5 cm thick Styrofoam, λ=0,035) and covered with protective façade casing (such as “demit” facade), to prevent negative atmospheric impact on the Styrofoam.  All of the windows and doors should be replaced with new PVC (profiles with five chambers and thermo-insulated glass) windows and doors. The worst heat transfer coefficient forthis kind of windows is U = 1,2 W/m2K.  Perform balancing of central heating system, especially on the building of primary schools because existing hot water distribution is not satisfacory according to the principal of school and braizer.  Perform cleaning of the radiator and piping network because system is operating without the purification device for a long time, so dirt accumulated in radiators and its reducing the heat transfer ability of radiators.  Perform reconstruction of existing coal and wood furnace, which especially refers to purchase of three – way valve for automatic regulation of system.

 Perform the insulating for parts of the existing pipe heating installations which are damaged,  Perform the installation of thermostatic valves.. By caring out the energy efficiency improvement measures stated before, heat loss can be reduced to a great extent, that is overall heat requirements could be decreased, which would result with overall energy savings, essentially saving money. In order to make a techno- economic analysis of potential savings by implementing the measures stated before, some base system operating parameters must be defined, such as:  duration (timeframe) of wintertime heating  number of working days during wintertime heating  number of working hours per day. Wintertime heating starts on the October 15th and ends on the April 15th. The wintertime heating lasts 185 days. Average temperature is 15ºC. By multiplying the number of working days with average daily temperature, a value of 2775 DD per wintertime heating for heating system installed in primary school “Veljko Dugošević” together with the kitchen, is obtained. Using the previously gathered results, fuel consumption for wintertime heating can be calculated by using the following formulae:

mF/year= 24 · 3,600 · e · y · DD · Q / (hd ·  · (tu - ts)) [kg/winter time_heating] where are: e = et · eb - temperature and exploatation limitation coefficient, 0,9 x 0,9 = 0,81, y - corrective coefficient (interruptions in stocking, wind), 0,8, SD - degree – day value, 185 day x 15oC = 2775 days oC, Q - heating requirement, amount of heat, [kW], Hd - lower heating value (16.900) [kJ/kg],  - efficiency of the facility (0,85), tu - interior temperature of heated rooms (20oC) i ts - exterior project temperature, (-18oC). By using organizational and technical measures of savings which should result in increasing overall energy efficiency of the facility, the following results may ensue: - By exchanging old and decrepit windows and metal doors with new PVC (profiles with five chambers and thermo-insulated glass) windows and doors, heat loss due to transmission and ventilation could be mitigated. Energy savings were calculated using 2 2 heat transfer coefficient of Uw = 1,2 W/m K (windows) and Ud = 1,8 W/m K (doors). By installing new windows and doors, heat loss caused by ventilation through the windows and doors (air infiltration through the joints in the masonry-sealing edges) would be greatly reduced, and it would result with air transfer coefficients (through the joints) of a = 0,66 m3/mh Pa2/3 (for the windows) and a = 1 m3/mh Pa2/3 (for the doors).

- If thermal insulation should be mounted on the exterior façade walls, transmission heat loss could be mitigated to a great extent. Should a 5 cm thick Styrofoam be mounted on the exterior facade walls (λ=0,035 W/mK) and covered with protective facade casing (“demit” facade), it would yield a heat transfer coefficient of U = 0,51 W/m2K for the exterior walls, instead of current U = 1,84 W/m2K. - By replacing old radiator valves with new thermostatic valves (TV), which can be set to determine and maintain certain room temperature, a direct influence would be made on reducing fuel consumption. According to available literature and recent research data regarding heating equipment, installing thermostatic valves yields 4-6% (adopted 5,3%) savings. Schools building along with the kitchen building 159 radiators, meaning that the same number of thermostatic valves must be obtained. Radiator cleaning itself increases heat transfer coefficient although there aren’t any relevant or framework values of system efficiency increase. Because of this, energy savings made by incorporating this measure will not be considered. Furthermore, radiator cleaning should precede the heating system balancing, so that pressure drop achieved through the radiator elements would match manufacturer recommendations as closely as possible. System balancing cannot increase system efficiency in general, but it is extremely important in order to achieve the projected room temperature. Detailed overview of the calculation will not be shown due to its ampleness; however, a savings amount recap is available in the table (Table 18). Energy savings were obtained using calculated fuel consumption, which is not far off the data presented by the municipalities’ people in charge.

Table 18. Overview of wintertime fuel consumption of the existing boiler and the savings that can be achieved by applying technical - organizational measures to increase efficiency

Cost of Cost of* Type Degree - Fuel Fuel Price of Energy Energy Constant e y Q hd η Δt m /year. heating heating of fuel dayDD F consumption consumption fuel savings savings season season [din./t] [-] [-] [-] [-] [°Cday] [kW] [kJ] [-] [°C] [kg/god.] [kg] [t], [m³] [din./season] [€/sezonu] [€/season] [din./season] [din/m³] OLD BOILER FACILITY WOOD AND COAL Coal 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 555,6 15927 0,60 38 237708,74 185698,07 185,70 7500 1.392.735,49 12216,98 - - Wood 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 555,6 16100 0,60 38 235154,48 51451,80 71,46 4200 300135,50 2632,77 - - UKUPNO: 1.692.871 14.850

UNDERWENT PLACING THERMAL INSULATION OF STYROFOAM 5 cm THICKNES Coal 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 469,6 15927 0,60 38 200902,82 156945,28 156,95 7500 1177089,60 10325,35 1891,63 215645,89 Wood 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 469,6 16100 0,60 38 198744,05 43485,20 60,40 4200 253663,65 2225,12 407,65 46471,84

UKUPNO: 2.299,28 262.117,73 UNDERWENT REPLACEMENT OF OLD WOODEN WINDOWS WITH NEW PVC WINDOWS Coal 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 454,2 15927 0,60 38 194308,50 151793,80 151,79 7500 1138453,48 9986,43 2230,54 254282,02 Wood 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 454,2 16100 0,60 38 192220,58 42057,86 58,41 4200 245337,54 2152,08 480,68 54797,96

UKUPNO: 2.711,23 309.079,97 UNDERWENT REPLACMENT OF OLD RADIATORS VALVES WITH NEW TERMOSTATIC VALVES Coal 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 516,4 15927 0,60 38 220927,51 172588,57 172,59 7500 1294414,28 11354,51 862,47 98321,21 Wood 86400 0,81 0,8 2775 516,4 16100 0,60 38 218553,57 47819,52 66,42 4200 278947,21 2446,91 185,86 21188,29 TOTAL: 1048,33 119509,50 *1 € = 114,00 din. THE SUM OF TOTAL SAVINGS: 6.058,84 690.707,21

Comparative analysis of Table 17 and Table 18 shows that deviation of costs which are obtained from municipality and those obtained by calculation is 9.8%, which confirms that the methodology is correct. By placing thermal insulation on the outside wall of the object facade, required thermal power can be reduced to 469.6 kW, which could lead to fuel savings of 262.117,73 dinars, or 2.711,23 € for a heating season. By replacing the old wooden doors and windows with new doors and windows made of PVC profilesand insulating glass, required power for heating can be reduced to 454.2 kW which could lead to fuel savings of 309,079.97 dinars, or 2.711,23 € for a heating season. By installing thermostatic valves, required power for heating can be reduced to 516.4 kW which could lead to fuel savings 119,509.50 dinars, or 1,048.33 € for a heating season. Total savings by applying all previous suggestions could reach 445.865,49 dinars, or 3.911,10 €. Total savings by performing all previous works could reach 690.707,21 dinars, or 6.058,84 € for heating season. The necessary amount of investments for these savings measures and energy efficiency increase and implementation of their effectiveness will be presented in the Chapter 3.6.

TASK 3 – Techno-economic analysis for thermal facility which uses biomass as a fuel, for heating chosen buildings

3.1. Technology of available biomass form combustion

Adequate choice of terminology for intentional combustion of biomass with the goal of obtaining heat energy is of the highest importance for the energy, economic and ecological efficiency of that process. A schematic presentation of the appropriateness of technical-technological solutions for thermal solutions for thermal power of a 100 MW furnace and certain forms of biomass for combustion is shown in Figure 29.

Figure 29. Appropriateness of tehnological and tehnical solutions for biomass combustion S– batch, with fixed grate; V– with movable grate; U– with lower firing (crucible); E– with combustion in space (cyclone or vortex firebox), W– fluidized bed; Z–with helical combustion (cigarette combustion); 3.2. Selection of combustion technologies and technical solutions for the thermal power plants and defining the maximum boiler plant thermal power for continuous heating of public buildings Starting with the chosen types and forms of biomass to be combusted, spatial limitations, environmental and legal norms and standards, it was decided upon the thermal energy plant for combusting wood pellets that are to be purchased at market value.

Combustion of wood pellets will be performed in a stoker with a moving andiron. The technology suggested has several important advantages that could be briefly described as the following:  It combusts fuel (wood pellets) which is very common on the Serbian market. The fuel could be bought successively, i. e. as needed, which means that it is not necessary to buy the total amount of fuel needed once a year,  Combustion of wood pellets could be completely automated with a total mechanization of the pellet manipulation process,  Emission of harmful gasses could be maintained in the allowed limits, wich is of outmost importance, since the old boilers will be replaced with new, the new boiler room will be placed in the old,  The wood pellet combustion plant could be put in various modes,  While working in this plant, the wood pellets will not be affected by the problems of solubility as is the case with combustion of biomass form the agricultural production. The negative side of the chosen technology is the expensiveness of the combustion plant, which could be justified by the tendency to automate the combustion process as much as possible. 3.2.1. General requirements for the construction of the boiler facility It was defined that the thermal energy plant for heating of the chosen object in Ţagubica should operate as acombinedwood pellet and firewood burning facility, but at the same time it has to satisfy the following basic technical, economic and environmental requests:  It should produce the required amount of energy (560 kW),  It should be possible to combust wood pellets in it,  Current equipment and infrastructure should be put to optimal use,  The plant should work in an economic way, i. e. it should provide a competitive price of thermal energy in relation to the production where the basic fuel are brown coal and firewood,  The pollution of the environment should be in accordance with the domestic and European norms,  A high level of reliability and availability of all work modes required,  A contemporary level of management and work control should be secured,  A contemporary level of plant maintenance with minimal costs should be secured,  Hygienic conditions should be satisfying during the pellets manipulation.

3.3. Defining the optimal place for the construction of thermal power plants (with thetechnical, economic and environmental aspects)

The choice of the public use property in Ţagubica that are to be heated by the thermal energy from the biomass was not easy. The biggest problem with this choice was the adequate location for building of the boiler-room with a warehouse for the biomass. The problem was made more complex by the hindered transport during the supply of the facilities with biomass. Beside the need for its always failing boilers to be replaced and heating made more efficient, the elementary school „Moše Pijade” in Ţagubica was a good choice partially because of its relatively good infrastructure, boiler room and warehouse size, accessibility for big trucks near the door of the boiler room. After heat loss calculations for the whole complex (school and kitchen facility) and boiler plant dimensioning, the decision was made to discard the old boilers since they are out of their service period. They are to be replaced with a new pellet burning boiler. Furthermore, this decision was affected by the fact that the old coal storage room can be successfully transformed into a pellet storage which is to be stored in jumbo sacks placed on pallets. Also, the height of the chimney is adequate for the new boiler facility. This kind of choice made possible to deviate from a number of large expenses that would generate from building a new boiler room and since the facility is fitted with its own cyclone cleaner, the emissions level is in accordance with the ecological norms and regulations.

3.4. Technical description of the biomass fueled boiler facility (thermal technical equipment, boiler room and heating lines) with pre- measurement and estimate in the Žagubica – location and the expected energy and ecological efficiency

With this elaboration anticipated is the change of the existing boiler-room, old boilers should be changed with new automated wood pellet bioler, for heating:  Elementary school „Moše Pijade” and  School kitchen building. Reconstruction of boiler room involve insertion of a new boiler and accompanying equipment (collectors for hot and cold water, circulating pumps, thermostats, valves, filters, etc.) which will be connected to the existing network of outgoing and return lines of the old central heating system. Thermal capacity of the new boiler is Q = 560 kW, which is slightly larger than the capacity of the existing boiler. The boiler will operate in mode 90/70oC, since the current heating system is running in this mode. Technical features of the new pellet wood boiler are:

Fuel The wood pellets are planned to be used as fuel, although it can be used without any problems and pellets of biomass from agricultural production: straw, wheat, soybeans, etc., and the use of classic wood with minor modifications to the boiler. Biomass fueled boiler Hot water boiler, with system of removable grates, product of „Eko produkt”, Novi Sad The furnace thermal power: N = 560 kW The degree of boiler usefulness: η = 0,85% The schematics of boiler facility, wich burns wood pellets Fig. 40. For the preparation of the sanitary water, in the new boiler room, provided is a standing hot water boiler made of stainless material, with a volume of V=300 l. The water from the boiler is meant for the school kitchen, and it will also be used as sanitary water.

