DOCSLIB.ORG

Soil Survey Field and Laboratory Methods Manual

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Soil Survey Field and Laboratory Methods Manual SOIL SURVEY FIELD AND LABORATORY METHODS MANUAL Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 51 Version 1.0 Compiled and Edited by Rebecca Burt National Soil Survey Center Natural Resources Conservation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Lincoln, Nebraska SOIL SURVEY FIELD AND LABORATORY METHODS MANUAL Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 51 Version 1.0 Compiled and Edited by Rebecca Burt National Soil Survey Center Natural Resources Conservation Service U.S. Department of Agriculture Lincoln, Nebraska Issued 2009 Trade names are used in this manual solely for the purpose of providing specific information. Mention of a trade name does not constitute a guarantee of the product by USDA nor does it imply an endorsement by USDA. USDA Nondiscrimination Statement The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, and where applicable, sex, marital status, familial status, parental status, religion, sexual orientation, genetic information, political beliefs, reprisal, or because all or a part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination write to USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 or call (800) 795-3272 (voice) or (202) 720-6382 (TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Citation: Soil Survey Staff. 2009. Soil Survey Field and Laboratory Methods Manual. Soil Survey Investigations Report No. 51, Version 1.0. R. Burt (ed.). U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service. ii CONTENTS Page Preface xiii Contributors xvii Acknowledgements xix User’s Guide xxi 1. FIELD ASSESSMENT AND SAMPLING STRATEGIES 1 1.1 Soil Survey 1 1.1.1 Field Sample Collection and Preparation 1 1.1.1.1 Site Selection 1 1.1.1.2 Geomorphology 1 1.1.1.3 Pedon 1 1.1.1.4 Water 1 1.1.1.5 Biological 1 1.2 Other Sampling Strategies 15 1.2.1 Composite Random Sampling 15 1.2.2 Diagonal and Zigzag Sampling 15 1.2.3 Benchmark Sampling 15 1.2.4 Landscape Directed Sampling 15 1.2.5 Grid Sampling 15 1.3 Field Assessment 17 1.3.1 Salinity, Sodicity, and pH 17 1.3.1.1 Saline Soils 17 1.3.1.2 Sodic Soils 17 1.3.1.3 High pH Soils 17 1.3.1.4 Interactions, Salinity, Sodicity, and High pH 17 1.3.1.5 Sampling for Salinity, Sodicity, and High pH 17 1.3.2 Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition 19 1.3.2.1 Soil Sampling as Basis for Fertilizer Applications 19 1.3.2.2 Plant Analysis as Basis for Fertilizer Applications 19 1.3.2.3 Remote Sensing for Crop Nitrogen Status and Plant Biomass 19 1.4 Laboratory Sample Collection and Preparation 21 1.4.1 Soils 21 1.4.1.1 Field-Moist Preparation 21 1.4.1.1.1 Particles <2 mm 21 1.4.1.2 Air-Dry Preparation 21 1.4.1.2.1 Particles <2 mm 21 1.4.1.2.2 Particles >2 mm 21 1.4.1.2.2.1 Particle-Size Analysis 21 2. CONVENTIONS 24 2.1 Data Types 24 2.2 Size-Fraction Base for Reporting Data 24 2.2.1 Particles <2 mm 24 iii 2.2.2 Particles <Specified Size> 2 mm 24 2.3 Soil Sample Weight Base for Reporting Data 24 2.3.1 