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Home , Music of Pakistan

Republic of the Philippines Department of Education Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula

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MUSIC Quarter 3 – Module 1: ( OF SOUTH ASIA and MIDDLE EAST)

Name of Learner: ______Grade & Section: ______Name of School: ______What I Need To Know

At the end of this Module you are expected to: 1. Listens perceptively to music of South Asia and Middle East (MU8W5-IIIa- h-2) 2. Analyses the musical elements of selected and instrumental pieces heard and performed (MU8WS-IIIc-h-4) 3. Explore ways of producing sounds on a variety of sources that would simulate instruments being studied (MU8WS-IIIc-h-5)

What’s In

ACTIVITY 1: Do you remember?

List down the prominent features of the vocal and instrumental music of East Asian Countries (Japan, China and Korea). Vocal Music Instrumental Music JAPAN CHINA KOREA

What’s New

ACTIVITY 2: Listen to the Music of South Asia and Middle East. Identify what country that the type of music belong. 1. Audio/Visual Activity:  Carnatic Flute- Tamboori by Heramba and Hemantha www.youtube.com./watch?v=GvWkHsfXFGQ  Carnatic Vocal, www.carnaticsangeetham.com 2. Audio/Visual Activity:  -best , www.youtube.com  - best qawwali, www.youtube.com What Is It

INDIA

 Is the largest country in South Asia. Its music is as vast as its geographic location and as large as its demographic population. The reflects different aspects of Asian culture through its timbre, rhythm, melody, texture, form, and style. In general, Indian music remains fundamental to the lives of the people of India as a source of spiritual inspiration, cultural expression, and entertainment.

VOCAL MUSIC  Includes Carnatic and Hindustani Music.  Includes several types of folk and .  Uses Melesmatic singing with nasal vocal quality.  Samagana is a traditional singing style of India. Used to sing sacred text: Sama Veda and Rig Veda. CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADITIONAL MUSIC FROM INDIA 1. CARNATIC MUSIC  refers to music from South India.  directed to a Hindu god, which is why it is called “temple music”  unlike Hindustani music, Carnatic music is unified where schools are based on the same ragas, the same solo instruments (veena, flute, violin) and the same rhythm instrument (mridangam and ghatam)  music pieces are mainly set for the voice and with .  compositions called krti are devotional songs. ADDITIONAL AUDIO/VISUAL ACTIVITY: You may watch the following links online  Carnatic Flute-Tambori by Heramba & Hemantha, www.youtube.com  Carnatic Vocal, www.carnaticsangeetham.com

2. HINDUSTANI MUSIC  goes back to times around 1000 BC  further developed in the 13th and 14th centuries AD with Persian influences and from existing religious and folk music  predominantly found in the northern and central regions  influenced by ancient Hindu musical traditions, historical Vedic religion/Vedic philosophy, native Indian sounds and enriched by the Persian performance practices of the Mughal era  nasal singing is observed in their vocal music  in North India, the most common style of singing is called , a word which means imagination Additional Audio/Visual Activity  Hindustani , www.wildfilmindia.com  Pt. Bhimsen Joshi-Classical Vocal, www.youtube.com

After learning about the vocal music of India, the next topic will help you learn the instrumental music of India. …

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC  Instrumental music is often similar to vocal music but sometimes they have distinctive instrumental styles. There are five known traditional systems for classification of instruments. Classification of Musical Instruments from India: 1. Ghan – described as a non-membranous percussive instrument but with solid resonators. It is one of the oldest classes of instrument in India. It may also be a melodic instrument or instruments to keep tal.

2. Avanaddh – Describe as a membranous percussive instrument. This class of instruments typically comprise the drums 3. Sushir – Also know as “blown air” . It is characterized by the use of air to excite the various resonators. 4. Tat – Referred to as vina during the old civilization. Instruments in this class are plucked (stringed intruments).