Fig. 1. The schematics of the boiler facility wich burns wood pellets (1. bunker for pellets, 2. flexible screw conveyor for pellets, 3. barrier against flame, 4.screw feeder for pellets 5. hot-water boiler, 6. primary air fan, 7. secondary air fan, 8. multicyclone, 9. flue gas fan, 10. container for ash, 11. chimney) Pre-measurement and estimate for the delivery, montage and other works on the building of thermal technical equipment of the thermal energetic facility, boiler-room and heating lines is presented in Chapter 4 Appendix at the end of the book. Summary of costs for the purchase of thermotechnics and process equipment and construction works are represented in :

RECAPITULATION

BUILDING COSTS OF THERMAL ENERGY FACILIY FOR THE HEATING OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN ŽAGUBICA

(The value of 1 euro is 114 din) Table 19. Building costs of thermal energy faciliy for the heating of public buildings in ţagubica I THERMOTECHNICS AND PROCESS EQUIPMENT 6.831.289 din II CONSTRUCTION OF A BOILER ROOM BUILDING 342.000 din IMPROVEMENT OF TECHNICAL III CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERNAL HEATING 326.240 din INSTALLATIONS IV PROJECT DOCUMENTATION (5%) 374.976 din TOTAL: 7.874.505 din

INDIVIDUAL INVESTMENT PRICES ARE:

In relation to the installed power: 14.061,62 din/kW

In relation to the heated area: 2.998,67 din/m2

3.4.1. Expected energy efficiency and ecological efficiency for biomass combustion in boiler facilities Based on several year of boiler facilities research in Serbia in which wooden pellets are combusted, in general, it can be stated that they have energy efficiency in desired range. In the case of low energy efficiency there are high gass emission that pollutes work and life environment. This causes financial loses and problems for the environment. Ecological efficiency: It is expected that the energy efficiency of combustion facilities of wood pellets in Ţagubica will be 85% when working with wood pellets with humidity of up to 12%. in this case that can be achieved only with great automation of the facility. Biomass is declared as ecological fuel. First and foremost it is implied since the chemical composition of biomass is very favourable, and as an alternative fuel it pollutes the environment significantly less in comparison to conventional energy sources. Biomass does not create the greenhouse effect, i.e. the pollution takes in during the plant growth as much pollution as the combustion produces. There is no sulphur in the biomass nor can it be found in traces. The combustion of biomass does not create large amounts of nitric oxide, since the combustion temperatures need to be kept at lower values because of possible melting of ashes. Biomass ashes do not pollute the soil, water, flora and fauna and they can be used as fertilizer for vegetable gardens and gardens, under the condition that the floating ashes are excluded because they can contain heavy metals that are harmful to the environment. During the biomass combustion carbon monoxide can appear in larger amounts, mostly because of some technical faults of the facilities or due to unprofessional handling of combustion technology. In combustion products, there is very little sulphur dioxide and sulphur trioxide, since sulphur can be found in bio-fuel in very small amounts, so the combustion facilities are spared from low temperature corrosion, and the environment from acid rains. The incorrect handling of combustion facilities can cause the occurrence of chloride compounds and cyclic hydrocarbons. (dioxin, furans and polyaromatic hydrocarbons) According to tables 29, 30, 31 i 32 (Error! Reference source not found., Error! Reference source not found., Error! Reference source not found. i Error! Reference source not found.) it is expected that from this combustion facilities for wood pellets, in Ţagubica, with 560 kW thermal power, during a year emitted to the atmosphere will be: Carbon dioxide

 76.228 kg CO2, respectively 76,23 t CO2 with combustion of wood 262.879 kg CO2, or 262,88 t CO2 with coal combustion, making a total amount of 339.107 kg CO2, or 339,1 t CO2, when using coal as an energy source (79,74) and wood (20,26%),

 230.626,9 kg CO2, respectively 230,6 t CO2 with combustion of wood pellets. In case the forest are planted next year (which will happen), it can be concluded that, from the new facility and for the same production power, a lower production of CO2, up to 90%, which would quantitatively be 108.487 kg CO2.

Nitirc oxides  2.225,66 g NOx, respectively 2,23 kg NOx, with combustion of and 4.061,39 g NOx, or 4,06 kg, which is 6.287,05 g NOx, or 6,29 kg, when using coal as an energy source (79,74%) and wood (20,26%),  6.733,63 g NOx, respectively 6,73 kg NOx, with combustion of wood pellets. From the new facility, as was stated, the biomass will produced 440 g Nox yearly, i.e 0,44 kg NOx more than when only natural fuel oil is used. Sulphur oxide  When burning wood pellet, no sulphurcompounds gets produced or emitted.

 If only coal and wood burning boiler is operational, SO2 production for the power in questions is 2,707,590 g NOx, that is 1.433,43 t NOx

When calculating complete SO2 emissions, only SO2 generatedby the old boiler facility is taken into consideration, since the SO2 emissions for the new facility is practically non- existent. Particles The emission of particles from the biomass combustive facilities will on an yearly level be:  139.104 g particles, i.e. 139,1 kg particles, with combustion of wood i 1.083.036 g particles, i.e. 1.083,04 kg particles with combustion of coal, which is 1.222.140 g particles, or 1.222,14 kg particles, when using coal as an energy source (79,74%) and wood (20,26%),  420.852,07 g particles, i.e. 420,85 kg particles when using wooden pellets as an energy source The existing facility which use wood and coal as energy sources, produce 801,29 kg particles more then in case that only burns wood pellets. In the biomass storages and the boiler room dust must not be produced, since dust has a harmful effect on the human, animal and bird respiratory organs, it is easily combustible and can easily explode if the right conditions are met. Because of this, dust needs to be efficiently caught before and after the combustion. The installed equipment must satisfy the prescribed marginal values for permitted amounts of dust as well as gasses harmful to the environment. In the following table (Table 20), marginal values are given for the content of the most important elements in the biomass, which could have a harmful effect on the functioning of the facility as well as on the environment. Table 20. Possible harmful effects of certain elements and corrective technologicalmeasures

Eleme Framework Limitingparameters Biomass in which Technological capabilities in case of nt marginal problems can be exceeding the limit values value expected (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) N* < 0,6 Emissions NOx Straw, grain, grass, Multi-stage intake air, a reducing

tree bark furnace

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Cl* < 0,1 Corrosion Straw, grain, grass Anti-corrosion: temperature control, Emissions HCl automatic cleaning of heating surfaces, protective coatings on pipes. Against the emission of HCl: purification of flue gases S* < 0,1 Corrosion Straw, grain, grass Anti-corrosion: see for Cl Ca* < 15 Deposit formation Straw, grain, grass Control of temperature in the furnace Mg** < 2,5 Deposit formation Rare species See for Ca Deposit formation Straw, grain, corn, Anti-corrosion: see for Cl K** < 7,0 Corrosion grass Against deposit formation: see for Ca Fusibility Anti-corrosion: see for Cl Na** < 0,6 Build-up Straw, grain, grass Against deposit formation: see for Ca Corrosion Zn** < 0,08 Recycling of ashes Bark, wood mass Fractional separation of heavy metals Cd** <0,0005 Recycling of ashes Bark, wood mass Fractional separation of heavy metals

* Given on the basis of dry coal ** Given on the basis of dry ash Appropriate micro-climate has to be sustained within the boiler room. It must not have negative effects on the personnel. Maximum allowed levels of smoke gases in air for work and living environment generated by the thermal energy equipment and boiler operators are listed in the table below (Table 21). Table 21. Maximum allowed levels (MAL) of smoke gases in air for work and living environment (SRPS Z.BO 001) MAL* for MAL* for living work Chemical substance Unit environment environment 24 h 1h 8h Nitric oxides (NOx) mg/m3 6,0 0,085 0,15 Aliphatic hydrocarbons mg/m3 300 - (AlCH), Tk = 141-200ºC 3 Benzene (C6H6) mg/m 3,0 0,8 3 Toluene (C6H5CH3) mg/m 375 7,5 3 Xylene (C6H4(CH3)2) mg/m 435 - Carbon monoxide (CO) ppm (ml/m3 ) 50 (55) 4,4 (5) 8(10) 3 Carbon dioxide (CO2) mg/m - - 3 Sulfur dioxide (SO2) mg/m 5,0 - * MAL – Maximum allowed levels of smoke gases in air during 8h exposure within work environment in accordance with maximum allowed levels of harmful gases, steam, and aerosols in the work and auxiliary rooms’ atmosphere, SRPS Z.BO 001.

3.4.5. Marginal values of gas emission for specific types of furnaces

Tables 35 i 36 (Error! Reference source not found. i Error! Reference source not found.) shows emission limits for combustion of biomass accordind to standards and lows. For comparison with the conditions in our country, tables 37 and 38 (Error! Reference source not found. i Error! Reference source not found.) shows the data and BEV in Germany and Denmark. Since these values has to br respect, the work of the thermal facility for biomass combustion in Ţagubica must be in specified borders Regulations in Serbia Boiler facilities in Serbia have to meet the regulations of the Government of Republic of Serbia concerning the marginal values of hazardous air pollutants (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, no. 71/2010), for low power furnaces - less than 1 MWth (article 19, apendix II). One should also take into consideration the immission values regulated by the rulebook on borderline values, imission measuring methods, measure locations set up criteria and data records (Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 19/2006). In the following table (Table 22) emission limits for combustion of biomass are given. Table 22. Borderline emission values (BEV) for small solid fuel combustion facilites (Regulation, Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia, No. 71/2010)

Parameter Value Smoke number < 1 3 Carbon monoxide, CO (500 kW do 1 MW) 1.000 mg/nm

3 Nitric oxides, as N2 (100 kW do 1 MW) 250 mg/nm

Volume of O2 (other solid fuels (biomass)) 13% Allowed heat loss (50 kW do 1 MW) 12%

Table below (Table 23) provides marginal values of emissions for gas fuelled furnaces (natural gas). Table 23. Marginal values of emissions(MVE) for small facilities for the combustion of gas fuel (Regulation, “Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia”, no 71/2010)

Parameter Value

3 Carbon monoxide, CO (400 kW do 10 MW) 80 mg/nm

o 3 Nitric oxides, as N2 (water < 110 C, > 0,05 MPa) 100 mg/nm

Volume of O2 3%

Table below (Table 24) provides marginal values of emissions (MVI) of gases in inhabited locations in open space. Table 24. Marginal values of emissions (MVI) of gases, soot, suspended particles and heavy metals, sediment andaero-sediment content, (Rulebook, “Official Gazette of the Republic of Serbia”, no 54/92, 30/99 and 19/2006) Susp. Unit of Contaminant Total CO NO SO Soot parti Pb Cd Zn Hg measure 2 2 cles Gases, soot and µg/m3/day 413,01 5 85 150 50 120 1 0,01 1 1 susp. particle Sediments µg/m2/day 655 - - 250 5 400 Residuals mg/m2/month 450 ------

3.5 Necessary amount of biomass for hourly and seasonal work of the boiler facility

3.5.1. Hourly consumption of biomass

Maximum declared hourly consumption of biomass of the boiler facility in Ţagubica can be calculated as a quotient of declared thermal power of the facility and the product of the degree of usefulness of the facility and thermal power of the fuel (biomass) to be burnt. For the approved starting information, hourly biomass consumption of the facility is: mF = Q · 3600 /  · hd = (560 · 3600) / (0,85 · 18.000) = 131,76 kg/h where are:

 mG - fuel consumption [kg/h],  Q - power of the hot water boiler facility [kW],   - level of efficiency of the boiler facility [-],  hd - lowest thermal power of selected biomass. 3.5.2. Seasonal consumption of biomass

Seasonal consumption of biomass as fuel is subject to change and mostly depends on external i.e. exploitation conditions during the heating season. It has been confirmed that maximum thermal power of heating facility fuelled by biomass is 560 kW and that all larger heat losses will be compensated for by light fuel oil. Based on this, yearly biomass consumption can be calculated by the following equation: mG/year= 24·3.600·e·y·DD·Q /(hd··(tu - ts)) = 24·3.600·0,81·0,8·2.775·560/(18.000·0,85· (20-(-18)) = 116.903,35 kg/year

where are:

e = et * eb - quotient of thermal and exploitation limit, 0,9 x 0,9 = 0,81,

y - correction quotient (pause in heating, wind), 0,8, SD - number of degree-days, 185 dana x 15oC = 2.775 dana, Q - necessary amount of heat for heating [kW], hd - lowest thermal power of the fuel (18.000) [kJ/kg],  - level of efficiency of the facility (0,85), tu - internal temperature of the heated space (20oC) and ts - projected external temperature (-18oC). Since the plan is to store pellets in jumbo size bags 91 · 91 · 180 cm (Figure 30), which contain 1030 kg of pellets, for the whole season a total of 114 jumbo bags is needed. But, because pellets can successively be purchased and ordered to ensure enough supply of pellets for a month, which is 18.957 kg, or 19 jumbo bags, the boiler plant house must have 19 m2 of storage space.Transport of the jumbo bag is best done with a crane truck (Figure 31) or it can be transported by an ordinary truck but there must be a machine which is going to unload the truck.