Air-Dry/Oven-Dry Ratio 24 2.3.2 Field-Moist/Oven-Dry Ratio 24 2.3.3 Correction for Crystal Water 24 2.4 Significant Figures and Rounding 25 2.5 Data Sheet Symbols 25 3. SOIL PHYSICAL ANALYSES 25 3.1 Soil Morphology 25 3.1.1 Color 26 3.1.1.1 Color Charts 26 3.1.1.2 Ignition 28 3.1.1.3 Alkaline Solution 29 3.1.1.4 Dispersion 29 3.1.1.5 Hydrogen Peroxide 29 3.1.2 Structure and Consistence 20 3.1.2.1 Soil Morphology Index 29 3.1.2.2 Singleton Blade and Modified Singleton Blade 32 3.1.2.3 Near-Surface Subzones 34 3.1.2.4 Horizon Examination 35 3.1.2.4.1 Ped Faces 35 3.1.2.4.2 Pores and Other Voids 37 3.1.2.4.3 Packing 38 3.1.2.4.4 Other Structural Features 38 3.1.3 Podzol and Podzolic Soil Development 38 3.1.3.1 Numberical (Color) Index of Podzol and Podzolic Development (POD) 38 3.2 Particle-Size Distribution Analysis 40 3.2.1 Particles <2mm 40 3.2.1.1 Field Analysis of Particles <2 mm 41 3.2.1.1.1 Feel Method 41 3.2.1.2 Laboratory Analysis of Particles <2 mm 46 3.2.1.2.1 Hydrometer Analysis for Routinely Reported Size Fractions (1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, 0.047 mm, 0.002–0.05 mm, and <2 m) 46 3.2.1.2.1.1 Sodium Hexametaphosphate Dispersible 46 3.2.1.2.1.1.1 Organic Matter Removal 46 3.2.1.2.1.1.1.1 Hydrogen Peroxide 46 3.2.1.2.1.1.1.2 Sodium Hypochlorite 46 3.2.1.2.1.1.2 Carbonate Removal 46 3.2.1.2.1.1.3 Iron Removal 46 3.2.1.2.1.1–3.1 Air-Dry 46 3.2.1.2.2 Micro-pipette Method for Routinely Reported Size Fractions (1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.1, 0.047 mm, 0.002–0.05 mm, and <2 m) 53 3.2.1.2.2.1 Water Dispersible 53 3.2.1.2.2.1.1 Air-Dry 53 3.2.2 Particles >2 mm 57 3.2.2.1 Field Analysis of Particles >2 mm 57 3.2.2.2 Field and Laboratory Analysis of Particles >2 mm 59 iv 3.2.2.2.1 Weight Estimates 59 3.2.2.2.1.1 By Field and Laboratory Weighing 59 3.2.2.2.1.2 From Volume and Weight Estimates 62 3.2.2.2.2 Volume Estimates 62 3.3 Bulk Density 66 3.3.1 Field State 66 3.3.1.1 Compliant Cavity 67 3.3.1.2 Ring Excavation 70 3.3.1.3 Frame Excavation 72 3.3.1.4 Soil Cores 74 3.4 Water Retention 77 3.4.1 Desorption on Hectorite 77 3.4.1.1 1500-kPa Water Retention 77 3.4.1.1.1 <2-mm (sieved), Air-Dry Sample 77 3.4.2 Field-State 81 3.4.3 Plant Available and Unavailable Water Estimates, Volume Basis 82 3.4.4 Water State Classes 84 3.5 Ratios and Estimates Related to Particle-Size Analysis, Bulk Density, and Water Retention 85 3.5.1 Air-Dry/Oven-Dry Ratio 85 3.5.2 Field-Moist/Oven-Dry Ratio 85 3.5.3 Correction for Crystal Water 85 3.5.4 Coefficient of Linear Extensibility (COLE) 89 3.5.4.1 Soil Clod or Core 89 3.5.4.2 Soil Pastes 91 3.5.4.3 Soil Molds 92 3.5.5 1500-kPA Water Content/Total Clay 93 3.6 Water Flow 94 3.6.1 Single-Ring Infiltrometer 94 3.6.2 Double-Ring Infiltrometer 96 3.6.3 Amoozemeter, Compact Constant Head Permeameter 99 3.7 Soil Stability, Dispersion, and Slaking 106 3.7.1 Aggregate Stability 106 3.7.1.1 Wet Sieving, Air-Dry, 2 to 1 mm, 2- to 0.5-mm Aggregates Retained 106 3.7.1.2 Wet Sieving, Air-Dry, <2 mm, >0.25 mm Aggregates Retained 108 3.7.2 Slaking as Measure of Soil Stability when Exposed to Rapid