DOCSLIB.ORG

NASA Space Exploration Vehicle

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
NASA Space Exploration Vehicle Extravehicular Support Vehicles • Planetary rovers • Space Exploration Vehicle(s) • Bottle suits, Flexcraft, Space Utility Vehicles, and other single-person spacecraft © 2017 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 1 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 2 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Early Rover Concept U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 3 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support First Lunar Outpost Rover U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 4 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Early Constellation Rover Concept U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 5 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support NASA Space Exploration Vehicle U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 6 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Multi-Mode SEV (Moon/Mars) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 7 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Multi-Mode SEV (Microgravity) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 8 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support MMSEV Cockpit Concept U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 9 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 10 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support The Future In-Space Worksite U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 11 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Space Utility Vehicle Concepts U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 12 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Definition of a Space Utility Vehicle • Shirtsleeve environment for one or more crew • Ability to maneuver to, from, and around a space worksite • Ability to directly manipulate components in the worksite • Dedicated to the space mission (i.e., not capable of launch and entry/descent/landing) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 13 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Half a Century of Concepts... U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 14 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support ...and Little to Nothing to Show for It... • No flight hardware • Few (if any) significant ground analogue studies • Few detailed design studies (and many of those have been lost) • Few publications • Pretty much ignored in mission architectures U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 15 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support ...Not Even a Name • “Pod” • “Bottle Suit” • “Manned Autonomous Work System” • “Space Construction and Orbital Utility Transport” • “Manned On-Orbit Servicing System” • “Tunnel Suit” • “Flexcraft” • “Orbital Work System” but we always seem to come back to... U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 16 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support The Name from Hell “Man in a Can” U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 17 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support The Canonical System Studies • Looking for SUV system designs with sufficient published data to quantify critical mission parameters • Had to include studies not necessarily of SUVs, but of systems with SUV capabilities • Comprehensive search led to six candidates – Manned Orbital Transfer Vehicle - Grumman (1979) – Manned Remote Work Station - Grumman (1979) – Manned On-Orbit Servicing Equipment - UMd (1993) – Space Construction and Orbital Utility Transport - UMd (2003) – MAWS/Flexcraft - Griffin/NASA Marshall (1988/2011) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 18 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Manned Orbital Transfer Vehicle (MOTV) Grumman Aerospace - 1979 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 19 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Manned Remote Work Station (MRWS) Grumman Aerospace - 1979 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 20 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Manned On-Orbit Servicing Equipment (MOOSE) University of Maryland - 1993 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 21 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Space Construction and Orbital Utility Transport (SCOUT) University of Maryland - 2003 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 22 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support MAWS/Flexcraft Griffin/Hudson - 1988 NASA Marshall - 2011 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 23 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Multimode Space Exploration Vehicle (MMSEV) NASA Johnson - 2011 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 24 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support SUV Design Parameter Compilation U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 25 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Vehicle Mass vs. Pressurized Volume 8000! ! 7000! 6000! 5000! Flexcraft! 4000! MOOSE! SCOUT! 3000! MRWS! 2000! MOTV! Vehicle Mass (kg) Vehicle 1000! MMSEV! 0! 0! 5! 10! 15! Pressurized Volume (m^3)! U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 26 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Specific Mass vs. Volume 700! ! 600! 500! Flexcraft! 400! MOOSE! 300! SCOUT! MRWS! 200! MOTV! 100! MMSEV! Specific Mass(kg/m^3) 0! 0! 5! 10! 15! Pressurized Volume (m^3)! U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 27 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Volume Allocation vs. Celentano Curves 12! ! 10! Flexcraft! 8! MOOSE! SCOUT! 