Figure 30. Jumbo bags Figure 31. Truck with crane

3.6. Economic analyses of construction the heating facility

3.6.1. Current price of the heating energy from the used components

In thermo-energetic facility with the purpose of heating public facilities in Ţagubica main source will be wooden pellets purchased based on the market prices which are based on calculation in Chapter 1.2. is 18,13 din/kg. Price of the combined usage of wood and coal which will be used for comparison in the calculations is 5.833 din/t and 7.500 din/t respectfully with the trend of constant increasing in prices. Comparative prices of the current heating energy produced from 560 kW by combusting wood and coal and new investment where 100% of the required heat energy is produced from biomass, estimated average rate of the efficiency in the facility are submitted in Table 25. Table 25. Analyses of the quantity and prices of heating energy for the period 2011/2012 Used materials No. Parameters for analyse Current boiler Current boiler Wood Wood Wood 1. Price of energy 5,83 din/kg 7,5 din/kg 18,3 din/kg 2. Thermal power (hd) 16.100 kJ/kg 15.927 kJ/kg 18.000 kJ/kg 3. Energy power 4,47 kW/kg 4,4 kW/kg 5,0 kWh/kg The number of heating days per 4. 185 dana 185 dana 185 dana year The number of heating hours per 5. 1850 sati 1850 sati 1850 sati year Nominal thermal power plants 6. 555,6 kW 555,6 kW 560 kW (kW) 7. Hourly energy consumption 45,30 kg/h 163,5 kg/h 131 kg/h 8. The degree of utility plant 0,6 0,6 0,85 9. The total annual fuel consumption 51.451,8 kg 185.698,0 kg 116.903,3 kg The total annual enrgy 10. 828.373.969,9 2.957.613.095,4 2.104.260.365,2 consumption The total annual enrgy 11. 230.103,9 821.559,2 584.516,8 consumption (kWh) 12. Unit cost of thermal energy 1,30 din/kWh 1,70 din/kWh 3,66 din/kWh 13. Total annual energy costs (din) 299.135 din 1.396.650,6 din 2.139.331 din 14. 2.647 evra 12360 evra 18.932 evra 15. TOTAL: 15.007 evra 18.392 * 1 € = 114 dinara From the Table 25 above with the simple comparison we can see that wooden pellets are 26% cheaper from the combined usage of wood and coal, technically speaking. This ratio will be lower when we add in calculation all other related costs mainly in old facility: higher maintenance costs, labor costs, poor boiler efficiency rate,etc.

Table 26. Structure of the total investment

INVESTMENT FINANCIAL SOURCES Bank-funds Own TOTAL I Fixed assets 6.749.576 749.953 7.499.529 1 Reconstruction of the boiler facility 307.800 34.200 342.000 2 Equipment – boiler and process equipment 6.148.160 683.129 6.831.289 3 Heating pipes-instalation and related works 293.616 32.624 326.240 II Project documentation 0 374.976 374.976 III Working capital 0 141.246 141.246 TOTAL INVESTMENT VALUE 6.749.576 1.266.176 8.015.752 (I+II+III)

In the structure of the investment cost of preparation of project documentation is calculated at the rate of 5%. It is estimated that from the own resources 10% of the total investment value will be financed which is on the line with financing conditions from the development funds mentioned bellow in the section 3.8.2.2.b.

3.6.2. Financial effectiveness with the profitability analyses

3.6.2.1. Calculation of incomes and expenses Projection the cost structure of heating energy is showed in Table 27 Table 27. Cost projection of 1kWh of required energy

Structure of production Produced energy Unit price Total amount kWh din/kWh din Heater – biomass (100%) 584.516,80 3,66 2.139.331 TOTAL: 584.516,80 2.139.331 In the projected structure of the cost for 1 kW producesd energy, 100% will be used from new biomass boilers. The average seasonal price of produced 1 kWh of energy for heating 2.626 m2 facility in Ţagubica will be 3,66 din/kWh Table 28. Income statement - current operations

ELEMENTS Unit Unit price Quantity Total amount Structure

(2011.) (%)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

A REVENUE - - - 4.130.698 -

Heating of the premises (production costs) m2 1573,000 2626,00 4.130.698 -

B OPERATING COSTS - - - 1.785.177 -

Material costs(produced energy) din/kWh 1,61 1051663,00 1.693.177 41,00

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Costs of energy (electricity,water) - - 92000,00 92.000 2,23

C TOTAL COSTS (B+E+F1+G1) - - - 4.129.331 -

D GROSS PROFIT (A-B) - - - 2.345.521 -

E GENERAL/ADMIN. EXPENCES - - - 2.189.153 -

Gross salaries worker 813600,00 2,00 1.627.200 39,41

Cost of services(maintainance costs,etc.) - - 507953,23 507.953 12,30

Nonmaterial costs - - - 54.000 1,31

F INCOME WITH DEPRECIATION (D-E) - - - 156.367 -

F1 Depreciation - - - 155.000 3,75

G OPERATING INCOME (F-F1) - - - 1.367 -

G1 Interest costs - - - 0 0,00

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES (G- H - - - 1.367 - G1)

Income taxes - - - 0 -

I NET INCOME (NI) - - - 1.367 -

Purpose of this study was to analyze economic feasibility of the investment in construction and equipping new boiler facility on biomass fuel. Analyses of the current oil boiler facility shows that total costs of production of energy are taken as a base for calculating cost of production of energy in facility of 2.626 m2 and are 1.573 din/m2 so profit basically does not exist since we are calculating savings in costs as a feasibility of the new investment. Table 29. Projected income statement - first year of operations

ELEMENTS Unit Unit price Quantity Total Structure amount (%) (2011.) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

A REVENUE - - - 4.130.698 -

Heating of the premises (production costs 2011.) m2 1573,000 2626,00 4.130.698 -

B OPERATING COSTS - - - 2.221.331 -

Material costs (produced energy) din/kWh 3,66 584516,80 2.139.331 48,85

Costs of energy (electricity,water) - - 82000,00 82000 1,87

C TOTAL COSTS (B+E+F1+G1) - - - 4379647 -

D GROSS PROFIT (A-B) - - - 1.909.367 -

E GENERAL/ADMIN. EXPENCES - - - 1.454.510 -

Gross salaries worker 813600,00 1 813600 18,58

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

Cost of services(maintainance costs,etc.) - - 213933,15 213933 4,88

Nonmaterial costs - - - 426976 9,75

F INCOME WITH DEPRECIATION (D-E) - - - 454.857 -

F1 Depreciation - - - 467571 10,68

G OPERATING INCOME (F-F1) - - - -12.714 -

G1 Interest costs - - - 236235 5,39

INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES (G- H - - - -248.949 - G1)

Income taxes - - - 0 -

I NET INCOME (NI) - - - -248.949 -

In the structure of the revenues in upper table total costs of heating are calculated and based on those costs and lower costs of new investment net income is calculated. This net income represents savings in costs based on new technology and investment in construction and equipping of biomass boiler. Due to the usage of new biomass boilers costs of energy has been gradually increased. Increase of those costs is impact of usage technology of combusting of biomass which requires additional costs.

In firts year of the new investment business is negative, net loss is -248.949 din. while in the following years net income is gradually positive. Projected income statement has been prepared for 5 years with proportional increase of incomes and expences. Table 30. Projected income statement 2012 - 2016. year

Years 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) A REVENUE 4.130.698 4.419.847 4.729.236 5.060.283 5.414.502 Heating of the premises 4.130.698 4.419.847 4.729.236 5.060.283 5.414.502 (production costs 2011) B OPERATING COSTS 2.221.331 2.243.545 2.265.980 2.288.640 2.311.526 Material costs (produced energy) 2.139.331 2.160.725 2.182.332 2.204.155 2.226.197 Costs of energy (electricity,water) 82.000 82.820 83.648 84.485 85.330 C GROSS PROFIT (A-B) 1.909.367 2.176.302 2.463.256 2.771.643 3.102.976 GENERAL/ADMIN. D 1.454.510 1.091.808 1.102.187 1.112.668 1.123.255 EXPENCES Gross salaries 813.600 821.736 829.953 838.253 846.635 Cost of services(maintainance 213.933 216.072 218.233 220.416 222.620 costs,etc.)

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) Nonmaterial costs 426.976 54.000 54.000 54.000 54.000 INCOME WITH E 454.857 1.084.494 1.361.069 1.658.974 1.979.721 DEPRECIATION (C- D) Depreciation 467.571 437.396 409.196 382.840 358.208 F OPERATING INCOME (E-E1) -12.714 647.097 951.873 1.276.134 1.621.513 Interest costs 236.235 192.182 146.586 99.395 50.552 INCOME BEFORE INCOME G -248.949 454.916 805.287 1.176.739 1.570.961 TAXES (F-F1) Income taxes 0 0 0 0 0 H NET INCOME (NI) -248.949 454.916 805.287 1.176.739 1.570.961

Income structure Projected income statement is prepared for 5 years. In the first year operating income is equal to total costs with old boilers. Further in remaining years 7% annual increase is calculated based on the yearly increase of raw energy sources. Structure of the costs Operating costs as well as general/admin. expences are increased 1% on annual bases. In the structure of income statement income tax is not calculated since there is no realized incomes hence investment should decrease cost of energy production. We can conclude that project is profitable from the second year of implementation since net income is positive from the second year. Table 31. Depreciation calculation

No. Description of the fixed assests Investment value Depriciation rate Value 2012.

1. Reconstruction of the boiler facility 6831289 0,066 450.865 Equipment – boiler and process 2. 342.000 0,025 8.550 equipment Heating pipes-instalation and 3. 326.240 0,025 8.156 related works TOTAL: 7.499.529 - 467.571

In calculation of the depreciation rate for item 1, rate is 6,6% for the depreciation period of 15 years. In calculation of the depreciation rate for item 2 and 3, rate is 2,5% for the depreciation period of 40 years.

3.6.2.2. Finansijski i ekonomski tok projekta a) Finansijski tok - je specifičan novčani tok čija je svrha da pokaţe stepen likvidnosti preduzeća. Kao što bilans uspeha zbirno prikazuje sve prihode i sve rashode, finansijski tok

zbirno prikazuje sve prilive i sve odlive novca. U tom smislu finansijski tok je pravi “cash flow”, tj. predstavlja tok novca u uţem smislu.

3.6.2.2. Financial and economic cash flow a) Financial cash flow – is specific cash-flow which purpose is to show enterprise liquidity. As well as income statmenet shows all incomes and expences also financial cash-flow shows all money incomes and costs. Table 32. Financial cash-flow

Years 0 1 2 3 4 5

A INFLOW (1+2+3+4) 8.015.752 4.130.698 4.419.847 4.729.236 5.060.283 11.000.067

1 Total revenue - 4.130.698 4.419.847 4.729.236 5.060.283 5.414.502

2 Source of financing 8.015.752 - - - - -

a/ Loan sources 6.749.576 - - - - -

b/Own capital 1.266.176 - - - - -

Remaining value-fixed 3 - - - - - 5.444.318 assets

Remaining value-working 4 - - - - - 141.246 capital

OUTFLOW B 8.015.752 5.249.577 4.843.918 4.878.496 4.912.440 4.946.793 (5+6+7+8+9+10)

5 Investments 8.015.752 - - - - -

a/Fixed assets 7.499.529 - - - - -

b/Working capital 141.246 78.830 13.660 15.424 16.226 17.106

c/Project documentation 374.976 - - - - -

Material costs (produced 6 - 2.139.331 2.160.725 2.182.332 2.204.155 2.226.197 energy)

Costs of energy 7 - 82.000 82.820 83.648 84.485 85.330 (electricity,water)

8 Gross salaries - 813.600 821.736 829.953 838.253 846.635

9 General/admin. expences - 1.454.510 1.091.808 1.102.187 1.112.668 1.123.255

10 Annuity (1+2) - 1.494.905 1.494.905 1.494.905 1.494.905 1.494.905

1. Interest costs - 236.235 192.182 146.586 99.395 50.552

2.Instalment - 1.258.670 1.302.724 1.348.319 1.395.510 1.444.353

C INCOME (A-B) 0 -1.118.879 -424.072 -149.260 147.843 6.053.274

b) Loan repayment plan In exploring financing sources for the investment current possible funds are: Serbian development fund Loans are available for repayment period of 5 years with the possibility of grace period of one year. Zagubica is in third group with the annual interest rate from 1,5-2,5% 3% with the down payment of 10-30% depends on loan securities. Biggest amount of loans available is 50 million dinars. Table 33. Loan repayment plan Investment-fixed assets 7.499.529 Loan amount (90%) 6.749.576 Interest rate 3,5% Years 5 Yearly number of instalments 4 No. Annual instalment Annual interest rate Annual annuity 1 1.258.670 236.235 1.494.905 2 1.302.724 192.182 1.494.905 3 1.348.319 146.586 1.494.905 4 1.395.510 99.395 1.494.905 5 1.444.353 50.552 1.494.905 6.749.576 724.951 7.474.527

When loan repayment calculated it was considered that loan money for this purposes could be obtained under preffered rates of 3,5% which is the highest than available at the fund. c) Economic flow is cash-flow projected to provide estimation of the profitability but considered over the year of the project implementation. Economic flow in his inflows consider total revenue plus remaining value of the fixed assets and does not include source of financing. They are not considered since in the profitability computation should be seen at what extend and period project can pay back investments. On the other hand in the outflows all investment costs are considered. Becouse of this in the expences depreciation is not calculated, if this should have been done “costs” related to fixed assets would be counted twice. Table 34. Economic flow of the project

Years 0 1 2 3 4 5 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) A INFLOW (1+2+3) 0 4.130.698 4.419.847 4.729.236 5.060.283 11.000.067 1 Total revenue 0 4.130.698 4.419.847 4.729.236 5.060.283 5.414.502 Remaining value-fixed 2 - - - - - 5.444.318 assets