Wetting 110 3.7.3 Dispersion as an Indicator of Soil Sodicity and Permeability (Crumb Test) 112 3.7.4 Dispersion, Electrical Conductivity (EC), and pH as Indicators of Soil Salinity, Acidity, and Sodicity 114 3.7.5 Slaking (Disaggregation) for Identification and Semiquantification of Cemented Materials 116 3.8 Soil Water Repellency 127 3.8.1 Water Drop Penetration Test (WDPT) 127 3.8.2 Mini-disk Infiltrometer 129 v 3.9 Engineering Tests 133 3.9.1 Atterberg Limits 133 3.9.1.1 Liquid Limit (LL) 133 3.9.1.1.1.1 Air-Dry, <0.4 mm 133 3.9.1.1.2.1 Field-Moist, <0.4 mm 133 3.9.1.2 Plasticity Index 133 3.9.1.2.1.1 Air-Dry, <0.4 mm 133 3.9.1.2.2.1 Field-Moist, <0.4 mm 133 3.9.2 United Soil Classification System Using Field Procedures 133 3.9.2.1 Grain Size and Gradation 134 3.9.2.2 Liquid Limit Evaluation 134 3.9.2.3 Dilatency Test 135 3.9.2.4 Toughness Test and Plasticity Evaluation 136 3.9.2.5 Ribbon Test 136 3.9.2.6 Shine Test 137 3.9.2.7 Dry Strength Test 137 3.9.2.8 Odor Test 138 3.9.2.9 Evaluation of Clean and Dirty Sands and Gravel 138 3.9.2.10 Field Description of Fine-Grained Soils 139 3.9.2.11 Field Description of Coarse-Grained Soils 140 3.9.2.12 Borderline Classifications 141 4.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Morphological Characteristics and Classification of Soils Derived from Diverse Parent Materials in Central Cross River State, Nigeria
    GLOBAL JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES VOL. 14, NO. 3, 2008: 271 - 277 271 COPYRIGHT (C) BACHUDO SCIENCES CO. LTD. PRINTED IN NIGERIA. 1SSN 1118-0579 MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF SOILS DERIVED FROM DIVERSE PARENT MATERIALS IN CENTRAL CROSS RIVER STATE, NIGERIA M. E. NSOR and I. J. IBANGA (Received 5 October 2007; Revision Accepted 5 December 2007) ABSTRACT Variation in soil characteristics is usually a reflection of the difference in materials from which the soil was formed. This study sought to investigate the characteristics of soils formed on different parent materials with a view to classifying them. This study was carried out in selected soils derived from three major types of parent materials in central Cross River State, South Eastern Nigeria. A total of six (6) pedons were excavated, two (2) pedons in each of the identified parent materials. The parent materials were Sandstone-shale-siltstone intercalations. Basement complex and Basalt. The study indicated that soils derived from sandstone-shale-siltstone materials are characterized by ochric sandy loam and loamy sand epipedons with moderate medium sub-angular blocky structures. These soils are also light coloured with dominant hues of 7.5YR with hard to slightly hard and hard to very hard dry consistence at the surface and sub-soil respectively. Soils of basement complex are characterized by the possession of loamy sand epipedons with weak medium crumb and sub-angular blocky structures having predominantly dull yellowish brown and bright yellowish brown colours at the surface and sub-soils. The dry consistences of the surface soils are slightly hard while the sub-soils are hard to very hard.