6! MRWS! MOTV! 4! MMSEV! Volume/Crew (m^3) Volume/Crew 2! Tolerable! Performance! 0! Optimum! 0! 50! 100! 150! 200! Sortie Duration (hrs)! U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 28 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support SUV Design Study Assumptions • Single-person spacecraft • Suit arms, dexterous robotics, and grappling arms • No suit or suitport • Dual SUV sorties for reliability • Transport two crew in contingency • Dual docking interfaces • 10-12 hour sorties U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 29 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Safety Implications of Dual SUV System Crew failure incapacitated Life support Life support functional nonfunctional Second SUV Bail out in Transfer to docks and space suit second SUV transports to base Issues of Second environment, suit Pressurized docking port life support volume sized required for duration, first aid, for two crew crew egress transport to base (contingency) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 30 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Pressure Hull Sizing Study • Match pressure hull volumetric shape to human --> cylindrical hull • Assume height of 2.13m (84in) and vary diameter • Maintain constant diameter cylinder to allow docking interface on each end U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 31 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Variation of Hull Diameter 0.76 m 0.91 m 1.07 m 1.22 m 30 in 36 in 42 in 48 in U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 32 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Variation of Volume with Diameter U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 33 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Estimated Mass with Diameter Mass estimating relationships used from JSC-26098 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 34 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Two-Person Contingency Transport Hull diameter shown 1.07 m (42 in) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 35 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Comparison to Previous Designs SCOUT Flexcraft U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 36 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support (Very) Notional SUV Configuration U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 37 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support (Very) Notional SUV Configuration U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 38 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support External EVA Work Control Station • External operations including use of suit arms • Head in bubble helmet and arms in suit arms • Supervisory control of manipulators and vehicle by voice and gestural commands • Displays projected in bubble SCOUT image U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 39 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support External Robotic Control Station • External operations involving vehicle control or robotic manipulation • Head in bubble and arms internal on hand controllers • Simple motion to withdraw head to access supplemental internal displays SCOUT image U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 40 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Internal Control Station • Crew entirely inside cylindrical volume • Operations using conventional controls and displays • Cameras available for external reference • Used for vehicle systems monitoring, orbital maneuvering, crew operations SCOUT image U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 41 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Critical SUV Design Parameters (1) • Interaction with the work site – Robotics and suit arms – Allows crew to be “hands on” with work site when necessary with maximum environmental protection • Crew complement – One – Two crew in two spacecraft minimize LOC probability when
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Domi Inter Astra
    Team members Alice Sueko Müller | Anshoo Mehra | Chaitnya Chopra | Ekaterina Seltikova Isabel Alonso Serrano | James Xie | Jay Kamdar | Julie Pradel | Kunal Kulkarni Matej Poliaček | Myles Harris | Nitya Jagadam | Richal Abhang | Ruvimbo Samanga | Sagarika Rao Valluri Sanket Kalambe | Sejal Budholiya | Selene Cannelli Space Generation Advisory Council Team 1 Contents Society and Culture 3 Tourist Attractions 3 Astronaut and Tourist Selection 3 Architecture 4 Module 1: Greenhouse, Guest Amenities, Medicine, and Environmental Control 5 Module 2: Social Space and Greenhouse 5 Module 3: Kitchen, Fitness, Hygiene, and Social 6 Module 3: Sky-view 6 Module 4: Crew Bedrooms and Private Social Space 6 Module 5: Workspace 6 Management and Politics 7 Governance, Ownership, and Intellectual Property 7 Crew Operations 7 Base Management System 8 Safety & Emergency Planning 8 Engineering 9 Landing & Settlement Site 9 Settlement Structure 10 Robotics and Extravehicular Activities (EVAs) 10 Construction Timeline 11 Communications System 12 Critical Life Support (Air & Water) Systems 12 Thermal System 13 Food & Human Waste Recycling 14 Other Waste 14 Technical Floor Plan 14 Power Generation & Storage 14 Economy 16 Capital & Operating Costs 16 Revenue Generation 17 Tourism & Outreach 17 Commercial Activities 18 Lunar Manufacturing 18 References 20 ntariksha, aptly meaning ‘the universe’ in to be a giant leap for all the young girls around the Sanskrit, is an avid stargazer fascinated world, and she knew something incredible is waiting by the blanket of splurging stars she saw to be known. from her village in North East India. To- day, her joy knew no bounds upon learn- “Each civilization must become space-faring or ex- ingA that she would get a chance to visit Domi Inter tinct”.