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) Remaining value-working 3 - - - - - 141.246 capital B OUTFLOW (4+5+6+7+8) 8.015.752 3.754.671 3.349.013 3.383.591 3.417.535 3.451.887 4 Investments 8.015.752 - - - - - a/Fixed assets 7.499.529 - - - - - b/Working capital 141.246 78.830 13.660 15.424 16.226 17.106 c/Project documentation 374.976 - - - - - Material costs (produced 5 - 2.139.331 2.160.725 2.182.332 2.204.155 2.226.197 energy) Costs of energy 6 - 82.000 82.820 83.648 84.485 85.330 (electricity,water) 7 Gross salaries - 813.600 821.736 829.953 838.253 846.635 8 General/admin. expences - 1.454.510 1.091.808 1.102.187 1.112.668 1.123.255 C INCOME (A-B) -8.015.752 376.027 1.070.834 1.345.645 1.642.748 7.548.179 3.6.2.3. Feasibility evaluation of the project When the table of the economic flow is projected and appropriate incomes are calculated (net- incomes) this is the point when project valuation can start. Investment projects are basically rated according to the two type of the ratios: first is based on the static parameters (static evaluation) and second are based on dynamic parameters (dynamic evaluation) of the project efficiency. Static evaluation is based on individual ratios that are calculated from the income statement and financial cash-flow and from balance sheet from the “representative year” of the project implementation (normaly it is 5th year). In our case we will use as reference year third year of project implementation. Number of ratios that will be calculated are:  Profitability ratio  Cost of the project ratio  Accumulation ratio Dynamic evaluation - with this evaluation is is foreseen to calculate two major parametars, liquidity and profitability of the investments. Numbers of ratios that will be calculated are:  Time of return of investments  Liquidity of the project (liquidity in certain year of the implementation and general liquidity which will be assessed by comparing cumulative inflows and outflows)  Internal rate of return  Net present value

3.6.2.3.1 Static evaluation of the project In order to asses static parametars values from the income statement are used for the year 2014 since project liquidity is from the first year of project implementation. a) Profitability ratio Profitability rate = ( Net income : Total revenues x 100 )

R = 805.287 / 4.729.236 x 100 = 17,0% b) Cost of the project ratio Cost of the project rate (Total revenues : Total expences x 100 )

E = 4.729.236 / 3.923.949 x 100 = 121% c) Accumulation ratio Accumulation rate (Net income / Total investment x 100)

A = 805.287 / 8.015.752 X 100 = 10,0% Accumulation rate was calculated in relation to the total investment value for the project. 3.6.2.3.1 Dynamic evaluation of the project a) Time of return of investments Time of return of investments shows the period of time that money invested in project will be returned to investor. In this calculation time of return was calculated based on the value of total investment. Net incomes are basicaly decreased costs compared to ”old investment”. Calculation of this ratio is relatively strait: amounts of annual net incomes are deducted from amounts of annual investments in economic flow. Table 35. Time of return of investments

Years in project implementation Net incomes Unpaid investment instalment "O" -8.015.752 2012 376.027 7.639.725 2013 1.070.834 6.568.892 2014 1.345.645 5.223.246 2015 1.642.748 3.580.498 2016 7.548.179 -3.967.681 VPI = 4,2 Time of return of investments is 4,2 years. Since investment amount is relatively high this is optimum period of return of investments having in mind that 100% of the investment is compared, amount that will be borrowed from investment funds. Structure of net incomes is optimal and this time of return could be shorter which will depend on costs of materials,

amount of the investments as well as from management which will be separately evaluated later in sensitivity analyses. b) Liquidity of the project Based on the projected financial cash-flow analyses it can be concluded that project liquidity is full in whole implementation period of 5 years. We can conclude that project is liquid from the first year of project implementation. This is mainly becouse of high reduction in costs and investment is feasible since liquidity is not in danger. c) Internal rate of return

Table 36. Internal rate of return calculation

Discount rate 5,0% Year Net incomes Discount rate Net present value 0 -8.015.752 1,00000000 -8.015.752 1 376.027 0,95238095 358.120 2 1.070.834 0,90702948 971.278 3 1.345.645 0,86383760 1.162.419 4 1.642.748 0,82270247 1.351.493 5 7.548.179 0,78352617 5.914.196 NSV: 1.741.754

Discount rate 10,0% Year Net incomes Discount rate Net present value 0 -8.015.752 1,00000000 -8.015.752 1 376.027 0,90909091 341.842 2 1.070.834 0,82644628 884.987 3 1.345.645 0,75131480 1.011.003 4 1.642.748 0,68301346 1.122.019 5 7.548.179 0,62092132 4.686.826

NSV: 30.925

IRR= 10,1

Internal rate of return is calculated as follows: 5 + [1.741.754 x (10 - 5) : (1.741.754 +30.925)]= 10,1%

Since calculated amount of IRR = 10,1% is higher from weighted value of the discount rate which relates to the financial interest rate (3,5%), and based of this calculation project is acceptable to be implemented. d) Net present value of the project Method of discounted cash-flow (DCF) value represents sum of present values of future cash- flows that company generates. It is important to calculate future values of cash-flows which are further discounted with related rate which represents business risk with evaluate present values. Table 37. Relative net present value calculation

Discount rate 10,00% Year Net incomes Discount rate Net present value 0 -8.015.752 1,00000000 -8.015.752 1 376.027 0,90909091 341.842 2 1.070.834 0,82644628 884.987 3 1.345.645 0,75131480 1.011.003 4 1.642.748 0,68301346 1.122.019 5 7.548.179 0,62092132 4.686.826 3.967.681 NSV: 30.925

RNPV= 0,4

Relative net present value is calculated as follows: RNPV= 30.925 / 8.015.752 X 100 = 0,4%

3.6.2.4. Sensitivity analyses and risk assesment 3.6.2.4.1. Static sensitivity analyses Is related to the analyses of the critical break-even point, to evaluate static points in business where results are changed from positive to negative. Variables that are mostly calculated are: (i) minimum utilization rate; (ii) profitability break- even point a) Minimum utilization rate ratio This indicator represents break even point in utilization of the production capacity, i.e. determines the lowest capacity utilization where business is still generates profit. This ratio is calculated as follows: Utilization rate ratio (%)= Total fixed costs / Revenues – variable costs Utilization rate ratio = 67,3% compared to year 2014

Table 38. Profitability break even point

Years 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 Total revenue 4.130.698 4.419.847 4.729.236 5.060.283 5.414.502 2 Variable costs 2.221.331 2.243.545 2.265.980 2.288.640 2.311.526 3 Fixed costs 2.158.316 1.721.387 1.657.969 1.594.904 1.532.015 4 Gross margin(TR-VC) 1.909.367 2.176.302 2.463.256 2.771.643 3.102.976 Profitability brak even 5 4.669.272 3.495.960 3.183.156 2.911.870 2.673.272 point FC/TR-VC Fixed/margin rate 113,0% 79,1% 67,3% 57,5% 49,4%

From the above calculations we can conclude that project for construction and instalation of thermoenergetic facility is profitable, break even point-costs of production per 1m2decrease is from 20,9% untill 50,6% in full implementation year. 3.6.2.4.2. Dynamic sensitivity analyses Is related to the analyses of the type and direction of the changes of dynamic parametars of effectiveness when chosed variables are changed. Variables that are most commonly analysed are: - Input costs – changes are analysed based on the changes of input costs for the related investment - Investment costs – changes related to the different construction, equipment costs, etc. are analysed Table 39. Dynamic sensitivity analyses Parametars % change TRoI PR IRR RNPV Input costs Cost of produced energy -10,00 4,1 22,00% 12,6 11,7 Cost of produced energy +10,00 4,4 12,00% 7,2 -10,9 Investment costs IV -10,00 4,1 17,00% 11,0 4,3 Own contribution : loan 30 - 70 3,8 18,00% 16,7 39,6 Own contribution : loan 50 - 50 3,1 18,00% 21 88,6 Best scenario IV -10,00 Own contribution : loan 50 - 50 3,0 22,00% 21,8 94,8 TRoI – Time of return of investments, PR – Profitability rate, IRR – Internal rate of return, RNPV – Relative net present value, IV – Investment value

From the results of this analyses the following conclusions are: Scenario - Input costs changed  There is much lower degree of sensitivity to variation in the price of pellets which has a positive effect on profitability and payback time. If contracted supply of pellets from local companies it is expected that price will be stable comparing with constant increase of natural gas prices. Scenario - Investment costs changed  Higher degree of sensitivity is If investments are more efficient i.e. lower, there will be decrease in TRoI, IRR and RNPV will be higher. It is expected that when business plan for final investment and tender will be realized prices of investment will drop from 5-15% respectively.  If investment would be financed 100% by loans it would be still possible to take loan from commercial banks since IRR is slightly positive while profitability is still high thus development funds will be the main sources of financing. Best case scenario  Focus in next period should be in optimization of the investments and usage of development funds from IPA preaccesion programs for financing projects 3.6.2.4.3. Potential risk analyses In this chapter we will analyze the following: 1. Rekonstruction of the existing boiler facility and exchange of the current boiler with the biomass one In Table 40 potential risk analyses is presented with type of risk and preventive measures for the investment of thermoenergetic facility Table 40. Potential risk analyses No. Risk type NO/YES Preventive measure Keeping energy prices on stable level. Prices of Reducing the need for 1. NO energy could be controled, even decreased if service boilers are replaced Irregularity in supply of raw NO 2. Slabile contracts for biomass suply materials or spare parts Unequal quality of raw NO 3. Slabile contracts for biomass suply materials or spare parts NO Additional training for working with new 4. Lack of skilled labor boilers Changing the value of money 5. YES Stable financing resources in country Changing prices for raw YES 6. Slabile contracts for biomass suply materials YES Project should be fully adopted with the EU 9. Changed market regulations requirements in next 5-10 years

2. Improving current efficiency of the boilers and heating systems by introducing short term investments Table 41. Anylizes of the cost savings vs. new investments

TYPE OF WORKS Energy savings Investments (din) Ratio-energy savings (per year) vs. investments

Styrofoam instalation 262.117,73 1.797.552,00 1:6,8 Instalation of the windows 309.079,97 5.576.000,00 1:18 Instalation of termostatic valves 119.509,50 151.590,00 1:1,2 TOTAL: 690.707,21 7.525.142,00 1:8,6

From the current table we can see overview of the potential construction works. We could notice that with the styrofoam instalation investment value is 6,8 times higher compared to annual cost savings. With the instalation of the windows investment value is 18 times higher compared to annual cost savings, while with the instalation of termostatic valves investment is 0,2 times higher compared to annual cost savings. From this analyse we can conclude the following: - since the age of the current boilers is over 40 years, there is a very high risk to finance full investment while still old boilers needs to be changed sooner or later - only feasible short term action is instalation of termostatic valves since their value could be returned in short period of time 3.6.2.5. Analyses of financial sources and financial liabilities In the projected investment 90% of the investment will be provided from the loan, while another 10% will be from own resources or other grant sources. It is estimated that loans will be taken from domestic resources (National investment fund, Vojvodina development fund, Serbian development fund, etc.). For the remaining 10% there should be subsidies obtained from Serbian funds as well as EU pre accesion funds for improving energy efficiency on local level. 3.6.3. Economic evaluation of the project Major conclusions of the economic evaluation – investment feasibility of the thermoenergetic facility for heating public facility in Ţagubica Municipality are as follows:  Liquidity of the project after third year of investment  Project need to provide 10% of own financial resources  Cost of the project ratio is (121%) and accumulation ratio is (10,0%)  Project is profitable (17,2%) in all implementation years  Time of return of investments is 4 years and 2 months  Project is with low risk

 Public approval is high – biomass will be obtained from local fields and dependance on used wood and coal will be reduced with the good impact of environment 3.6.4. Summarized economic feasibility investment evaluation Based on the proposed technology, analyses of economic parameters as well as finacial analyses overall conclusions are:  Study shows that investment in biomass boilers is feasible for heating choosed public facilities in Ţagubica Municipality  Economic parameters are positive for usage of biomass in region of Ţagubica Municipality which affects increased household incomes  Looking in the long term there will be reduced usage of natural wood and coal which will have positive impact on the environment as well as reduction of gas emmisions with usage of modern boilers  Stability of supply of raw materials and price stability of heating costs will be achieved as well as decrease of heating costs will be obtained on the long run:

Worst case scenario – is if 90% of the loan is taken from development fund and if energy price increase for 10% (Table 39), but in this scenario all results are positive, profitability rate is 12%, IRR is 7,2%, time of the ivestment return is 4,4 years. Optimum scenario – 30% potential subsidy/grant and loan from development fund of 70% (Table 39). Results are very positive, time of the ivestment return is 3,8 years, IRR is 16,7% and after this period price of heating per 1 m2 could drop by 42-45% (Table 38). The best case scenario – 50% potential subsidy/grant and loan from even commertial of 50% (Table 39). and increase in investment costs of 10%. IRR here is 21,8% , time of the ivestment return is 3,0 years godine and after this period price of heating per 1 m2 could drop by 33-35% (Table 38)

3.7. Conclusions

Ţagubica municipality has at its disposal 36,773 ha of agricultural soil and 37.874 ha of forests. Total average sown area is 11.008 ha, with 3.500 ha under corn, 2000 ha under wheat, 800 ha under oats, 700 ha under barley. Other cultures hold less area. It is estimated that the total amount of agricultural biomass that can be gained from aforementioned agricultural land is 28.750 t annually, when it would be converted into energy 395.040.000 MJ of thermal energy would be gained. Large and only partially used source of biomass occures from forestry and wood-processing industry, so from these brancehes there is 149.600 t of available biomass, or 2.318.800.000 MJ if it would be converted to energy. The total savings that can be achieved in terms of energy amounts are 1.273.297.348 MJ, and that amount of energy would enable the municipality of Ţagubica to build thermal power plant of over 40 MW. In paricular it can be saved 41.811.033 € from all available biomass. The most important criteria when selecting public use property to be heated by thermal energy gained from biomass combustion are:  that they are public use properties significant to local self-government,  that there is one or more facilities, that have need for large amount of thermal energy,  taht facilities location is not intertwined with existing piping systems (central heating system of city), i.e. that they are located in places where city’s central heating network will not reach in foreseeable future,  that selected locations have enough space for the construction the boiler plant and smaller biomass depot, including physical separation from existing units, (manly due to hygienic and fire safety requirements),  that the location for construction of the facility is in the vicinity of existing gas or liquid fuel powered boilers, so that systems of boiler facilities can work complementarily, i.e. to use joint collectors,  that properties have satisfactory internal pipe network of heating units or that it doesn’t have any installations so the internal heating installation of adequate technical characteristics can be designed and built,  that the owner of the location where the boiler plant and depot are planned is known,  that pipe installation between several selected objects will not be overly long and complex for construction,  that there are adequate access roads for depot facilities for delivery of biomass for combustion and other purposes.