    [Show full text]
  • Sborník Příspěvků Z Konference Pedologické Dny, Velké Bílovice, 2003
    PEDOGENEZE A KVALITATIVNÍ ZMĚNY PŮD V PODMÍNKÁCH PŘÍRODNÍCH A ANTROPICKY OVLIVNĚNÝCH ÚZEMÍ Bořivoj ŠARAPATKA a Marek BEDNÁŘ (Eds.) Sborník referátů z 11. pedologických dnů KOUTY NAD DESNOU, 20.–21. 9. 2006 Editoři © Bořivoj Šarapatka, Marek Bednář, 2006 1. vydání Olomouc 2006 ISBN 80-244-1448-1 2 ÚVOD Vážené kolegyně a kolegové, letošní již 11. pedologické dny jsme zasadili do horské oblasti mikro - regionu Jeseníky. Území, ve kterém strávíme dva jistě pěkné a přínosné dny, je velmi cenné přírodovědně. Na rozloze 740 km2 se zde nachází chráněná krajinná oblast Jeseníky. Na různorodém geologickém podloží se vyvinula unikátní společenstva rostlin a živočichů, která byla začleně- na do reprezentativní sítě zvláště chráněných území. Snad nejvýznamněj- ším maloplošným chráněným územím je známá NPR Praděd s takovým přírodním fenoménem, jakým je ledovcový kar Velké kotliny, který náleží botanicky k druhově nejbohatším lokalitám ve střední Evropě. Zájmové území mikroregionu není významné pouze z přírodo- vědného hlediska. Je i intenzivně zemědělsky a lesnicky obhospodařová- no. Od středověkého osídlení postupně docházelo k trvalému odlesňo- vání a zemědělskému využití území, vyšší polohy regionu zůstávaly bez trvalých sídel. Dnes na zemědělské půdě v oblasti dominují trvalé travní porosty. Nebylo tomu ale tak vždy, o čemž svědčí nejen hospodaření po druhé světové válce, ale i starší údaje např. z 19. století. Tehdy v jesenické oblasti tvořila orná půda více než 70 % z celkové půdy zemědělské (na- příklad v Loučné to bylo v roce 1900 74,8 %). O využití krajiny jak z pohledu zemědělského, tak lesnického bude pojednávat řada konferenčních příspěvků. Většinou budou prezentovat široký záběr týkající se nových poznatků o pedogenezi a kvalitativních změnách půd, a to jak v podmínkách přírodních, tak antropicky ovliv- něných území.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Drawing: Selecting Your Paper
    Published on L'atelier Canson (https://www.lateliercanson.com) Accueil > Technical drawing: Selecting your paper Retour à la liste d'articles [1] Technical drawing: Selecting your paper [2] Le matériel [5] Notez cet article Give Technical drawing: ? Selecting your paper 3/5 Taux Texture, format, thickness, grid: a wide range of paper, tracing paper and transparent film readily adapts to all your creations. 1. Grammage It conditions the paper's thickness and is measured as grams per square meter: fine papers (under 90 g/m²) are appropriate for sketching, intermediate (up to 200 g/m²), adapt to most kinds of work, thick (300 g and more) are designed for wet media such as watercolor. 2. Format It is standardized and comes in six formats: from A0 (1 (m)2), up to A5 (the smallest one). Each format represents half of the previous one. Most used are the two classics, A3 and A4. 3. Texture The quality of a technical drawing relies on perfect lines: opt for slightly textured paper, whether fine grained or satin finish, and even completely smooth, such as Bristol board. Memo: There?s a paper for every medium Graphite: white or slightly tinted (beige, ocher, gray?). Color pencils: fine grained to make the pigments hold. Markers: paper known as "layout" paper holds ink and limits smudges. 4. Graph paper Technical drawing implies high precision. Choose it taking your subject's constraints into account. White drawing paper and Bristol board are available as graph paper. The covers of "to scale" pads of tracing paper come as 5 mm grid charts.
    [Show full text]
  • World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014 International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps
    ISSN 0532-0488 WORLD SOIL RESOURCES REPORTS 106 World reference base for soil resources 2014 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 Cover photographs (left to right): Ekranic Technosol – Austria (©Erika Michéli) Reductaquic Cryosol – Russia (©Maria Gerasimova) Ferralic Nitisol – Australia (©Ben Harms) Pellic Vertisol – Bulgaria (©Erika Michéli) Albic Podzol – Czech Republic (©Erika Michéli) Hypercalcic Kastanozem – Mexico (©Carlos Cruz Gaistardo) Stagnic Luvisol – South Africa (©Márta Fuchs) Copies of FAO publications can be requested from: SALES AND MARKETING GROUP Information Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Viale delle Terme di Caracalla 00100 Rome, Italy E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (+39) 06 57053360 Web site: http://www.fao.org WORLD SOIL World reference base RESOURCES REPORTS for soil resources 2014 106 International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps Update 2015 FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2015 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of FAO.