    [Show full text]
  • Project Horizon Report
    Volume I · SUMMARY AND SUPPORTING CONSIDERATIONS UNITED STATES · ARMY CRD/I ( S) Proposal t c• Establish a Lunar Outpost (C) Chief of Ordnance ·cRD 20 Mar 1 95 9 1. (U) Reference letter to Chief of Ordnance from Chief of Research and Devel opment, subject as above. 2. (C) Subsequent t o approval by t he Chief of Staff of reference, repre­ sentatives of the Army Ballistic ~tissiles Agency indicat e d that supplementar y guidance would· be r equired concerning the scope of the preliminary investigation s pecified in the reference. In particular these r epresentatives requested guidance concerning the source of funds required to conduct the investigation. 3. (S) I envision expeditious development o! the proposal to establish a lunar outpost to be of critical innportance t o the p. S . Army of the future. This eva luation i s appar ently shar ed by the Chief of Staff in view of his expeditious a pproval and enthusiastic endorsement of initiation of the study. Therefore, the detail to be covered by the investigation and the subs equent plan should be as com­ plete a s is feas ible in the tin1e limits a llowed and within the funds currently a vailable within t he office of t he Chief of Ordnance. I n this time of limited budget , additional monies are unavailable. Current. programs have been scrutinized r igidly and identifiable "fat'' trimmed awa y. Thus high study costs are prohibitive at this time , 4. (C) I leave it to your discretion t o determine the source and the amount of money to be devoted to this purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • Mobile Lunar and Planetary Base Architectures
    Space 2003 AIAA 2003-6280 23 - 25 September 2003, Long Beach, California Mobile Lunar and Planetary Bases Marc M. Cohen, Arch.D. Advanced Projects Branch, Mail Stop 244-14, NASA-Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035-1000 TEL 650 604-0068 FAX 650 604-0673 [email protected] ABSTRACT This paper presents a review of design concepts over three decades for developing mobile lunar and planetary bases. The idea of the mobile base addresses several key challenges for extraterrestrial surface bases. These challenges include moving the landed assets a safe distance away from the landing zone; deploying and assembling the base remotely by automation and robotics; moving the base from one location of scientific or technical interest to another; and providing sufficient redundancy, reliability and safety for crew roving expeditions. The objective of the mobile base is to make the best use of the landed resources by moving them to where they will be most useful to support the crew, carry out exploration and conduct research. This review covers a range of surface mobility concepts that address the mobility issue in a variety of ways. These concepts include the Rockwell Lunar Sortie Vehicle (1971), Cintala’s Lunar Traverse caravan, 1984, First Lunar Outpost (1992), Frassanito’s Lunar Rover Base (1993), Thangavelu’s Nomad Explorer (1993), Kozlov and Shevchenko’s Mobile Lunar Base (1995), and the most recent evolution, John Mankins’ “Habot” (2000-present). The review compares the several mobile base approaches, then focuses on the Habot approach as the most germane to current and future exploration plans.