5. Vitat – described as bowed stringed instruments. This is of the oldest classifications of instruments and yet did not occupy a place in classical Indian music until the last few centuries. TALA Rhythm plays an important role in Indian music. It is fundamental to the creation of any musical system. Certainly, from a historical stand point, rhythm existed many centuries ago before the word “rag” was ever used. Given this historical pre-eminence, it is not surprising that rhythm occupies an important position in the Indian system of music.

Tala - literally meaning ‘clap;’ variously transliterated as “tal”, “taal” or “taala” - is a regular, repeating rhythmic phrase, particularly as rendered on a percussive instrument with an ebb and flow of various intonations represented as a ''theka'' - is the common Indian system of rhythm Theka - a sequence of drum-syllables or ''bol'' - in Indian classical music, both Hindustani classical music and Carnatic music use complex rules to create elaborate patterns of rhythm - most common instrument for keeping rhythm in Hindustani music Mridangam - most common instrument for keeping rhythm in Carnatic music - also transliterated as “mridang ”

If rhythm plays an important role in Indian music, what could be the distinct characteristic of Pakistani music?

 Is known for its unique vocals. The distinctive Pakistani sound was formed with multiple influences not only from various parts of South Asia but it also includes diverse elements from Central Asia, Persia, , and the Arab world. VOCAL MUSIC OF PAKISTAN Pakistan is known for its two vocal styles in singing: 1.  Traditional expressions of love, separation, and loneliness; It tells about both the pain of loss of the lover and the beauty of love in spite of that pain. its structural requirements are more strict than those of most poetic forms traditionally written in English is considered by many to be one of the principal poetic forms in the Persian civilization can be sung by both men and women.

Pakistani Ghazal-Payam e Mashriq’s Ghazal, www.youtube.com

2. Qawwali  the devotional music of the a vibrant musical tradition that stretches back more than 700 years originally performed mainly at Sufi shrines throughout the subcontinent and gained mainstream popularity

 rahat fateh ali khan-best qawwali, www.youtube.com  nusrat fateh ali khan-best qawwali, www.youtube.com

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC Punjabi music strengthens the importance of musical instruments in Pakistan. Punjab is a region in South Asia which is divided into West Punjab, Pakistan and East Punjab, India. Bhangra, one of the most recognized forms of Punjab, is based on the drum rhythm of . SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF PAKISTAN ISRAEL The music of West Asia is modal. Harmony is not emphasized but rather includes salient features such as melodic complexity and ornamentation, including ¼ tones and rigorous rhythmic development. West Asian music is commonly used during: Communal worship (in Mosque, Synagogue and Church) Mystic rituals (Sufis, Hassidic) Life passage events (Weddings, Bar Mitzvas, Bat Mitzvas, Anniversaries) Entertainment (Belly Dancing, Folk Dancing) VOCAL AND ARABIA A. Israeli Music  Israeli singers have a distinctive vocal style. They sing with guttural and throaty enunciation. Two Divisions of Jewish Music 1. Devotional  almost entirely vocal  featured during Sabbath and other holy days  the art of Hazan (leader of prayer in synagogue) has always been evident in the culture  shofar is a special call to prayer and repentance; it is sounded on the High Holidays (the Jewish New Year and Day of Atonement) 2. Secular  instruments and voice are used  played during life passage events  context lies outside the religious domain  very rhythmic and have popular and romantic texts 1 . Wazn

 literally means “measure”  performed on the goblet drum, frame drum, and kettle drum  only used in musical genres with a fixed rhythmic-temporal organization including recurring measures, motifs, and pulse  Habib Yammine-Wazn il mu’allaqat imru’al Qays, www.youtube.com

3. Iqa  the rhythmic pattern in Arabian music  reputed to be over 100 iqa, but many of them have fallen out of fashion and are rarely used in performance  the greatest varieties of iqa (or iqa’at as pronounced) range from two to 48 beats are used in the muwashahat (an Andalusian ) where every syllable of the lyric must fall on a beat.  Michigan A www.youtube.comrab Orchestra-Fantasie Nahawand Mona and Ahmed Fekry-Muwashahat, www.youtube.com

INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF ISRAEL The lute which is similar to the Philippine bandurria and the laud, traces its origins to the Middle Eastern Oud and Indian . Goblet drum, darbuk, the tambourine and other instruments associated with Middle Eastern music are used as accompaniment. One of the dances where accompaniment is used is Hora, a dance that often has strong off beats and asymmetric meters

SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF ISRAEL

OTHER SIGNIFICANT INSTRUMENTS OF ARAB COUNTRIES

OTHER SIGNIFICANT MIDDLE EASTERN INSTRUMENTS

What’s More Let’s see how much you have learned. Can you identify the difference ACTIVITY 3: Which Is Which? Study the wordbsewtwreitetennCianrnthaeticboaxn.dIhdienndtuifsytani music? Can you identify Indian musical which word fitisnsthtreudmeesncrtisp?tion of Carnatic and Hindustani music. Write your answers on activity sheet.

Khyal Temple Music Unified Northern Krti Southern Nasal Singing Lyrical Persian Influence Imagination

ACTIVITY 4: Name It! Name the following Indian musical instruments. Write the answers on a separate sheet of paper in your notebook

ACTIVITY 5: Name and classify the following instruments. CLASSIFICATION NAME OF THE (NON-MEMBRANOUS, MEMBRANOUS, STRINGED PICTURES INSTRUMENT INSTRUMENT, WIND INSTRUMENT AND BOWED STRINGED INSTRUMENTS) 1.

GHATAM

2. DHOL 3.

SURPETI

SITAR

5 CHIKARA

ACTIVITY 6: PEACE, ORDER AND ORGANIZE. Instruction: Compare and contrast the vocal/instrumental music of Pakistan from the music of India. Draw this diagram on the activity sheets:

ACTIVITY 7: Name the following instruments of Pakistan.

PICTURES NAME OF THE INSTRUMENT

______

______

______

ACTIVITY 8: Instruction: Supply the needed information in the table below. Country Description of Vocal Music Instrumental

1. India 2. Pakistan

ACTIVITY 9: Search for the terms used in vocal and instrumental music of West Asia. Encircle/highlight the words that you found

ACTIVTY 10 Name the following instruments of Israel. PICTURES NAME OF THE INSTRUMENT What I Have Learned ACTIVITY 11 How do you find South Asia and Middle East music? What contributions did they bring to the world of music? ______

What I Can Do ACTIVITY 12 Improvise one instrument of either South Asia or Middle East. Rubrics for Designing an Improvised Instrument Approaching Basic Developing Proficiency Proficient

1 2 3 4

Inappropriate; Messy Most materials Appropriate Appropriate and and incomplete appropriate; materials; decorated, creatively modified materials; Sound Decorated but messy; neat; Sound quality materials; Decorated quality lacks Neat but fragile; almost similar to that within the context of similarity with that of Sound quality of the original the instrument; Neat the original somewhat similar but instrument and Durable; Sound instrument. not exactly similar to quality most similar that of the original to that of the original instrument. instrument. Legend: 1 = 85% Assessment

POST ASSESSMENT: 1. Which style of singing that developed into strong and diverse tradition over several centuries, becoming an established part of contemporary tradition in India? A. Melismatic B. Rig Veda C. Samagana D. Sama Veda

2. Which classification of musical instruments from India, describes as a non-membranous percussive instrument but with solid resonators? A. Avanaddh B. Ghan C. Sushir D. Vitat

3. Which vocal music of Pakistan traditionally expresses love, separation and loneliness? A. Carnatic Music B. Ghazal Music C. Hindustani Music D. Qawwali Music

4. Which of the following is NOT an instrument of Pakistan? A. B. Harmonium C. D. Sitar

5. Which best describes Hazan? A. The leader of prayer in a synagogue B. A ceremonial event for a Jewish boy. C. A Jewish devotional tradition. D. A

6. Which vocal music of Israel is featured during Sabbath and other holidays? A. Carnatic Music C. Hindustani Music B. Devotional Music D.

