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019 1985 October-December OP NORTHWEST CHINA COUNCIL NEWSLETTER #19, October - December, 1985 THELONG MARCH: THE UNTOLD STORY BY HARRISON SALISBURY For many centuries in China, the both in China and abroad tQ piece writing of history has been highly together a clear picture of the influenced by the tides of contem- turbulent years that have made up porary politics. Emperor Shi China's revolutionary period. Huangdi, who ordered the burning Since the death of Mao and the of all historical books except overthrow of the Gang of Four in those that chronicled his own Qin 1976, however, a more balanced dynasty, is an extreme example of approach to history has been emerg- a longstanding tendency to view ing in China. The admission of history more as a commentary on Mao's errors in leadership, the un- current issues than as an objective fettering of intellectual life, the record of the past. opening to the outside world: ail have made it increasingly possible In this century, Chinese writers for more objective histories to be have continued to be influenced to published. a high degree by the politics of the day. Since the founding of the It has fallen to a foreigner, People's Republic in 1949, the Harrison Salisbury, to write the story of the preceding decades has first detailed account of a key been rewritten and rewritten again event in the rise of Chinese Commu- as the fortunes of key participants nism, the Long March. With unprec- rose or fell. A political figure, edented access to Party archives, former Defense Minister Lin Biao, the benefit of numerous personal for exampl~, would find that as he interviews with the survivors, and rose in power and prominence, his a judicious sorting of secondary role in the history books would be sources, Salisbury has produced a inflated correspondingly. If he book that is both a stirring nar- should fall, as Lin did in 1971, rative and a meticulously-document- he either would disappear from the ed history. It should stand as an .histories or his heroic role would example to writers in and outside be revised to reveal a traitorous of China. past. The Lonq March, the Untold Story This tendency (not, of course, (Harper & Row, $19.95) blends the unique to China) has made it tales of common soldiers, leaders extremely difficult for historians and villagers along the route into 1 a story that moves forward ~ith a personality" around him. With this compelling momentum that parallels exception, the author has been re- that of the Red Army 'as it·made its markably successful in unearthing weary way from Jiangxi to Shaanxi. source materials that have remained The author is able to supply numer- hidden until now. ous details about the topography, customs and weather of the route It is not necessary here to recount because in 1984 he retraced much of the story of the Long March, in the 6,OOO-mile trail, the first to which the Chinese Red Army escaped do so. (Presently a team of Chi- from an encirclement of Chiang nese writers and filmmakers is un- Kai-shek's Nationalist troops, and, dertaking a similar project.) against overwhelming military and natural obstacles, trekked to the During several long periods in northwest province of Shaanxi. It Beijing, Salisbury interviewed nu- is enough to say that Salisbury merous Long March veterans and presents the tale with vividness combed the files of the National and clarity. Revolutionary Military Museum with the aid of its staff. Here, in What I found equally fascinating many cases for the first time, are was the author's achievement in the first-hand stories of Li scholarship. The book offers nu- Xiannian, President of China; Hu merous revelations that are excit- Yaobang, General Secretary of the ing to anyone who has tried to fol- Party; and other high-ranking offi- low modern Chinese history using cials. Details concerning the the unsatisfactory combination of roles of the late Liu Shaoqi and PRC hagiology, anti-Communist pol- Zhu De are provided by their widows, emics from Taiwan, and the more or Wang Guangmei and Kang Keqing. less educated guesses of foreign Kang herself marched with the Red China watchers. b-=~-A'rmy, an er recOT1ecttons enrich----'-------------'----~~~---~~ a fascinating chapter on the women Among the numerous historical thick- of the Long March. Foreigners with ets through which Salisbury maneu- unique knowledge who were interview- vers are the respective roles play- ed include Helen Snow, the writer ed by Generals Peng Dehuai and Lin and former wife of Edgar Snow, and Biao. Later, both men rose to be Dr. George Hatem. Indeed, Defense Minister, and both fell in Salisbury has managed to~alk to disgrace, Peng in the Cultural all the key survivors, with the ex- Revolution and Lin in an abortive ceptions of Marshall Ye Jianying coup. Peng, who was