    [Show full text]
  • Template for Two-Page Abstracts in Word 97 (PC)
    SAMPLE CURATION AT A LUNAR OUTPOST. C. C. Allen 1, G. E. Lofgren1, A. H. Treiman2, and M. L. Lindstrom3 1NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058 USA [email protected] [email protected] 2Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058 USA [email protected] 3NASA Headquarters, Washing- ton, DC 20546 USA [email protected] Introduction: The six Apollo surface missions re- particularly iron-rich pyroclastic glass and ilmenite- turned 2,196 individual rock and soil samples, with a bearing material. Ice-rich deposits have been pre- total mass of 381.6 kg [1]. Samples were collected dicted in permanently-shadowed locations, and the based on visual examination by the astronauts and con- verification of such deposits is an import goal for lunar sultation with geologists in the science “back room” in exploration. Other volatiles, derived from volcanic Houston. The samples were photographed during col- emissions or implanted by the solar wind, may also lection, packaged in uniquely-identified containers, prove valuable resources. and transported to the Lunar Module. All samples Lunar Outpost Curation Studies: Concepts for collected on the Moon were returned to Earth. the collection of samples at lunar outposts were stud- NASA’s upcoming return to the Moon will be dif- ied intensively in the years following Apollo. The ferent. Astronauts will have extended stays at an out- 1988 “Geoscience at a Lunar Base” workshop [2] care- post and will collect more samples than they will re- fully considered the curation and analysis of samples turn. They will need curation and analysis facilities on on the Moon’s surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Extending NASA™S Exploration Systems Architecture Towards Long
    SpaceOps 2006 Conference AIAA 2006-5746 Extending NASA’s Exploration Systems Architecture towards Long - term Crewed Moon and Mars Operations Wilfried K. Hofstetter *, Paul D. Wooster †, Edward F. Crawley ‡ Massac husetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge, MA, 02139 This pape r presents a baseline strategy for extending lunar crew transportation system operations as outlined in NASA’s Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS) report towards longer -stay lunar surface operations and conjunction class Mars missions. The analys is of options for commonality between initial lunar sortie operations and later Moon and Mars exploration missions is essential for reducing life -cycle cost and pr oviding low - investment / high -return options for extending exploration capabilities soon afte r the 7 th human lunar landing . The analysis is also intended to inform the development of the human lunar lander and other exploration system elements by identifying enabling requirements for extension of the lunar crew tr ansportation system. The baseline strategy outlined in this paper was generated using a three -step process : the analysis of exploration objectives and scenarios, identification of functional and operational extension options , and the conceptual design of a set of preferred extension option s. Extension options include (but are not limited to) the use of the human lunar lander as outpost for extended stays, and Mars crew transportation using evolved Crew Exploration Vehicle ( CEV ) and human lander crew compartments. Although t he results presen ted in this paper are based on the ES AS elements , the conclusions drawn in this paper are generally applicable provided the same l unar transportation mode (lunar orbit rendezvous) is used .
    [Show full text]
  • 4. Lunar Architecture
    4. Lunar Architecture 4.1 Summary and Recommendations As defined by the Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS), the lunar architecture is a combination of the lunar “mission mode,” the assignment of functionality to flight elements, and the definition of the activities to be performed on the lunar surface. The trade space for the lunar “mission mode,” or approach to performing the crewed lunar missions, was limited to the cislunar space and Earth-orbital staging locations, the lunar surface activities duration and location, and the lunar abort/return strategies. The lunar mission mode analysis is detailed in Section 4.2, Lunar Mission Mode. Surface activities, including those performed on sortie- and outpost-duration missions, are detailed in Section 4.3, Lunar Surface Activities, along with a discussion of the deployment of the outpost itself. The mission mode analysis was built around a matrix of lunar- and Earth-staging nodes. Lunar-staging locations initially considered included the Earth-Moon L1 libration point, Low Lunar Orbit (LLO), and the lunar surface. Earth-orbital staging locations considered included due-east Low Earth Orbits (LEOs), higher-inclination International Space Station (ISS) orbits, and raised apogee High Earth Orbits (HEOs). Cases that lack staging nodes (i.e., “direct” missions) in space and at Earth were also considered. This study addressed lunar surface duration and location variables (including latitude, longi- tude, and surface stay-time) and made an effort to preserve the option for full global landing site access. Abort strategies were also considered from the lunar vicinity. “Anytime return” from the lunar surface is a desirable option that was analyzed along with options for orbital and surface loiter.