Considering set criteria and on the basis of the perceived situation of properties of stated public services and institutions in the Ţagubica municipality, as well as on the basis of the proposal of municipal management, and in agreement with the representative of UNDP Serbia, it has been decided that heating with the system powered by biomass uses for generating heat for two public facilities in Ţagubica:  Elementary School „Moše Pijade“  Elementary School „Moše Pijade“ kitchen Starting with selected types and forms of biomass to be used for combustion, spatial limitations, ecological and legal norms and standards with the imperative for minimal expenses for the Ţagubica municipality thermo energetic facility where wood pellets burned by a stoker with a moving andiron. The technology suggested has several important advantages that could be briefly described as the following:  It combusts fuel (wood pellets) which is very common on the Serbian market. The fuel could be bought successively, i. e. as needed, which means that it is not necessary to buy the total amount of fuel needed once a year,  Combustion of wood pellets could be completely automated with a total mechanization of the pellet manipulation process,  Emission of harmful gasses could be maintained in the allowed limits,  The wood pallet combustion plant could be put in various modes,  While working in this plant, the wood pellets will not be affected by the problems of solubility as is the case with combustion of biomass form the agricultural production. It is defined that thermal energy facility for heating of selected facilitirs in Ţagubica should operate on wood pellets, and as such must satisfy the following technical, economic and ecological requirements:  That it produces required quantity of energy (560 kW),  That existing equipment and infrastructure be used optimally,  That high level of cost effectiveness ensured in the operation of the facility, i.e. a competitive cost of production of thermal energy compared to production where wood and coal is used,  That environment pollution is in accordance with local and European norms,  That a high level of reliability and availability of the facility be ensured in all work modes,  That modern level of work management and control be ensured in both facilities,  That modern level of maintenance beensured with minimal expenses,  That during the manipulation of bales of biomass for combustion satisfactory hygienic conditions be maintained,

It is expected that energy efficiency of the facilities for combustion of wood pellets in Ţagubica, during the work with wood pellets of 12% moisture,will be 85%. The new boiler is going to work in 90/70oC regime, since the current heating system operates in that regime. For the preparation of the sanitary water, in the new boiler room, provided is a standing hot water boiler made of stainless material, with a volume of V=300 l. Expenses for the construction of the thermal energy facility for heating of public use properties in Ţagubica are 7.874.505 din, for the value of euro of 114 din/€.  Thermo-technical an processing equipment 6.831.289 din  Reconstruction of a boiler room building 342.000 din  Equopment and works for improvement of internal regulation heating system with the installation of thermostatic valves 326.240 din  Project documentation (5%) 374.976 din. Jedinične cene investicije iznose:  Comapred to insalled power: 14.061,62 din/kW  Compared to heating area: 2.998,67 din/m2 Maximum declared hourly expenditure of biomass in the boiler facility is 131.6 kg/h. Seasonal consumption of biomass as fuel is subject to change and mostly depends of external i.e. exploitation conditions during the heating season. According to total losses of selected public use properties in Ţagubica is necessary to provide 116.9 t/heating season of biomass (decided on wood pellets). Pellets will be purchased in the continuity from the market and they will be stored in the existing coal storage in jumbo bags, so there is no need for construction of any storages. Transport of pellets to boiler facility should be conceived that onecs a mounth a truck with crain brings 19 jumbo bags with pellets. Economic evaluation of the project Major conclusions of the economic evaluation – investment feasibility of the thermoenergetic facility for heating public facility in Ţagubica Municipality are as follows:  Liquidity of the project after third year of investment  Project need to provide 10% of own financial resources  Cost of the project ratio is (121%) and accumulation ratio is (10,0%)  Project is profitable (17,2%) in all implementation years  Time of return of investments is 4 years and 2 months  Project is with low risk

 Public approval is high – biomass will be obtained from local fields and dependance on used wood and coal will be reduced with the good impact of environment Summarized economic feasibility investment evaluation Based on the proposed technology, analyses of economic parameters as well as finacial analyses overall conclusions are:  Study shows that investment in biomass boilers is feasible for heating choosed public facilities in Zagubica Municipality  Economic parameters are positive for usage of biomass in region of Zagubica Municipality which affects increased household incomes  Looking in the long term there will be reduced usage of natural wood and coal which will have positive impact on the environment as well as reduction of gas emmisions with usage of modern boilers  Stability of supply of raw materials and price stability of heating costs will be achieved as well as decrease of heating costs will be obtained on the long run:

3.8. Literature

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4. APPENDIX

A. TEXT APPEDNDIX

01. CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS OF HEAT 02. BILL OF QUANTITIES OF BUILDING A NEW BOILER ROOM

B. GRAPHICAL APPENDIX

01. OVERVIEW OF OBJECT TO SETTLEMENT SATELLITE IMAGE 02. SITE PLAN 03. GOROUND FLOOR WITH HEATING INSTALLATIONS 04. FIRST FLOOR WITH HEATING INSTALLATIONS 05. TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME 06. CONNECTION OF ELEMETS IN THE BOILER ROOM - SCHEME 07. CONNECTING OF ELEMENTS IN THE BOILER ROOM

TECHNICAL CALCULATIONS

STATUS OF ROOMS

Room Room Room temp. Heat losses Room number name in winter mode in the room status

- - tp Q - - - oC W -

01 02 03 04 05

GROUND FLOOR

T O T A L: 388049

UPGRADED (FIRST) FLOOR

T O T A L: 76619

KITCHEN BUILDING

1.K HALL 15 2394 TREATED 2.K DINNING ROOM 20 39904 TREATED 3.K KITCHEN 20 10663 TREATED 4.K KITCHEN STORAGE 15 2019 NOT TREATED 5.K HALL 3 61 NOT TREATED 6.K TOILET (STAFF ONLY) 18 1632 TREATED 7.K HALL 15 2695 TREATED 8.K TOILET 14 759 NOT TREATED 9.K HALL 15 163 TREATED 10.K ROOM 1 20 1523 TREATED 11.K ROOM 2 20 3823 TREATED 12.K ROOM 3 20 5173 TREATED 13.K ROOM 4 20 2325 TREATED 14.K TOILET 10 183 TREATED 15.K STORAGE 15 1259 NOT TREATED 16.K HALL 20 2034 TREATED

T O T A L: 76609 SUMMARY

GROUND FLOOR 388049 UPGRADED (FIRST) FLOOR 76619 KITCHEN BUILDING 76609

T O T A L: 541276 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT TECHNICAL CALCULATIONS

Material Thickness Heat transfer coeff. Thermal resistance

- d l R - m W/mK m2K/W

01 02 03 04

OUTER WALL - type 01

Mortar 0,020 0,850 0,02 Hollow brick block 0,250 0,760 0,33 Mortar 0,020 0,850 0,02 T O T A L: 0,290 0,38 Thermal resistance from the inside 0,13 Air layer thermal resistance - Thermal resistance from the outside 0,04 TOTAL THERMAL RESISTANCE: 0,54 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 1,84

INNER WALL - type 01

Mortar 0,020 0,850 0,02 Hollow brick block 0,200 0,760 0,26 Mortar 0,020 0,850 0,02 T O T A L: 0,240 0,31 Thermal resistance from the inside 0,13 Air layer thermal resistance - Thermal resistance from the outside 0,04 TOTAL THERMAL RESISTANCE: 0,48 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 2,09

INNER WALL - type 02

Mortar 0,020 0,850 0,02 Hollow brick block 0,120 0,760 0,16 Mortar 0,020 0,850 0,02 T O T A L: 0,160 0,20 Thermal resistance from the inside 0,13 Air layer thermal resistance - Thermal resistance from the outside 0,04 TOTAL THERMAL RESISTANCE: 0,37 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 2,68

ROOF

Rectangular folded sheet 1 mm - - - Staf 5x3 cm (5 cm air cavity) - - - Board 0,024 0,210 0,11 T O T A L: 0,024 0,11 Thermal resistance from the inside 0,13 Air layer thermal resistance - Thermal resistance from the outside 0,04 TOTAL THERMAL RESISTANCE: 0,28 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 3,54

ROOF - UPGRADE

Rectangular folded sheet 1 mm - - - Staf 5x3 cm (5 cm air cavity) 0,050 - - Waterproofing 1mm - - - Board 0,024 0,210 0,114 Glass wool 0,050 0,038 1,316 Gypsum board 0,018 0,210 0,086 T O T A L: 0,142 1,52 Thermal resistance from the inside 0,13 Air layer thermal resistance - Thermal resistance from the outside 0,04 TOTAL THERMAL RESISTANCE: 1,68 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 0,59

ROOF - SPORTS ROOM

Rectangular folded sheet 1 mm - - - Staf 5x3 cm (5 cm air cavity) - - - Waterproofing 1mm - - - Board 0,024 0,210 0,114 Air 0,100 6,250 0,016 Gypsum board 0,018 0,580 0,031 T O T A L: 0,142 0,16 Thermal resistance from the inside 0,13 Air layer thermal resistance - Thermal resistance from the outside 0,04 TOTAL THERMAL RESISTANCE: 0,33 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 3,02

ATTIC

Gypsum board 0,018 0,580 0,03 Mortar with reed 0,020 1,860 0,01 T O T A L: 0,038 0,04 Thermal resistance from the inside 0,13 Air layer thermal resistance - Thermal resistance from the outside 0,04 TOTAL THERMAL RESISTANCE: 0,21 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 4,77

STRUCTURAL FLOOR TO UPGRADE

Glazed ceramic tiles 0,010 0,870 0,011 Cement screed 0,050 1,400 0,036 Concrete slab 0,140 2,330 0,060 Mortar 0,020 0,850 0,024 T O T A L: 0,220 0,13 Thermal resistance from the inside 0,17 Air layer thermal resistance - Thermal resistance from the outside 0,13 TOTAL THERMAL RESISTANCE: 0,43 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 2,35

STRUCTURAL FLOOR TO UPGRADE

Linoleum 0,004 0,019 0,21 Cement screed 0,050 1,400 0,04 Concrete slab 0,140 2,330 0,06 Mortar 0,020 0,850 0,02 T O T A L: 0,214 0,33 Thermal resistance from the inside 0,17 Air layer thermal resistance - Thermal resistance from the outside 0,13 TOTAL THERMAL RESISTANCE: 0,62 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 1,60 FLOOR ON THE GROUND

Terazzo 0,010 1,200 0,01 Grout - cement mortar 0,030 1,400 0,02 Easily reinforced concrete 0,080 2,330 0,03 PVC - foil - - - Condor - waterproof material - - - Charged concrete 0,150 - - T O T A L: 0,270 0,06 Thermal resistance from the inside 0,17 Air layer thermal resistance - Thermal resistance from the outside 0,13 TOTAL THERMAL RESISTANCE: 0,36 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 2,78

STRUCTURAL FLOOR TO THE KITCHEN

Board 0,024 0,210 0,114 Air 0,150 0,025 6,000 Board 0,024 0,210 0,114 Mortar with reed 0,020 1,860 0,011 T O T A L: 0,218 6,24 Thermal resistance from the inside 0,17 Air layer thermal resistance - Thermal resistance from the outside 0,13 TOTAL THERMAL RESISTANCE: 6,53 HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 0,15

EXTERNAL DOOR

HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 5,86

INTERNAL DOOR

HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 3,49

EXTERNAL WINDOW

HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 2,91 EXTERNAL METALIC WINDOW

HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 5,81

INTERNAL WINDOW

HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT k W/m2K 3,80 HEAT LOSS CALCULATION

Heat loss calculation is done according to the formula:

Qg = Qt + Qd

Here is:

Qt - Transmission heat losses [W]

Transmission heat losses calculation is done according to the formula:

Qt = k x F x (tp - ts)

Here is:

2 k - Heat transfer coefficient through the barrier [W/m K] F - Barrier area [m2]

tp - Design temperature in the room [C]

ts - External design temperature in winter mode [C]:

