Extravehicular Support Vehicles • Planetary rovers • Space Exploration Vehicle(s) • Bottle suits, Flexcraft, Space Utility Vehicles, and other single-person spacecraft © 2017 David L. Akin - All rights reserved http://spacecraft.ssl.umd.edu U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 1 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Apollo Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 2 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Early Rover Concept U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 3 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support First Lunar Outpost Rover U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 4 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Early Constellation Rover Concept U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 5 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support NASA Space Exploration Vehicle U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 6 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Multi-Mode SEV (Moon/Mars) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 7 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Multi-Mode SEV (Microgravity) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 8 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support MMSEV Cockpit Concept U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 9 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 10 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support The Future In-Space Worksite U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 11 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Space Utility Vehicle Concepts U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 12 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Definition of a Space Utility Vehicle • Shirtsleeve environment for one or more crew • Ability to maneuver to, from, and around a space worksite • Ability to directly manipulate components in the worksite • Dedicated to the space mission (i.e., not capable of launch and entry/descent/landing) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 13 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Half a Century of Concepts... U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 14 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support ...and Little to Nothing to Show for It... • No flight hardware • Few (if any) significant ground analogue studies • Few detailed design studies (and many of those have been lost) • Few publications • Pretty much ignored in mission architectures U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 15 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support ...Not Even a Name • “Pod” • “Bottle Suit” • “Manned Autonomous Work System” • “Space Construction and Orbital Utility Transport” • “Manned On-Orbit Servicing System” • “Tunnel Suit” • “Flexcraft” • “Orbital Work System” but we always seem to come back to... U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 16 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support The Name from Hell “Man in a Can” U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 17 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support The Canonical System Studies • Looking for SUV system designs with sufficient published data to quantify critical mission parameters • Had to include studies not necessarily of SUVs, but of systems with SUV capabilities • Comprehensive search led to six candidates – Manned Orbital Transfer Vehicle - Grumman (1979) – Manned Remote Work Station - Grumman (1979) – Manned On-Orbit Servicing Equipment - UMd (1993) – Space Construction and Orbital Utility Transport - UMd (2003) – MAWS/Flexcraft - Griffin/NASA Marshall (1988/2011) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 18 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Manned Orbital Transfer Vehicle (MOTV) Grumman Aerospace - 1979 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 19 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Manned Remote Work Station (MRWS) Grumman Aerospace - 1979 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 20 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Manned On-Orbit Servicing Equipment (MOOSE) University of Maryland - 1993 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 21 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Space Construction and Orbital Utility Transport (SCOUT) University of Maryland - 2003 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 22 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support MAWS/Flexcraft Griffin/Hudson - 1988 NASA Marshall - 2011 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 23 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Multimode Space Exploration Vehicle (MMSEV) NASA Johnson - 2011 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 24 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support SUV Design Parameter Compilation U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 25 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Vehicle Mass vs. Pressurized Volume 8000! ! 7000! 6000! 5000! Flexcraft! 4000! MOOSE! SCOUT! 3000! MRWS! 2000! MOTV! Vehicle Mass (kg) Vehicle 1000! MMSEV! 0! 0! 5! 10! 15! Pressurized Volume (m^3)! U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 26 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Specific Mass vs. Volume 700! ! 600! 500! Flexcraft! 400! MOOSE! 300! SCOUT! MRWS! 200! MOTV! 100! MMSEV! Specific Mass(kg/m^3) 0! 0! 5! 10! 15! Pressurized Volume (m^3)! U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 27 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Volume Allocation vs. Celentano Curves 12! ! 10! Flexcraft! 8! MOOSE! SCOUT! 6! MRWS! MOTV! 4! MMSEV! Volume/Crew (m^3) Volume/Crew 2! Tolerable! Performance! 0! Optimum! 0! 50! 100! 150! 200! Sortie Duration (hrs)! U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 28 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support SUV Design Study Assumptions • Single-person spacecraft • Suit arms, dexterous robotics, and grappling arms • No suit or suitport • Dual SUV sorties for reliability • Transport two crew in contingency • Dual docking interfaces • 10-12 hour sorties U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 29 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Safety Implications of Dual SUV System Crew failure incapacitated Life support Life support functional nonfunctional Second SUV Bail out in Transfer to docks and space suit second SUV transports to base Issues of Second environment, suit Pressurized docking port life support volume sized required for duration, first aid, for two crew crew egress transport to base (contingency) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 30 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Pressure Hull Sizing Study • Match pressure hull volumetric shape to human --> cylindrical hull • Assume height of 2.13m (84in) and vary diameter • Maintain constant diameter cylinder to allow docking interface on each end U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 31 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Variation of Hull Diameter 0.76 m 0.91 m 1.07 m 1.22 m 30 in 36 in 42 in 48 in U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 32 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Variation of Volume with Diameter U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 33 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Estimated Mass with Diameter Mass estimating relationships used from JSC-26098 U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 34 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Two-Person Contingency Transport Hull diameter shown 1.07 m (42 in) U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 35 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Comparison to Previous Designs SCOUT Flexcraft U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 36 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support (Very) Notional SUV Configuration U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 37 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support (Very) Notional SUV Configuration U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 38 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support External EVA Work Control Station • External operations including use of suit arms • Head in bubble helmet and arms in suit arms • Supervisory control of manipulators and vehicle by voice and gestural commands • Displays projected in bubble SCOUT image U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 39 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support External Robotic Control Station • External operations involving vehicle control or robotic manipulation • Head in bubble and arms internal on hand controllers • Simple motion to withdraw head to access supplemental internal displays SCOUT image U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 40 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Internal Control Station • Crew entirely inside cylindrical volume • Operations using conventional controls and displays • Cameras available for external reference • Used for vehicle systems monitoring, orbital maneuvering, crew operations SCOUT image U N I V E R S I T Y O F Extravehicular Activity MARYLAND 41 ENAE 697 - Space Human Factors and Life Support Critical SUV Design Parameters (1) • Interaction with the work site – Robotics and suit arms – Allows crew to be “hands on” with work site when necessary with maximum environmental protection • Crew complement – One – Two crew in two spacecraft minimize LOC probability when