    [Show full text]
  • Lunar Architecture Analysis
    Lunar Architecture Analysis Ed Crawley Massachusetts Institute of Technology February 25 th , 2009 Thanks to: Bruce Cameron, Theo Seher, Bill Simmons, Arthur Guest, Wilfried Hofstetter , Ryan Boas USCC Programmatic Workshop on NASA LSS Concepts © Ed Crawley Motivation for a Great Architecture • Architecture is design at the system level • We have before us the design of an unprecedented system to explore the solar system • The system must meet the differing and changing needs of many stakeholders • The system must be flexible, easily integrated, and have life-cycle affordability QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. • This is what sustainable and well architected systems do! USCC Programmatic Workshop on NASA LSS Concepts © Ed Crawley System Architecture • Architecture • The allocation of physical/informational function to elements of form , and definition of relationships* among the elements. Cost $$$ • Consists of: Form • Function • Related by Concept • To Form Benefit Function Concept • Establishes value equation * often, but not always defined by interfaces USCC Programmatic Workshop on NASA LSS Concepts © Ed Crawley Why is System Architecture Important? • Primary link between benefit and cost! • High leverage on an organization’s activities • Selection consumes a relatively small portion of an organization’s efforts, yet decision dictates majority of work. • Architecting can provide: • Cross project commonality and extensibility • Good interface control • Creative new solutions • Source
    [Show full text]
  • Lunar Outpost the Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on the Moon Erik Seedhouse Lunar Outpost the Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on the Moon
    Lunar Outpost The Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on the Moon Erik Seedhouse Lunar Outpost The Challenges of Establishing a Human Settlement on the Moon Published in association with Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK Dr Erik Seedhouse, F.B.I.S., As.M.A. Milton Ontario Canada SPRINGER±PRAXIS BOOKS IN SPACE EXPLORATION SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITOR: John Mason, M.Sc., B.Sc., Ph.D. ISBN 978-0-387-09746-6 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Library of Congress Control Number: 2008934751 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2009 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a speci®c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Project management: Originator Publishing Services, Gt Yarmouth, Norfolk, UK Printed on acid-free paper Contents Preface ............................................. xiii Acknowledgments ...................................... xvii About the author....................................... xix List of ®gures ........................................ xxi List of tables ........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Minimum Functionality Lunar Habitation Element
    Minimum Functionality Lunar Habitation Element by The University of Maryland Space Systems Laboratory Dr. David L. Akin Massimiliano Di Capua Adam D. Mirvis Omar W. Medina William Cannan Kevin Davis July 2009 ABSTRACT Title: MINIMUM FUNCTIONALITY LUNAR HABITATION ELEMENT Dr. David L. Akin, Massimiliano Di Capua, Adam D. Mirvis, Omar W. Medina, William Cannan, Kevin Davis University of Maryland - Space Systems Laboratory February 2009 NASA’s vision for the future of space exploration includes the establishment of a permanent human presence on the Moon through the Constellation program. Under the auspices of the NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate, the University of Mary- land Space Systems Laboratory has investigated, through literature reviews, a survey, and rigorous statistical methods, the definition of Minimal Functionality Habitation Element for medium duration lunar missions. By deploying a survey and making use of the Analyt- ical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methods, the study team determined a list of functions and their relative importance, as well as their impact on systems design/implementation. Based on the past literature and the survey results, four habitat concepts were proposed, focusing on interior space layout and prelim- inary systems sizing. Those concepts were then evaluated for habitability through virtual reality (VR) techniques and merged into a single design. Trade studies were conducted and the final design was defined. A full-scale functional mockup of the final concept was also implemented to enable more realistic human factors studies and to validate the VR techniques used previously. This study was funded by the NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD).