Qd - Heat loss from supplements [W]

Heat loss from supplements is done according to the formula:

Qd = Qss + Qp + Qv

Here is:

Qss - Supplements to the side of world [W]

Qp - Supplements to the discontinuation of work [W]

Qv - Supplement to the outside air blowing through the windows joints [W]

Supplement to the outside air blowing through the windows joints is done according to the formula:

Qv = e * [S(a1 * l1) + S(a2 * l2)] * R * H * (tp - ts)

Ovde je:

e - Height correction factor 2 2/3 a1 - Permeability through the outer window [m /mhPa ] 2 2/3 a2 - Permeability through the outer door [m /mhPa ]

l1 - Gap length window [m]

l1 - Length of the neck joints [m] R - Characteristics of the room H - Performance of the building Barrier Orien- Num. of Barrier Heat tran. Room Temp. Temper. Specific Barrier Barrier Barrier Heat mark tation peaces thickness coeff. temp. beh. barr. differ. heat flux length height area flux

- - n d k tp ts Dt q L H F Q - - - m W/m2K oC oC K W/m2 m m m2 W

01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13

G R O U N D F L O O R

ROOM NAME: MAIN HALL ROOM NUMBER: 1

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 15 ROOM ORIENTATION W

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS W 1 0,29 1,84 15 -18 33 60,66 3,85 2,60 10,01 607 SV W 1 - 4,02 15 -18 33 132,72 3,50 2,05 7,18 952 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 15 20 -5 -9,19 5,30 2,60 13,78 -127 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 15 15 0 0,00 3,00 2,60 7,80 0 VU - 1 - 1,40 15 15 0 0,00 2,85 2,05 5,84 0 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 15 20 -5 -10,46 2,80 2,60 7,28 -76 VU - 1 - 1,40 15 20 -5 -6,99 1,00 2,05 2,05 -14 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 15 20 -5 -10,46 3,70 2,60 9,62 -101 VU - 1 - 1,40 15 20 -5 -6,99 1,50 2,05 3,08 -22 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 15 4 11 29,49 1,95 2,60 5,07 150 VU - 1 - 0,81 15 4 11 8,90 0,70 2,05 1,44 13 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 15 4 11 29,49 1,60 2,60 4,16 123 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 15 -5 20 95,33 - - 27,62 2633 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 15 3 12 33,42 - - 27,62 923 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 5061

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 759

Dt =33 a1 =1,00 a2 = 2,00 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =6,16 l2 = 22,80 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 1998

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 2758

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 7819

ROOM NAME: SMALL KITCHEN ROOM NUMBER: 2

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 4 ROOM ORIENTATION W CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS W 1 0,29 1,84 4 -18 22 40,44 1,83 2,60 4,76 192 PS W 1 - 1,07 4 -18 22 23,58 1,40 0,90 1,26 30 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 4 15 -11 -29,49 1,47 2,60 3,82 -113 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 4 15 -11 -29,49 1,83 2,60 4,76 -140 VU - 1 - 0,81 4 15 -11 -8,90 0,70 2,05 1,44 -13 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 4 20 -16 -33,46 1,47 2,60 3,82 -128 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 4 -5 9 42,90 1,84 1,47 2,70 116 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 7 3 4 11,14 1,84 1,47 2,70 30 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = -25

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = -4

Dt =22 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =1,26 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 32

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 29

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 3

ROOM NAME: TEACHER'S OFFICE ROOM NUMBER: 3

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION SW

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS W 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 6,30 2,60 16,38 1144 ZS N 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 2,40 2,60 6,24 436 ZS S 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 7,70 2,60 20,02 1398 PS S 2 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 3,60 1,50 5,40 440 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 6,30 2,60 16,38 0 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 4 16 33,46 1,60 2,60 4,16 139 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 15 5 10,46 3,70 2,60 9,62 101 VU - 1 - 1,40 20 15 5 6,99 1,50 2,05 3,08 22 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 7,70 6,30 48,51 5781 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 7,70 6,30 48,51 2297 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 11757

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD -5% Qss = -588

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 1764

Dt =38 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =20,40 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 1,20

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 1209

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 2385

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 14142 ROOM NAME: PRINCIPAL'S OFFICE ROOM NUMBER: 4

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION E

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS S 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 4,15 3,00 12,45 870 PS S 1 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 3,00 1,50 4,50 183 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 6,30 3,00 18,90 0 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 6,30 3,00 18,90 0 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 3,25 3,00 9,75 0 VU - 1 - 1,40 20 20 0 0,00 0,90 2,60 2,34 0 PO - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 6,30 3,25 20,48 2440 TA - 1 0,27 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 6,30 3,25 20,48 969 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 4462

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 669

Dt =38 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =10,40 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 462

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 1132

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 5594

ROOM NAME: SECRETARY'S OFFICE ROOM NUMBER: 5

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION -

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 3,25 2,60 8,45 0 VU - 1 - 1,40 20 20 0 0,00 0,90 2,05 1,85 0 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 15 5 10,46 2,50 2,60 6,50 68 VU - 1 - 1,40 20 15 5 6,99 1,00 2,05 2,05 14 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 2,50 2,60 6,50 0 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 15 5 10,46 3,25 2,60 8,45 88 PU - 1 - 1,71 20 15 5 8,54 3,25 1,50 4,88 42 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 3,25 2,50 8,13 968 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 3,25 2,50 8,13 385 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 1565

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 235

Dt =38 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOINTS l1 =0,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 0 HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 235

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 1800

ROOM NAME: HALL 1 ROOM NUMBER: 6

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 15 ROOM ORIENTATION -

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 15 15 0 0,00 3,00 2,60 7,80 0 VU - 1 - 3,77 15 15 0 0,00 2,85 2,05 5,84 0 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 15 20 -5 -10,46 3,30 2,60 8,58 -90 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 15 20 -5 -10,46 6,30 2,60 16,38 -171 VU - 1 - 1,40 15 20 -5 -6,99 1,50 2,05 3,08 -22 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 15 15 0 0,00 2,60 2,60 6,76 0 VU - 1 - 0,81 15 15 0 0,00 1,50 2,05 3,08 0 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 15 -5 20 95,33 3,25 6,30 20,48 1952 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 15 3 12 33,42 3,25 6,30 20,48 684 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 2354

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 353

Dt =33 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =0,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 0

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 353

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 2707

ROOM NAME: HALL EVENTS - THEATRE ROOM NUMBER: 7

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION N

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS N 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 20,15 3,60 72,54 5067 PS N 5 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 3,80 2,80 10,64 2167 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 15 5 10,46 6,30 3,60 22,68 237 VU - 1 - 1,40 20 15 5 6,99 1,50 2,05 3,08 22 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 6,30 3,60 22,68 0 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 3,80 3,60 13,68 0 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 15 5 10,46 3,92 3,60 14,11 148 VU - 1 - 1,40 20 15 5 6,99 1,50 2,05 3,08 22 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 8,60 3,60 30,96 0 VU - 2 - 1,40 20 20 0 0,00 0,90 2,05 1,85 0 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 15 5 10,46 4,15 3,60 14,94 156 VU - 1 - 1,40 20 15 5 6,99 0,90 2,05 1,85 13 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 7,40 3,60 26,64 0 VU - 2 - 1,40 20 20 0 0,00 0,90 2,05 1,85 0 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 -5 25 45,96 20,15 1,00 20,15 926 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 20,15 7,70 155,16 18490 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 20,15 7,70 155,16 7345 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 34591

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 5% Qss = 1730

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 5189

Dt =38 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =52,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 2312

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 9230

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 43822

ROOM NAME: LIBRARY ROOM NUMBER: 8

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION S

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS S 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 3,25 2,60 8,45 590 PS - 1 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 3,90 1,50 5,85 238 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 7,60 2,60 19,76 0 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 7,60 2,60 19,76 0 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 4,15 2,60 10,79 0 VU - 1 - 1,40 20 20 0 0,00 0,90 2,05 1,85 0 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 7,60 4,15 31,54 3759 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 7,60 4,15 31,54 1493 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 6080

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD -5% Qss = -304

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 912

Dt =38 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =10,80 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 480

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 1088

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 7168

ROOM NAME: CLASSROOM SOUTH WING ROOM NUMBER: 9

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION S

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS S 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 4,15 2,60 10,79 754 PS - 1 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 3,90 1,50 5,85 238 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 7,60 2,60 19,76 0 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 15 5 9,19 4,10 2,60 10,66 98 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 3,50 2,60 9,10 636 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 4,15 2,60 10,79 0 VU - 1 - 1,40 20 20 0 0,00 0,90 2,05 1,85 0 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 4,15 7,60 31,54 3759 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 4,15 7,60 31,54 1493 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 6977

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD -5% Qss = -349

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 1047

Dt =38 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =10,80 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 480

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 1178

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 8155

ROOM NAME: TOILET SOUTH WING ROOM NUMBER: 10

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 15 ROOM ORIENTATION S

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS S 1 0,29 1,84 15 -18 33 60,66 3,55 2,60 9,23 560 PS - 1 - 1,07 15 -18 33 35,37 1,60 0,60 0,96 34 PS - 1 - 1,07 15 -18 33 35,37 1,40 0,60 0,84 30 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 15 20 -5 -9,19 4,15 2,60 10,79 -99 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 15 20 -5 -9,19 4,15 2,60 10,79 -99 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 15 20 -5 -9,19 3,55 2,60 9,23 -85 VU - 1 - 1,65 15 20 -5 -8,26 0,90 2,05 1,85 -15 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 15 -5 20 95,33 3,55 4,15 14,73 1405 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 15 3 12 33,42 3,55 4,15 14,73 492 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 2222

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD -5% Qss = -111

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 333

Dt =33 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =8,40 l2 = 10,10 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 582

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 804

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 3026

ROOM NAME: ACCOUNTANT'S OFFICE ROOM NUMBER: 11 ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION S

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS S 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 3,55 2,60 9,23 645 PS S 1 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 3,30 1,50 4,95 202 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 15 5 9,19 4,15 2,60 10,79 99 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 20 0 0,00 3,55 2,60 9,23 0 VU - 1 - 1,65 20 20 0 0,00 0,90 2,05 1,85 0 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 20 0 0,00 4,15 2,60 10,79 0 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 3,55 4,15 14,73 1756 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 3,55 4,15 14,73 697 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 3399

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD -5% Qss = -170

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 510

Dt =38 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =9,60 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 427

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 767

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 4165

ROOM NAME: ARCHIVE ROOM NUMBER: 12

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION S

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS S 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 3,55 2,60 9,23 645 PS S 1 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 3,30 1,50 4,95 202 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 20 0 0,00 4,15 2,60 10,79 0 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 20 0 0,00 3,55 2,60 9,23 0 VU - 1 - 1,65 20 20 0 0,00 0,90 2,05 1,85 0 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 20 0 0,00 4,15 2,60 10,79 0 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 3,55 4,15 14,73 1756 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 3,55 4,15 14,73 697 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 3299

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD -5% Qss = -165

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 495

Dt =38 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =9,60 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 427

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 757

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 4056 ROOM NAME: HALL 1 SOUTH WING ROOM NUMBER: 13

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 15 ROOM ORIENTATION -

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 15 20 -5 -9,19 4,30 2,50 10,75 -99 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 15 20 -5 -13,41 1,80 2,50 4,50 -60 VU - 1 - 0,81 15 20 -5 -4,04 0,90 2,05 1,85 -7 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 15 20 -5 -13,41 1,80 2,50 4,50 -60 VU - 1 - 0,81 15 20 -5 -4,04 0,90 2,05 1,85 -7 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 15 18 -3 -8,04 4,30 2,50 10,75 -86 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 15 -5 20 95,33 4,30 1,80 7,74 738 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 15 3 12 33,42 4,30 1,80 7,74 259 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 676

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 101

Dt =33 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =3,84 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 148

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 250

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 925

ROOM NAME: MALE DRESSING ROOM ROOM NUMBER: 14

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION N

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS N 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 4,05 2,50 10,13 707 PS N 1 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 3,80 0,60 2,28 93 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 15 5 9,19 1,90 2,50 4,75 44 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 15 5 9,19 3,78 2,50 9,45 87 VU - 1 - 1,65 20 15 5 8,26 0,90 2,05 1,85 15 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 20 18 2 5,36 4,00 2,50 10,00 54 VU - 1 - 1,65 20 18 2 3,30 0,90 2,05 1,85 6 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 20 15 5 13,41 1,90 2,50 4,75 64 VU - 1 - 1,65 20 15 5 8,26 1,90 0,90 1,71 14 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 20 0 0,00 3,78 2,50 9,45 0 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 5,95 3,78 22,49 2680 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 5,95 3,78 22,49 1065 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 4828

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 5% Qss = 241

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 724 Dt =38 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =8,40 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 373

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 1339

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 6167

ROOM NAME: MALE TOILET ROOM NUMBER: 15

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 18 ROOM ORIENTATION -

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 18 15 3 5,51 2,09 2,50 5,23 29 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 18 18 0 0,00 4,00 2,50 10,00 0 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 18 15 3 8,04 2,09 2,50 5,23 42 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 18 20 -2 -5,36 4,00 2,50 10,00 -54 VU - 1 - 1,65 18 20 -2 -3,30 0,90 2,05 1,85 -6 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 18 -5 23 109,63 4,00 2,09 8,36 917 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 18 3 15 41,77 4,00 2,09 8,36 349 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 1277