    [Show full text]
  • TECHNICAL REPORT – PATENT ANALYSIS Enhancing Productivity in the Indian Paper and Pulp Sector
    TECHNICAL REPORT – PATENT ANALYSIS Enhancing Productivity in the Indian Paper and Pulp Sector 2018 TABLE OF contEnts ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 10 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 11 1 INTRODUCTION 13 2 OVERVIEW OF THE PULP AND PAPER SECTOR 15 2.1. Status of the Indian Paper Industry 15 2.2. Overview of the Pulp and Papermaking Process 20 2.3. Patenting in the Paper and Pulp Industry: A Historical Perspective 22 2.4. Environmental Impact of the Pulp and Paper Industry 25 3 METHODOLOGY 27 3.1. Search Strategy 27 4 ANALYSIS OF PATENT DOCUMENTS USING GPI 31 4.1. Papermaking; Production of Cellulose (IPC or CPC class D21) 31 4.2. Analysis of Patenting Activity in Different Technology Areas using GPI 38 5 ANALYSIS OF THE INDIAN PATENT SCENARIO WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF THIS REPORT 81 5.1. Analysis of Patents Filed in India 81 6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 91 REFERENCES 93 ANNEXURE 94 Annexure 1. Technologies related to paper manufacturing 94 Annexure 2. Sustainable/green technologies related to pulp and paper sector 119 Annexure 3. Emerging Technology Areas 127 List OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Geographical Spread of Figure 4.11: (d) Applicant vs. Date of Indian Paper Mills .................................16 Priority Graph: Paper-Making Machines Figure 2.2: Share of Different Segments and Methods ........................................42 in Total Paper Production .......................19 Figure 4.11: (e) Applicant vs. Date of Figure 2.3: Variety Wise Production of Priority Graph: Calendars and Accessories ..43 Paper from Different Raw Materials ........19 Figure 4.11: (f) Applicant vs. Date of Figure 2.4: Different Varieties of Paper Priority Graph: Pulp or Paper Comprising Made from Various Raw Materials ..........19 Synthetic Cellulose or Non-Cellulose Fibres ..43 Figure 2.5: Diagram of a Process Block Figure 4.11: (g) Applicant vs.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 Soils/Land Use Study Resources
    2021 NCF Envirothon Soil Test Study Guide Lincoln, Nebraska 2021 NCF-Envirothon Nebraska Soils and Land Use Study Resources Key Topic #1: Physical Properties of Soil and Soil Formation 1. Describe the five soil forming factors, and how they influence soil properties. 2. Explain the defining characteristics of a soil describing how the basic soil forming processes influence affect these characteristics in different types of soil. 3. Identify different types of parent material, their origins, and how they impact the soil that develops from them. 4. Identify and describe soil characteristics (horizon, texture, structure, color). 5. Identify and understand physical features of soil profiles and be able to use this information interpret soil properties and limitations. Study Resources Sample Soil Description Scorecard – University of Nebraska – Lincoln Land Judging Documents, edited by Judy Turk, 2021 (Pages 3-4) Soil Description Field Manual Reference – University of Nebraska – Lincoln Land Judging Documents, edited by Judy Turk, 2021 (Pages 5-17) Correlation of Field Texturing Soils by Feel, Understanding Soil Laboratory Data, and Use of the Soil Textural Triangle – Patrick Cowsert, 2021 (Pages 18-21) Tips for Measuring Percent Slope on Contour Maps – Excerpt from Forest Measurements by Joan DeYoung, 2018 (Pages 22-23) Glossary – Excerpts from Geomorphic Description System version 5.0, 2017, and Field Book for Describing Soils version 3.0, 2012 (Pages 24-27) Study Resources begin on the next page! Contestant Number Sample Soil Description Card Site/Pit Number Host: University of Nebraska – Lincoln Number of Horizons Lower Profile Depth 2021 –Scorecard Nail Depth A. Soil Morphology Part A Score __________ Moist Horizons Boundary Texture Color Redox.