    [Show full text]
  • LPSC XXIV 983 the Purpose of the Artemis Program Is to Gather Vital Scientific and Engineering Data by Conducting Robotic Explor
    LPSC XXIV 983 OPPORTUNITY FOR EARLY SCIENCE RETURN BY THE ARTEMIS PRO6RAM " Charles Meyer, SN2, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston TX The purpose of the Artemis Program is to gather vital scientific and engineering data by conducting robotic exploration missions on the lunar surface both prior to and concurrent with human missions. The Artemis Program includes rapid, near-term development of a variety of small experimental and operational payloads, a low-cost capacity to deliver these payload to any location on the lunar surface, and the analysis of the data returned. The Artemis Program will provide opportunities to improve the understanding of lunar geosciences, to demonstrate the Moon's unique capacity as an astronomical platform to study the universe, to conduct scientific and technology development experiments, and to prepare for and complement human missions. "Human beings have never yet put their footprints on a new land and then turned back, never to return." [ 1] However, the return to the lunar surface should include a partnership of robots and humans working together [2]. Robotic missions should explore numerous places on the Moon based on site selection using data collected by lunar polar orbiters and Earth-based telescopic observation. Rovers should be used to reconnoiter the landing area and paths to be followed by human explorers. Once a site for a lunar base is selected, rovers should be used to extend the reach and capability of astronauts. Multi-spectral imaging systems and various analytical instruments on rovers will allow close-up observations of outcrops and preliminary selection of important samples to be returned to Earth.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Annual Meeting of LEAG-ICEUM-SRR (2008) V
    Program and Abstracts LPI Contribution No. 1446 Joint Annual Meeting of LEAG-ICEUM-SRR October 28–31, 2008 Cape Canaveral, Florida SPONSORED BY Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Lunar Exploration Analysis Group International Lunar Exploration Working Group Space Resources Roundtable CONVENERS Clive Neal, University of Notre Dame Steve Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute Bernard Foing, European Space Agency, International Lunar Exploration Working Group Leslie Gertsch, Missouri University of Science and Technology Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113 LPI Contribution No. 1446 Compiled in 2008 by LUNAR AND PLANETARY INSTITUTE The Lunar and Planetary Institute is operated by the Universities Space Research Association under a cooperative agreement with the Science Mission Directorate of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this volume are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Material in this volume may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, education, or personal research purposes; however, republication of any paper or portion thereof requires the written permission of the authors as well as the appropriate acknowledgment of this publication. Abstracts in this volume may be cited as Author A. B. (2008) Title of abstract. In Joint Annual Meeting of LEAG-ILEWG-SRR, p. XX. LPI Contribution No. 1446, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston. This volume is distributed by ORDER DEPARTMENT Lunar and Planetary Institute 3600 Bay Area Boulevard Houston TX 77058-1113, USA Phone: 281-486-2172 Fax: 281-486-2186 E-mail: [email protected] A limited number of copies are available for the cost of shipping and handling.
    [Show full text]
  • 4. Lunar Architecture
    4. Lunar Architecture 4.1 Summary and Recommendations As defined by the Exploration Systems Architecture Study (ESAS), the lunar architecture is a combination of the lunar “mission mode,” the assignment of functionality to flight elements, and the definition of the activities to be performed on the lunar surface. The trade space for the lunar “mission mode,” or approach to performing the crewed lunar missions, was limited to the cislunar space and Earth-orbital staging locations, the lunar surface activities duration and location, and the lunar abort/return strategies. The lunar mission mode analysis is detailed in Section 4.2, Lunar Mission Mode. Surface activities, including those performed on sortie- and outpost-duration missions, are detailed in Section 4.3, Lunar Surface Activities, along with a discussion of the deployment of the outpost itself. The mission mode analysis was built around a matrix of lunar- and Earth-staging nodes. Lunar-staging locations initially considered included the Earth-Moon L1 libration point, Low Lunar Orbit (LLO), and the lunar surface. Earth-orbital staging locations considered included due-east Low Earth Orbits (LEOs), higher-inclination International Space Station (ISS) orbits, and raised apogee High Earth Orbits (HEOs). Cases that lack staging nodes (i.e., “direct” missions) in space and at Earth were also considered. This study addressed lunar surface duration and location variables (including latitude, longi- tude, and surface stay-time) and made an effort to preserve the option for full global landing site access. Abort strategies were also considered from the lunar vicinity. “Anytime return” from the lunar surface is a desirable option that was analyzed along with options for orbital and surface loiter.
    [Show full text]