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 192

Dt =36 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =0,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 0

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 192

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 1468

ROOM NAME: FEMALE TOILET ROOM NUMBER: 16

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 18 ROOM ORIENTATION -

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 18 15 3 5,51 2,09 2,50 5,23 29 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 18 20 -2 -5,36 4,00 2,50 10,00 -54 VU - 1 - 1,65 18 20 -2 -3,30 0,90 2,05 1,85 -6 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 18 15 3 8,04 2,09 2,50 5,23 42 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 18 18 0 0,00 4,00 2,50 10,00 0 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 18 -5 23 109,63 4,00 2,09 8,36 917 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 18 3 15 41,77 4,00 2,09 8,36 349 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 1277

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0 DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 192

Dt =36 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =0,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 0

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 192

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 1468

ROOM NAME: FEMALE DRESSING ROOM ROOM NUMBER: 17

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION S

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS S 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 5,95 2,50 14,88 1039 PS S 2 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 2,60 0,60 1,56 127 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 15 5 9,19 3,78 2,50 9,45 87 VU - 1 - 1,65 20 15 5 8,26 0,90 2,05 1,85 15 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 20 18 2 5,36 4,00 2,60 10,40 56 VU - 1 - 1,65 20 18 2 3,30 0,90 2,05 1,85 6 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 20 15 5 13,41 1,80 2,60 4,68 63 VU - 1 - 1,65 20 15 5 8,26 0,90 2,05 1,85 15 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 20 0 0,00 3,78 2,60 9,83 0 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 5,95 3,78 22,49 2680 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 5,95 3,78 22,49 1065 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 5153

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD -5% Qss = -258

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 773

Dt =38 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =12,80 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 569

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 1084

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 6237

ROOM NAME: HALL 2 SOUTH WING ROOM NUMBER: 18

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 15 ROOM ORIENTATION N

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS E 1 0,29 1,84 15 -18 33 60,66 2,40 2,50 6,00 364 VS E 1 - 4,02 15 -18 33 132,72 1,50 2,05 3,08 408 ZS N 1 0,29 1,84 15 -18 33 60,66 3,40 2,50 8,50 516 PS N 1 - 1,07 15 -18 33 35,37 3,40 0,60 2,04 72 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 15 20 -5 -9,19 1,60 2,50 4,00 -37 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 15 20 -5 -9,19 3,78 2,50 9,45 -87 VU - 1 - 1,65 15 20 -5 -8,26 0,90 2,05 1,85 -15 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 15 18 -3 -5,51 4,30 2,50 10,75 -59 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 15 20 -5 -9,19 3,78 2,50 9,45 -87 ZS S 1 0,29 1,84 15 -18 33 60,66 1,50 2,50 3,75 227 PS S 1 - 1,07 15 -18 33 35,37 1,40 1,90 2,66 94 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 15 20 -5 -9,19 12,00 2,50 30,00 -276 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 15 10 5 9,19 2,50 2,50 6,25 57 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 15 -5 20 95,33 - - 25,40 2422 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 15 3 12 33,42 - - 25,40 849 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 4448

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 5% Qss = 222

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 667

Dt =33 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 2,00 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =14,60 l2 = 5,90 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 1019

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 1909

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 6357

ROOM NAME: SPORTS ROOM ROOM NUMBER: 19

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION N

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS N 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 23,70 5,60 132,72 9271 PS N 6 - 3,97 20 -18 38 150,93 3,60 4,00 14,40 13040 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 15 5 9,19 6,10 2,50 15,25 140 VU - 1 - 1,65 20 15 5 8,26 1,50 2,05 3,08 25 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 20 0 0,00 4,50 2,50 11,25 0 ZS E 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 10,60 3,10 32,86 2295 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 20 0 0,00 11,85 2,50 29,63 0 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 10 10 18,38 11,85 2,50 29,63 545 ZS S 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 23,70 3,10 73,47 5132 PS S 1 - 3,97 20 -18 38 150,93 3,60 1,50 5,40 4890 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 15 5 9,19 12,00 2,50 30,00 276 ZS W 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 12,00 3,10 37,20 2598 TA - 1 0,14 3,02 15 -18 33 99,60 23,70 13,00 308,10 30687 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 15 3 12 33,42 23,70 12,00 284,40 9504 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 78404

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 5% Qss = 3920

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 11761

Dt =38 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =60,00 l2 = 10,70 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 2982 HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 18662

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 97066

ROOM NAME: COAL STORAGE ROOM NUMBER: 20

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 10 ROOM ORIENTATION S

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 0

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD -5% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 0

Dt =28 a1 =0,66 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOINTS l1 =0,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 0

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 0

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 0

ROOM NAME: BOILER ROOM ROOM NUMBER: 21

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION S

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 0

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD -5% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 0

Dt =38 a1 =0,66 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =0,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 0

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 0

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 0

ROOM NAME: WOOD STORAGE ROOM NUMBER: 22

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 10 ROOM ORIENTATION S

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 0

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD -5% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 0 Dt =28 a1 =0,66 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =0,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 0

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 0

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 0

ROOM NAME: STOKER'S ROOM ROOM NUMBER: 23

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION E

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS E 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 4,60 2,50 11,50 803 PS E 2 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 1,20 0,70 0,84 68 VS E 1 - 4,02 20 -18 38 152,83 0,90 2,05 1,85 282 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 15 5 9,19 3,90 2,50 9,75 90 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 20 0 0,00 4,60 2,50 11,50 0 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 10 10 18,38 3,90 2,50 9,75 179 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 3,90 4,60 17,94 2138 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 3,90 4,60 17,94 849 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 4410

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 661

Dt =38 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =3,20 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 142

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 804

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 5213

ROOM NAME: STORAGE ROOM NUMBER: 24

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 15 ROOM ORIENTATION NE

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS N 1 0,29 1,84 15 -18 33 60,66 3,90 2,50 9,75 591 VS N 1 - 4,02 15 -18 33 132,72 1,20 2,05 2,46 326 ZS E 1 0,29 1,84 15 -18 33 60,66 5,80 2,50 14,50 880 PS E 4 - 1,07 15 -18 33 35,37 1,20 0,70 0,84 119 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 15 20 -5 -9,19 3,90 2,50 9,75 -90 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 15 20 -5 -9,19 5,80 2,50 14,50 -133 VU - 1 - 1,65 15 20 -5 -8,26 1,50 2,20 3,30 -27 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 3,90 5,80 3,90 465 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 3,90 5,80 3,90 185 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 2316

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 5% Qss = 116

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 347

Dt =33 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =22,10 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 853

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 1316

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 3632

ROOM NAME: CLASSROOM 1 WEST WING ROOM NUMBER: 25

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION W

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS W 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 7,20 3,60 25,92 1811 PS W 2 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 3,40 1,80 6,12 499 ZS S 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 2,05 3,60 7,38 516 ZU - 1 0,29 2,09 20 15 5 10,46 5,30 3,60 19,08 199 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 15 5 10,46 3,20 3,60 11,52 120 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 15 5 10,46 4,00 3,60 14,40 151 VU - 1 - 1,40 20 15 5 6,99 1,00 2,05 2,05 14 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 7,45 3,60 26,82 0 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 - - 54,35 6477 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 - - 54,35 2573 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 12359

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 1854

Dt =38 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =20,80 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 925

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 2779

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 15138

ROOM NAME: CLASSROOM 2 WEST WING ROOM NUMBER: 26

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION W

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS W 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 7,87 3,60 28,33 1979 PS W 2 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 3,60 1,80 6,48 528 ZU - 2 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 7,45 3,60 26,82 0 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 15 5 10,46 7,87 3,60 28,33 296 VU - 1 - 1,40 20 15 5 6,99 1,00 2,05 2,05 14 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 7,87 7,45 58,63 6987 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 7,87 7,45 58,63 2776 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 12580

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 1887

Dt =38 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =21,60 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 960

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 2847

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 15428

ROOM NAME: CLASSROOM 3 WEST WING ROOM NUMBER: 27

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION W

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS W 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 7,87 3,60 28,33 1979 PS W 2 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 3,60 1,80 6,48 528 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 20 0 0,00 7,45 3,60 26,82 0 ZS N 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 0,40 3,60 1,44 101 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 20 0 0,00 5,45 3,60 19,62 0 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 15 5 9,19 1,50 3,60 5,40 50 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 20 15 5 10,46 7,87 3,60 28,33 296 VU - 1 - 1,40 20 15 5 6,99 1,00 2,05 2,05 14 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 7,87 7,45 58,63 6987 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 7,87 7,45 58,63 2776 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 12730

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 1910

Dt =38 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =21,60 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 960

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 2870

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 15600

ROOM NAME: VISIT OFFICE ROOM NUMBER: 28

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION W

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS W 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 3,51 2,60 9,13 637 PS W 1 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 1,40 0,60 0,84 68 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 20 0 0,00 3,30 2,60 8,58 0 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 20 8 12 32,18 2,30 2,60 5,98 192 VU - 1 - 0,81 20 8 12 9,70 0,80 2,05 1,64 16 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 20 7 13 34,86 1,10 2,60 2,86 100 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 20 18 2 5,36 3,30 2,60 8,58 46 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 20 -5 25 119,17 3,51 3,33 11,69 1393 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 3,51 3,33 11,69 553 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 3006

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 451

Dt =38 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =8,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 356

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 807

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 3813

ROOM NAME: DRESSING ROOM ROOM NUMBER: 29

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 8 ROOM ORIENTATION -

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 8 20 -12 -32,18 2,30 2,60 5,98 -192 VU - 1 - 0,81 8 20 -12 -9,70 0,80 2,05 1,64 -16 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 8 7 1 2,68 2,00 2,60 5,20 14 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 8 15 -7 -12,87 2,30 2,60 5,98 -77 VU - 1 - 1,65 8 15 -7 -11,56 0,80 2,25 1,80 -21 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 8 20 -12 -22,06 2,00 2,60 5,20 -115 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 8 -5 13 61,97 2,00 2,30 4,60 285 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 8 3 5 13,92 2,00 2,30 4,60 64 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = -58

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = -9

Dt =26 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =0,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 0

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = -9

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = -66

ROOM NAME: STORAGE FOR CHEMICALS ROOM NUMBER: 30

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 7 ROOM ORIENTATION -

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 7 15 -8 -21,45 2,30 2,60 5,98 -128 VU - 1 - 0,81 7 15 -8 -6,47 0,90 2,05 1,85 -12 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 7 8 -1 -2,68 2,00 2,60 5,20 -14 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 7 20 -13 -34,86 1,10 2,60 2,86 -100 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 7 18 -11 -29,49 1,08 2,60 2,81 -83 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 7 6 1 2,68 2,00 2,60 5,20 14 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 7 -5 12 57,20 2,00 2,30 4,60 263 PO - 1 0,22 2,78 7 3 4 11,14 2,00 2,30 4,60 51 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = -8

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = -1

Dt =25 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =0,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 0

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = -1

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = -10

ROOM NAME: TOILET WEST WING - LAVATORY ROOM NUMBER: 31

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 6 ROOM ORIENTATION -

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 6 6 0 0,00 2,31 2,60 6,01 0 VU - 1 - 0,81 6 6 0 0,00 0,80 2,05 1,64 0 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 6 20 -14 -25,74 2,00 2,60 5,20 -134 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 6 15 -9 -24,13 2,31 2,60 6,01 -145 VU - 1 - 0,81 6 15 -9 -7,28 0,90 2,05 1,85 -13 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 6 7 -1 -2,68 2,00 2,60 5,20 -14 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 6 -5 11 52,43 2,00 2,31 4,62 242 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 6 3 3 8,35 2,00 2,31 4,62 39 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = -25

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = -4

Dt =24 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =0,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 0

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = -4

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = -29 ROOM NAME: HALL WEST WING ROOM NUMBER: 32

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 15 ROOM ORIENTATION E

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS E 1 0,29 1,84 15 -18 33 60,66 28,18 2,60 73,27 4445 PS E 6 - 1,07 15 -18 33 35,37 3,70 1,50 5,55 1178 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 15 20 -5 -10,46 20,43 2,60 53,12 -555 VU - 3 - 1,40 15 20 -5 -6,99 1,00 2,05 2,05 -43 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 15 8 7 14,64 2,30 2,60 5,98 88 VU - 1 - 1,40 15 8 7 9,79 0,90 2,05 1,85 18 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 15 7 8 16,73 2,30 2,60 5,98 100 VU - 1 - 1,40 15 7 8 11,19 0,90 2,60 2,34 26 ZU - 1 0,24 2,09 15 6 9 18,82 2,30 2,60 5,98 113 VU - 1 - 1,40 15 6 9 12,59 0,90 2,05 1,85 23 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 15 -5 20 95,33 2,00 2,31 4,62 440 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 15 3 12 33,42 2,00 2,31 4,62 154 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 5986

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 898

Dt =33 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =0,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 0

