Field Guide to Insects and Diseases of Arizona and New Mexico Forests

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Field Guide to Insects and Diseases of Arizona and New Mexico Forests

Root Disease Tomentosus Root Disease Onnia tomentosa (Fr.) P. Karst Hosts: Spruce and Douglas-fir Symptoms/signs: Fruiting bodies of onnia tomentosa most commonly develop in August and September. They are small (usually less than 10 cm in diameter), mushroom shaped, and have a lower pore surface from which the spores are released. Although leathery, they are annual. The upper surface is yellow-brown to rust-brown and velvety, and becomes dark brown with age. The early stage of decay is characterized by a red-brown discoloration in the heartwood of roots. The late stage is also reddish brown but appears lighter because of numerous small elongate pockets with pointed ends, filled with white mycelium. This type of decay is known as a white pocket rot. The most distinctive characteristic of tomentosus rot is that a Figure 274. Leathery O. tomentosa fruiting body. cross section of an infected stem in advanced stages of decay has a honeycomb appearance. Biology: Tomentosus root disease spreads primarily by root-to-root contact, however, infection by spores can occur through deep wounds in roots. There is no evidence that spores colonize stump surfaces as with annosus root disease. Diseased trees occur singly or in groups. The fungus spreads both outward in roots and up into the butt. Diseased roots have dead, decayed distal portions and red-brown, resin-soaked wood extending into the living portion and 196 Root Disease the butt. Advanced decay develops slowly and expands to involve both deep-lying wood and sapwood near the cambium. Infected trees often die standing, but sometimes blow over while alive because of advanced decay in major roots or butt. O. tomentosa has been found to persist for more than 50 years in decaying wood in soil. Effects: Although tomentosus root disease has been observed in spruce/fir and transition forests throughout the Southwest, there is little information available on the extent and damage from this disease. In other parts of the country, blowdown caused by tomentosus root disease has initiated spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) outbreaks but that has not been reported here. Similar Insects and Diseases: O. tomentosa and O. circinata are nearly identical and difficult to differentiate macroscopically. Microscopically, O. circinata can be differentiated from O. tomentosa based on hooked structures the latter does not produce. O. tomentosa and O. circinata are sometimes called false velvet-top fungi, because of the similarity of the conks of these fungi with that produced by Phaeolus schweinitzii, which is the real velvet-top Figure 275. Red-brown discoloration of roots decayed fungus. by O. tomentosa. References: 30, 93, 103, 111 197.

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Root Diseases with White Pocket Rots Big White Pocket Rot and Red Root Rot
Root Diseases with White Pocket Rots Big white pocket rot and red root rot Pathogen—Several pathogens cause a white pocket rot in the roots and butts of conifers in the Rocky Mountain Region. However, discussed in this entry are Phellopilus (Phellinus) nigrolimitatus, which causes a root disease called big white pocket rot and two species, Onnia (Inonotus) tomentosa and leporina (formerly misnamed O. circinata), which cause a disease known as red root rot, or tomentosus and circinatus root rot, respectively. The following two pathogens (described separately in this guide) also cause white pocket rots and may be confused with the fungi described in this section: Porodaedalea (Phellinus) pini often grows down into roots and causes red ring rot in conifer stems; annosus root rot may also appear as a white pocket rot. Hosts—Big white pocket rot and red root rot can infect most conifers, but they infect mostly spruce species in this Region. Signs and Symptoms—Big white pocket rot (caused by Phellopilus nigrolimitatus) usually has no external indications. The fruiting body (conk) is uncommon and usually forms after the tree is dead. Conks are perennial, are flat on the bark, and often have a small shelf or cap at the upper end that is somewhat soft and spongy. The pore surface is cinnamon-colored and smooth with very small pores. The internal flesh is brown and typically has one or more black lines. Red root rot (caused by Onnia species) usually has no Figure 1. Onnia tomentosa, showing caps from above. Photo: Jim external symptoms, but there may be some basal resino- Worrall, USDA Forest Service.
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Polypore Communities in Broadleaved Boreal Forests
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Onnia Triquetra (Pers.) Imazeki, a Pine Associated Polypore Species Reported for the First Time from Hungary
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<I>Rickenella Fibula</I>
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