    [Show full text]
  • The Polycons: the Sphericon (Or Tetracon) Has Found Its Family
    The polycons: the sphericon (or tetracon) has found its family David Hirscha and Katherine A. Seatonb a Nachalat Binyamin Arts and Crafts Fair, Tel Aviv, Israel; b Department of Mathematics and Statistics, La Trobe University VIC 3086, Australia ARTICLE HISTORY Compiled December 23, 2019 ABSTRACT This paper introduces a new family of solids, which we call polycons, which generalise the sphericon in a natural way. The static properties of the polycons are derived, and their rolling behaviour is described and compared to that of other developable rollers such as the oloid and particular polysphericons. The paper concludes with a discussion of the polycons as stationary and kinetic works of art. KEYWORDS sphericon; polycons; tetracon; ruled surface; developable roller 1. Introduction In 1980 inventor David Hirsch, one of the authors of this paper, patented `a device for generating a meander motion' [9], describing the object that is now known as the sphericon. This discovery was independent of that of woodturner Colin Roberts [22], which came to public attention through the writings of Stewart [28], P¨oppe [21] and Phillips [19] almost twenty years later. The object was named for how it rolls | overall in a line (like a sphere), but with turns about its vertices and developing its whole surface (like a cone). It was realised both by members of the woodturning [17, 26] and mathematical [16, 20] communities that the sphericon could be generalised to a series of objects, called sometimes polysphericons or, when precision is required and as will be elucidated in Section 4, the (N; k)-icons. These objects are for the most part constructed from frusta of a number of cones of differing apex angle and height.
    [Show full text]
  • Color Interpretation and Soil Textures
    COLOR INTERPRETATION AND SOIL TEXTURES ACT PRESENTATION 1 SEPTEMBER 2013 David Hammonds, Environmental Manager Florida Department of Health Division of Disease Control and Health Protection Bureau of Environmental Health Onsite Sewage Programs 850-245-4570 • Materials for the soils training section were provided by the FDOH, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Wade Hurt, Dr. Willie Harris, Dr. Mary Collins, Dr. Rex Ellis, the Florida Association of Environmental Soil Scientists, Dr. Michael Vepraskas, the University of Minnesota and the US EPA Design Manual. • Properly identifying soil morphology (soil characteristics observable in the field, including horizonation) is the most important step leading to a properly permitted, functional onsite sewage treatment and disposal system. If you make mistakes at this step, the worst‐case scenario is that the system will not meet required health standards and put the public at risk of waterborne disease. Properties used in describing soil layers Color: A key property in soil interpretation • Most evident • Influenced by Organic Matter (OM) and redox‐ sensitive metals such as Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) • REDOX=Oxidation/Reduction reaction‐ a process in which one or more substances are changed into others • Wetness affects OM and redox‐sensitive metals Basics: • Soil Color ‐ the dominant morphological feature used to predict the SHWT • Matrix – dominant (background) color(s) of soil horizon (can be ≥1 color) • Mottle – splotch of color, opposite of matrix • Redoximorphic (Redox) Features –specific features formed from oxidation‐reduction reactions used to predict seasonal high water tables, includes certain types and amounts of mottles. They are caused by the presence of water and minerals in the soil.