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 898

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 6884

ROOM NAME: TOILET WEST WING ROOM NUMBER: 33

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 18 ROOM ORIENTATION W

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS W 1 0,29 1,84 18 -18 36 66,18 3,51 2,60 9,13 604 PS - 2 - 1,07 18 -18 36 38,58 1,40 0,60 0,84 65 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 18 20 -2 -3,68 3,33 2,60 8,66 -32 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 18 6 12 32,18 2,31 2,60 6,01 193 VU - 1 - 0,81 18 6 12 9,70 0,80 2,05 1,64 16 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 18 7 11 29,49 1,08 2,60 2,81 83 ZU - 1 0,16 2,68 18 20 -2 -5,36 3,33 2,60 8,66 -46 TA - 1 0,04 4,77 18 -5 23 109,63 3,51 3,33 11,69 1281 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 18 3 15 41,77 3,51 3,00 10,53 440 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 2604

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 0% Qss = 0

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 391 Dt =36 a1 =1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =8,00 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 0,90

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 337

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 728

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 3331

ROOM NAME: CLASSROOM 1 NORTH WING ROOM NUMBER: 34

ROOM TEMPERATURE - tp: 20 ROOM ORIENTATION NW

CALCULATION OF HEAT LOSS THROUGH THE BUILDING STRUCTURE - Qh ZS W 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 9,80 3,60 35,28 2464 PS W 2 - 1,07 20 -18 38 40,73 3,60 1,80 6,48 528 ZS N 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 6,60 3,60 23,76 1660 ZS E 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 0,70 3,60 2,52 176 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 20 0 0,00 6,65 3,60 23,94 0 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 15 5 9,19 2,50 3,60 9,00 83 VU - 1 - 1,65 20 15 5 8,26 1,00 2,05 2,05 17 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 6 14 25,74 2,27 3,60 8,17 210 ZU - 1 0,29 1,84 20 18 2 3,68 3,63 3,60 13,07 48 ZS S 1 0,29 1,84 20 -18 38 69,85 0,70 3,60 2,52 176 TA - 1 0,21 1,60 20 20 0 0,00 9,80 6,60 64,68 0 PO - 1 0,27 2,78 20 3 17 47,34 9,80 6,60 64,68 3062 TRANSMISSIVE HEAT LOSSES: Qh = 8424

TEMPER. PERMEABILITY OF JOINTS ALTITUDE SIDE OF WORLD 5% Qss = 421

DIFFER. WINDOW DOOR CORREC. DISC. OF WORK 15% Qpr = 1264

Dt =38 a1 = 1,00 a2 = 0,66 FACTOR PER. OF BUILD. CHAR. OF ROOM

LEN. OF JOIN. l1 =21,60 l2 = 0,00 e = 1,00 H = 1,30 R = 1,20

HEAT LOSSES ON BLOWING (Qv): Qv = e*(a1*l1+a2*l2)*R*H*Dt = 1280

HEAT LOSSES ADDITIONS TOTAL (Qd = Qss + Qpr): Qg = 2965

HEAT LOSSES TOTAL (Qg = Qt + Qd): Qg = 11389 QUAN UNIT TOTAL NO. DESCRIPTION OF WORKS UNIT TITY PRICE PRICE

1.06. PRE-MEASUREMENT AND ESTIMATE

1.06.01. THERMOTECHNICS EQUIPMENT 01.06.01.01 Delivery and installation of a hotwater boiler, which uses wood pellets for heating, made by "EKO PRODUKT" - Novi Sad. Q = 560 kW o tw = 90 / 70 C A = 1920 mm L = 1100 mm H = 2455mm com. 1 2.825.615 2.825.615 01.06.01.02 Delivery and installation of a flexible screw conveyor for pellets, made by "EKO PRODUKT" - Novi Sad. Q = 132 kg/h D = 140 mm N = 35 min-1 L = 3000 mm Pm = 1,10 kW com. 1 333.075 333.075 01.06.01.03 Delivery and installation of a bin for pellets, made by "EKO PRODUKT" - Novi Sad. V = 1,8 m3 A = 3000 mm B = 3000 mm H = 3000 mm com. 1 125.000 125.000 01.06.01.04 Delivery and installation of flue multi-cyclone dust collector with electric motor driven rotary airlock valve and container for ashes, made by "EKO PRODUKT" - Novi Sad. com. 1 396.220 396.220 01.06.01.05 Delivery and installation of secondary air fan, made by "DYNAIR" – Italy. Q = 4200 m3/h

Pm = 3,00 kW n = 2200 min-1 o tradno, max = 300 C h = 0,71 com. 1 387.000 387.000 01.06.01.06 Delivery of a hand pallet truck with transport capacity 2 t. com. 1 72.000 72.000 Delivery and installation of construction for unloading and easy handling jumbo bags with pellets. Structural mass 980 01.06.01.07 kg. com. 1 262.000 262.000 01.06.01.08 Delivery and installation of steel flue pipe for chimney, diameter 500 mm, with mineral wool insulation, thickness 50mm and protection of aluminum sheet, thickness 0,8mm.

com. 1 58.000 58.000 01.06.01.09 Delivery and installation of black seamless pipes according to DIN 2448. DN 10 - Ø 16,0x1,8 m 30 190 5.700 DN 20 - Ø 25,0x2,8 m 20 340 6.800 DN 50 - Ø 57,0x2,9 m 4 957 3.828 DN 80 - Ø 88,9x3,8 m 25 1.400 34.440 DN100 - Ø 108,0x3,8 m 23 2.100 48.300 DN125 - Ø 133,0x4,8 m 14 2.700 38.610 DN200 – Ø 219,1x5,9 m 1 6.515 6.515 01.06.01.10 For connecting and sealing material, Hamburg bows, two- piece pipe clamps, hangers for pipes, metal rosettes, wall bushings, cement, plaster and other materials needed for pipeline installation takes 50% of the value of the number 09 in this report. 50% 193.598 96979 01.06.01.11 Construction and installation vessel for ventilation installations. Ø 159,0 x 4,5 / 150,0 com. 10 3.000 3.000 01.06.01.12 Construction and installation of steel collectors made of steel pipes with the required number of connections: Split collector: Ø 267,0 x 6,5 / 2400 mm DN125 - Connection for boiler pipeline DN 20 - Connection for sanitary water boiler DN 50 - Connection for pipeline 03 DN 80 - Connection for pipeline 02 DN125 - Connection for pipeline 01 DN200 - Side connection for a quick connection DN 10 - Head-on connection for pressure gauge DN 20 - Bottom connection for drainage com. 1 45.000 45.000 01.06.01.13 Split collector: f267,0 x 6,5 / 2400 mm DN125 - Connection for boiler return pipeline DN 20 - Connection for sanitary water boiler (return line) DN 50 - Connection for pipeline 03 (return line) DN 80 - Connection for pipeline 02 (return line) DN125 - Connection for pipeline 01(return line)

DN200 - Side connection for a quick connection DN 10 - Head-on connection for pressure gauge DN 20 - Bottom connection for drainage DN 20 - Bottom connection for water inlet com. 1 45.000 45.000 01.06.01.14 Delivery and installation of ball valves for NP6, with threaded connections. DN 10 com. 10 440 4.400 DN 20 com. 13 1.320 17.160 01.06.01.15 Delivery and installation of ball valves for NP6, with flanges and counter flanges.

DN 50 com. 5 5.000 25.000 DN 80 com. 5 8.000 40.000 DN100 com. 5 10.000 50.000 DN125 com. 6 12.500 75.000 01.06.01.16 Delivery and installation of dirt separators for NP6, with flanges and counter flanges.

DN 50 com. 3 2.420 7.260 DN 80 com. 3 3.120 9.360 DN100 com. 3 3.710 11.130 DN125 com. 1 4.200 4.200 Delivery and installation of three-way valves with electric motor, made by “AUTER” – Beograd. 01.06.01.17 Type RV3-50/40/AVC.24 DP = 3700 Pa 3 Qv = 7,70 m /h 3 Kvs = 40,00 m /h com 1 98500 98500 01.06.01.18 Type RV3-50/40/AVC.24 DP = 3700 Pa 3 Qv = 7,70 m /h 3 Kvs = 40,00 m /h com 1 72.000 72.000 01.06.01.19 Type RV3-32/16/AVC.24 DP = 5300 Pa 3 Qv = 3,40 m /h 3 Kvs = 16,00 m /h com 1 68.000 68.000 01.06.01.20 Delivery and installation microprocessor controller for keeping the temperature constant, depending on external temperature, made by “AUTER” – Beograd

type AMR/202RG com. 3 37.000 111.000 01.06.01.21 Delivery and installation temperature sensor for liquid, made by “AUTER” – Beograd Type TSW 01 com. 3 5.700 17.100 01.06.01.22 Delivery and installation temperature sensor for external influences, made by “AUTER” – Beograd Type TSS 01 com. 3 4.900 14.700 01.06.01.23 Delivery and installation of unit for manual/automatic control of regulation valve, made by “AUTER” – Beograd Type RDV 2 com. 3 35.000 105.000 01.06.01.24 Assembly of automation elements, clamping and commissioning without the supply and installation of electrical cables 26.300 26.300 01.06.01.25 Delivery and installation of pipe thermostat for sanitary water, made by “AUTER” – Beograd Type AT1W com. 1 12.500 12.500 01.06.01.26 Delivery and installation of electric-command locker for complete boiler room control. com. 1 65.000 65.000 01.06.01.27 Delivery and installation of pressure regulators with threaded connectors DN 20 com. 1 2.000 2.000 01.06.01.28 Delivery and installation of a thermometer, made by "FAR" - Italy. Measuring range: 0 - 130°C com. 10 350 3.500 01.06.01.29 Delivery and installation of a pressure gauge, made by "FAR" – Italy. Measuring range: 0 - 10 bar com. 2 440 880 01.06.01.30 Delivery and installation of closed expansion vessels, made by "INFLEKS" - Beograd. Tip F - 600

Vk = 225 l H = 1820 mm D = 700 mm

Hs = 1,50 bar com. 1 45.000 45.000 01.06.01.31 Delivery and installation of safety valves with spring DN 40 com. 1 33.000 33.000 01.06.01.32 Delivery and installation of circulation pumps, made by "WILO" – Germany Type TOP-S 65/7, speed 3, three-phase 3 Gh = 24,20 m /h H = 5796 Pa -1 nmin = 3 - 2000 min

Nmax = 550 W U = 3 x 400 V / 50 Hz com. 1 78.000 78.000 01.06.01.33 Type TOP-S 50/7, speed 3, three-phase 3 Gh = 13,10 m /h H = 33735 Pa -1 nmin = 3 - 2150 min

Nmax = 625 W U = 1 x 230 V / 50 Hz com. 1 120.000 120.000 01.06.01.34 Type TOP-S 50/4, speed 3, three-phase 3 Gh = 7,59 m /h H = 21280 Pa -1 nmin = 3 - 1700 min N = 330 W U = 1 x 230 V / 50 Hz com. 1 105.000 105.000 01.06.01.35 Type TOP-S 40/4, speed 3, three-phase 3 Gh = 3,35 m /h H = 16965 Pa -1 nmin = 3 - 1700 min N = 197 W U = 1 x 230 V / 50 Hz com. 1 72.000 72.000 01.06.01.36 Type Star RS-25/2 ClassicStar, speed 3, monphasic 3 Gh = 0,57 m /h H = 6678 Pa -1 nmin = 3 - 1450 min N = 45 W U = 1 x 230 V / 50 Hz com. 1 9.300 9.300 01.06.01.37 Delivery and installation of magnetic flow water softeners whose maximum temperature is tw = 40 oC. Representative and importer is "FEROMAX" – Belgrade Type AQUA UNIQUE A4 50-385 HW DN20 com. 1 120.000 120.000 01.06.01.38 Construction and installation of mechanical impurities filter installed along with magnetic water softener. Representative and importer is "FEROMAX" – Beograde

Type AU 50 MPS DN20 com. 1 25.000 25.000 01.06.01.39 Construction and installation of boiler for sanitary water, with all necessary connections and following characteristics:

V = 300 l Q = 11,79 kW o tw = 90 / 70 C o tw san = 50 / 16 C 2 Fizm = 0,50 m com. 1 115.000 115.000 01.06.01.40 Cleaning of the pipes, double coating of red lead, construction of thermo-insulating layer, type PLAMAFLEX or similar, thickness d = 30 mm DN 20 com. 20 100 2.000 DN 50 com. 4 600 2.400 DN 80 com. 25 1050 25.830 DN100 com. 23 1400 32.200 DN200 com. 1 5000 5.000 DN250 com. 5 8000 40.000 01.06.01.41 Delivery of dry powder fire extinguishers Type S - 9 com. 1 6.000 6.000 01.06.01.42 Delivery of barrel with sand, a shovel and a pick. complet 1 5.000 5.000 01.06.01.43 For manipulative expenses, like costs of examining the installation for cold water pressure, costs of hot testing, costs of regulating the installation and costs of other preparation- finishing works, it is calculated at 5% of all stated value 5% 6.505.990 325.299

TOTAL: 6.831.289

01.06.02. RECONSTRUCTION OF THE FACILITY 01.06.02.01 Reconstruction of a boiler room building 1 342.000 342.000

TOTAL: 342.000

R E C A P I T U L A T I O N :

01.06.01. THERMOTECHNICS EQUIPMENT 6.831.289 01.06.02. RECONSTRUCTION OF A BOILER ROOM BUILDING 342.000 EQUIPMENT AND WORKS FOR IMPROVEMENT OF INTERNAL 01.06.03. REGULATION HEATING SYSTEM WITH THE INSTALLATION OF 326.240 THERMOSTATIC VALVES 01.06.04. PROJECT DOCUMENTATION (5%) 374.976

TOTAL: 7.874.505