7. The following instruments are under the classification Sushir, except: A. Bansuri B. C. Shankh D. Surpeti

8. Which is a bowed stringed instrument of classical of classical Indian music? A. Avanaddh B. Ghan C. Sushir D. Vitat

9. Which statement below best describes shofar? A. A special call to prayer and repentance. B. A harsh and grating speech sounds in the throat. C. A place where the Jewish people pray. D. A kind of beat in Indian music. 10. Which Pakistan music that is originally performed mainly at Sufi Shrines throughout the sub-continent and gained mainstreamed popularity? A. Devotional B. Ghazal C. Qawwali D. Secula 11. Which vocal music of Pakistan sung as a devotional music of Christi Order? A. Carnatic music C. Hindustani music B. Ghazal music D. Qawwali music

12. Which is an example of membranous instrument? A. Ghatam B. Tabla C. Surpeti D. Ektar

13. Which is an example of bowed stringed instrument? A. Sitar B. Manjira C. Rabab D. Chikara

14. Which is a significant instrument of Pakistan? A. Esraj B. Gotuvadyam C. Harmonium D. Bansuri

15. Why does rhythm play an important role in the music of India? A. It is fundamental to the creation of any musical system B. It adds color and variety to their music C. It depicts their way of life. D. It makes the sound pleasant to the ears.

Answer Key: 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. D 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. A References: LM MAPEH 8, MUSIC 3RD QUARTER PAGE NO. 104 - 142 MELC MAPEH 8 3RD QUARTER PAGE NO. 264

DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Writers: MICHAEL D.S. GARCIA IVY T. SIENES MARK ANTHONY B. MORADOS SALWIDA B. TAHA Editor: Ivy T. Sienes Language Editor: Manny P. Tumalon Proof Reader: Michael D. S. Garcia

Illustrator: MARY ANN E. FRANCISCO Layout Artist: MANNY P. TUMALON

Management Team: Julieto H. Fernandez, Ed. D., CESO VI SDS-Isabela City Maria Laarni T. Villanueva, Ed. D., CESE ASDS-Isabela City Henry R. Tura, CID Chief Elsa A. Usman, LR Supervisor Region IX: Zamboanga Peninsula Hymn – Our Eden Land Here the trees and flowers bloom Gallant men And Ladies fair Here the breezes gently Blow, Linger with love and care Here the birds sing Merrily, Golden beams of sunrise and sunset The liberty forever Stays, Are visions you’ll never forget Oh! That’s Region IX Hardworking people Abound, Here the Badjaos roam the seas Every valleys and Dale Here the Samals live in peace Zamboangueños, Tagalogs, Bicolanos, Here the Tausogs thrive so free Cebuanos, Ilocanos, Subanons, Boholanos, With the Yakans in unity Ilongos, All of them are proud and true Region IX our Eden Land Region IX Our… Eden... Land...

The Footprints Prayer Trees by Joyce Kilmer One night I had a dream. I dreamed I think that I shall never see that I was walking along the beach A poem lovely as a tree. with the LORD. A tree whose hungry mouth is prest In the beach, there were two (2) sets Against the earth’s sweet flowing of footprints – one belong to me and breast; the other to the LORD. A tree that looks at God all day, Then, later, after a long walk, I And lifts her leafy arms to pray; noticed only one set of footprints. A tree that may in Summer wear “And I ask the LORD. Why? Why? A nest of robins in her hair; Why did you leave me when I am sad and helpless?” Upon whose bosom snow has lain; And the LORD replied “My son, My Who intimately lives with rain. son, I have never left you. There was only one (1) set of footprints in the Poems are made by fools like me, sand, because it was then that I But only God can make a tree. CARRIED YOU!

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