    [Show full text]
  • 19Th World Congress of Soil Science Working Group 1.1 the WRB
    19th World Congress of Soil Science Working Group 1.1 The WRB evolution Soil Solutions for a Changing World, Brisbane, Australia 1 – 6 August 2010 Table of Contents Page Table of Contents ii 1 Diversity and classification problems of sandy soils in subboreal 1 zone (Central Europe, Poland) 2 Finding a way through the maze – WRB classification with 5 descriptive soil data 3 Guidelines for constructing small-scale map legends using the 9 World Reference Base for Soil Resources 4 On the origin of Planosols – the process of ferrolysis revisited 13 5 Orphans in soil classification: Musing on Palaeosols in the 17 World Reference Base system 6 Pedometrics application for correlation of Hungarian soil types 21 with WRB 7 The classification of Leptosols in the World Reference Base for 25 Soil Resources 8 The World Reference Base for Soils (WRB) and Soil 28 Taxonomy: an initial appraisal of their application to the soils of the Northern Rivers of New South Wales 9 A short guide to the soils of South Africa, their distribution and 32 correlation with World Reference Base soil groups ii Diversity and classification problems of sandy soils in subboreal zone (Central Europe, Poland) Michał Jankowski Faculty of Biology and Earth Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland, Email [email protected] Abstract The aim of this study was to present some examples of sandy soils and to discuss their position in soil systematics. 8 profiles represent: 4 soils widely distributed in postglacial landscapes of Poland (Central Europe), typical for different geomorphological conditions and vegetation habitats (according to regional soil classification: Arenosol, Podzolic soil, Rusty soil and Mucky soil) and 4 soils having unusual features (Gleyic Podzol and Rusty soil developed in a CaCO 3-rich substratum and two profiles of red-colored Ochre soils).
    [Show full text]
  • Fragile | PLANTHOUSE July 3, 2020
    Fragile | PLANTHOUSE July 3, 2020 EXHIBITION CHECKLIST Mildred Beltré Noah Breuer Skin in the Game (Up), 2019 Swing Girl Terrycloth, 2019 Walnut ink and digital print 2019 Kiln Formed Glass 22 x 30 inches 17 x 20 x 1 inch $1,500 $1,600 Mildred Beltré Skin in the Game (Reverse), 2019 Walnut ink and digital print Noah Breuer 22 x 30 inches $1,500 Red Tablecloth, 2019 Kiln Formed Glass 15 x 13 x 13 inches $2,000 Mildred Beltré Skin in the Game (Away), 2019 Walnut ink and digital print 22 x 30 inches Noah Breuer $1,500 Spring Green Placemat, 2019 Kiln Formed Glass 17 x 20 x 1 inch $1,600 Anders Bergstrom June 2020 Number 7, 2020 Victoria Burge Monotype and relief printing on Notation 8, 2018 Akatosashi hand-printed and folded Pencil and gesso on sheet music 3 1/8 x 2 x 1 1/2 inches 8.5 x 8 inches $1,500 $800 55 WEST 28TH STREET NEW YORK, NY 10001 PLANTHOUSE.NET Fragile | PLANTHOUSE July 3, 2020 EXHIBITION CHECKLIST Victoria Burge Greg Foley Notation 12, 2019 Ashoka (after Ettore Sottsass), 2019 Pencil and gesso on antique graph paper Dye sublimation on aluminum 12.5 x 10 inches 24 x 24 inches, circular $1,200 Edition of 3 $2,500 Louise Eastman Greg Foley Dice 1/6, 2020 Cerchio (after Nathalie Du Pasquier), 2019 Monoprint on manila folder Dye sublimation on aluminum 17 1/2 x 12 inches 24 x 24 inches, circular Published by artist, Printed at Russel Edition of 3 Janis Studio, Brooklyn NY $2,500 $200 Louise Eastman Greg Foley Dice 2/5, 2020 Hilton (after Javier Mariscal), 2019 Monoprints on manila folders Dye sublimation on aluminum 17 1/2 x