rehabilitated an0 Deng Xiaoping. after 1976, wrote memoirs that were published in English last year and Deng has so far refused to submit to became a prime source for this book. interviews concerning his life. Salisbury speculates that he may be It now appears that both Generals wary of the growth of a "cult of deserve credit for their military accomplishments and that both were in agreement with Mao on most deci- NortHwest CHIna Council Newsletter sive questions. Salisbury records Published by the Northwest Regional the recollections of some veterans China Council, sponsored by the World that Li~ opposed Mao at certain Affairs Council of Oregon and The times in the March. But however Asia Society China Council. destructive his activities in the 1912 S.W. SIxth, #252 Cultural Revolution were, and ho~- Portland, Oregon 97201 (503) 229-3049 ever justified the Chinese people's hatred of him is, it is clear that Acting Editor: Steve Kosokoff Lin Biao made a substantial contri- Published quarterly. bution to the Chinese revolution. Salisbury explores new territory 2 HARRISON E. SALISBUR Y To Speak On His Newest Book The Long March: The Untold Story T U E S DAY, 0 C T 0 BE R 22, 198 5 State Ballroom, Hilton Hotel, 921 S.W. Sixth, PortIa d 12:30- 2:30 p.m. Harrison Salisbury arid General Qin Xinghan at Wuqi in North Shaanxi where the Long March officially ended in October, 1935.Photo: Charlotte Y. Salisbury. Presented by the Northwest Regional China Council and Harper and Row, Publishers ---CHINESELUNCHEON---- LUNCHEON AND LECTURE: China Council Associates $10.50 Non-members $13.50 LECTURE ONLY: $3.00 ----. Information: 229-3049 ----- -------- The Route of the Long March -------- The main route of the epic Long March from south and central China to Yenan. 1934-5. This was the key formative influence in the creation of the Communist revolution. From The World Atlas of Revolutions. -------The Long March: The Untold Story------ This is the story of one of the great heroic episodes in modern history, the Long March of Harrison E. Salisbury 1934-35. The flight of the Rea Army from the Salisbury grew up in Minneapolis and began Kuomintang egan with 86,000 men and women his newspaper career there. He covered World and ended a year and 6,000 miles later with only War II in England, North Africa, the Middle 4,000 survivors. East and Russia and in 1949 joined The New The Long March is a story of China's men and York Times as a correspondent. He was sent women--their bravery, struggles, misfortunes, to Moscow for six years and became a respected and triumphs--as well as the intrigues, plots and specialist in Soviet affairs, winning the Pulitzer counterplots, loves and hatreds, that are the Prize for his coverage of the Soviet Union. He is background to the Chinese Communist revo- the author of 23 books. lution. In writing The Long March: The Untold Story, Mao Zedong's ascendance to power was the author and his wife, Charlotte, traveled 7,400 challenged and ultimately affirmed during the miles in re-tracing the epic march, compiling Long March, and Long March survivors became hundreds of pages of notes and taking thousands China's most revered leaders (although with the of photographs. The book will be on sale at tumultuous politics of the last 36 years, this rev- the lecture. erence has sometimes alternated with purges). REGISTRATION FORM Harrison E. Salisbury on The Long March: The Untold Story Name _ LECTURE &LUNCHEON Address China Council Associate $10.50 Street/P.O. Box Non-Member $13.50 _ City State Zip LECTURE ONLY $3.00 Telephone(s) Total Amount Enclosed Make check payable to: World Affairs Council for NWRCC, and mail VISA/MasterCard this form to: Northwest China Council Number _ 1912 S.W. 6th Ave., #252 Portland, OR 97201 Exp. Date Please return by October 19, 1985 Signature _ with the help of documents only Flowers campaign, the Communes, recently made public. His account the Great Leap Forward. He of the Zunyi conference, the deci- tried--and failed--to get sive meeting at which Mao gained a Nikita Khrushchev to join position of leadership over the him in an atom-armed crusade Party, is the most authoritative to for world revolution. Nothing date. Very few written records worked. Frustration mounted. survived the March and photographs Mao was, his survivors declare, taken during the March are almost a very radical man. He grew nonexistent, but some key bits of more--not less--radical with information have surfaced, notably the years. Evans Carlson, the a list of those present at the American Marine officer and Zunyi talks. China hand, who came to know Mao and his Revolution well Shortly after the conference, a once said: "Mao is a dreamer, battle occurred that, until now, has a genius, more than fifty never has been recounted in print.
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