    [Show full text]
  • School Supplies 2020-21
    ST. JOHN THE EVANGELIST REGIONAL CATHOLIC SCHOOL SUPPLIES LIST 2020-2021 PRESCHOOL GRADE 2 PLEASE LABEL ALL ITEMS WITH CHILD’S NAME 2 STURDY POCKET FOLDERS (BOTTOM POCKETS ONLY) 24 #2 PENCILS WITH ERASERS (SHARPENED) 2 BOX OF 8 LARGE SIZE CRAYOLA CRAYONS – BASIC COLORS 1 12” RULER (MUST INCLUDE METRIC MEASUREMENTS) 1 ROLL OF PAPER TOWELS (NOT JUMBO) 1 BOTTLE OF ELMER’S GLUE – 8 0Z AND 2 GLUE STICKS 1 BOTTLE HAND SANITIZER 1 PAIR SCISSORS (CHILD SIZE WITH POINTED EDGE) 1 BOX OF DISINFECTING WIPES 2 POCKET FOLDERS (SPANISH AND HOMEWORK) 1 REAM OF 8 ½ x 11 WHITE COPY PAPER 3 POCKET FOLDERS – WILL BE LABLED FOR YOUR CHILD 1 PACK OF GLUE STICKS 1 BOX 24 COUNT CRAYOLA CRAYON 1 LG. BOX TISSUES 1 WATER COLOR PAINT SET (16 COUNT) 1 PKG. NAPKINS 6 COMPOSITION BOOKS (BLACK AND WHITE SEWN BINDING) 1 FULL SIZE SINGLE ZIPPER BACK PACK 1 HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT BOOK PURCHASED FROM OFFICE 10 POSTAGE STAMPS 2 BOOK COVERS (NO CONTACT PAPER) 1 SOFT ZIPPERED PENCIL CASE (LARGE ENOUGH FOR SUPPLIES TO FIT) 1 KINDERMAT FOR REST PERIOD-STANDARD SIZE (5/8 X 19 X 45) 1 PACK OF ADDITION FLASHCARDS (KEEP AT HOME TO PRACTICE) (FOR PRE-4 ONLY) 1 PACK OF SUBTRACTION FLASHCARDS (KEEP AT HOME TO PRACTICE) 3 CONTAINERS OF DISINFECTING WIPES 1 BINDER 3 LARGE BOXES OF KLEENEX TISSUE 8 POSTAGE STAMPS 1 SMALL PENCIL SHARPENER WITH COVER BOOK BAG 3 REAMS OF 8 ½ X 11 WHITE COPY PAPER KINDERGARTEN GRADE 3 2 POCKET FOLDERS (BOTTOM POCKETS ONLY) 4 BOXES OF 24 COUNT CRAYONS 4 BOXES OF 8 CRAYOLA CRAYONS– 8 BASIC COLORS-Regular Size 1 WATER COLOR PAIN SET (16 COUNT) 1 WATERCOLOR PAINT
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Classification Following the US Taxonomy: an Indian Commentary
    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/280114947 Soil Classification Following the US Taxonomy: An Indian Commentary ARTICLE · JULY 2015 DOI: 10.2136/sh14-08-0011 DOWNLOADS VIEWS 21 27 1 AUTHOR: Tapas Bhattacharyya International Crops Research Institute for Se… 110 PUBLICATIONS 848 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Tapas Bhattacharyya Retrieved on: 19 August 2015 provided by ICRISAT Open Access Repository View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk CORE brought to you by Published July 17, 2015 Review Soil Classification Following the US Taxonomy: An Indian Commentary T. Bhattacharyya,* P. Chandran, S.K. Ray, and D.K. Pal More than 50 yr ago US soil taxonomy was adopted in India. Since then many researchers have contributed their thoughts to enrich the soil taxonomy. The National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS & LUP) (Indian Council of Agricultural Research) as a premier soil survey institute has been consistently using benchmark soil series to understand the rationale of the soil taxonomy, keeping in view the soil genesis from different rock systems under various physiographic locations in tropical India. The present review is a humble effort to present this information. ne of the fundamental requirements of any natural science minerals, higher categories of soil classification were conceptu- Ois to classify the proposed bodies or the objects stud- alized (Duchaufour, 1968). The concept of genetic profiles was ied (Joel, 1926). Soils do not exist as discrete objects like plants used in early and current Russian soil classification schemes and animals but occur in nature as a complex and dynamic (Gerasimov, 1975; Gorajichkin et al., 2003).
    [Show full text]