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Marg Ingl OK.Indd MARGINALIA between the lines… outside the margins. Multi-dimensional readings and responses to social exclusion Project financed by the EU Commission Employment and Social Affairs DG within the preparatory actions to combat and prevent social exclusion Programme (Budget line B3-4105/2001) 3 S.T.E.R.D.E.S. group Barbara Dalla Torre, Paolo Urbani, Enzo Pepe. Translation and language review This volume was written within the framework of the project Graham Reynolds “MARGINALIA: between the lines… outside the margins Multi-dimensional readings and responses to social exclusion” Editing (Ref. n. VS/2001/0688 – Acc. no. SI2.330059). The project was financed by the European Commission Isabella Orfano Employment and Social Affairs DG within the preparatory actions to combat and prevent social exclusion The content of this volume does in no case represent the opinions of the Programme (Budget line B3-4105/2001), co-financed by the Regione European Commission or its Services. Marche, Regione Emilia-Romagna, Province of Teramo, managed and coordinated by the Associazione On the Road (Italy). Participating bodies ALC – Accompagnement Lieux d’accueil Carrefour éducatif & social (Nice, France), GES – Gabinet d’Estudis Socials (Barcelona, Spain), R.E.A.P.N. – Rede Europeia Anti-Pobreza (Oporto, Portugal), Payoke (Antwerp, Belgium), Family Guidance Center – Municipality of Zografou (Athens, Greece), University of the Aegean – Department of Primary Education (Rhodes, Greece), University of Antwerp – Epidemiology and Social Medicine (Belgium), Università Politecnica delle Marche – Social Sciences Department (Ancona, Italy), C.N.C.A. – Coordinamento Nazionale Comunità di Accoglienza (Italy), Municipality of Perugia (Perugia, Italy). Project coordination Marco Bufo with the assistance of Isabella Orfano. Research group Patrick Hauvuy, Philippe Thelen (ALC); Joaquim Aiguabella, Ignasi Pons i Antón, Copyright © On the Road Edizioni, 2003 Nuria Fernández, Xavier Vallvé, Alfred Rivera (GES); Sergio Aires, Isabel Alves (R.E.A.P.N.); Bruno Moens, Nancy Timmermans, Judith Turcksin, Jan Waterschoot On the Road Edizioni (Payoke); Kristien Wouters (University of Antwerp); Athina Kokolodimitraki, Mairy Via delle Lancette 27-27A Galani, Gely Xyda, Eugenia Tragaki, Niki Politi, Evina Sagali (Family Guidance Center 64014 Martinsicuro (TE) - Municipality of Zografou); Anastasia Tsamparli Kitsara (University of the Aegean); tel. (+ 39) 0861-79.66.66/76.23.27 Emmanuele Pavolini, Gianluca Busilacchi, Marco Socci (Università Politecnica delle fax (+ 39) 0861-76.51.12 Marche, Ancona); Stefano Ricci (C.N.C.A.); Marco Bufo, Vincenzo Castelli, Isabella e-mail: [email protected] Orfano (Associazione On the Road). sito web: www.ontheroadonlus.it Table of contents Pag. 7 Chapter 1 – The project “Marginalia: between the lines… outside the margins. Multi-dimensional readings and responses to social exclusion”, by Marco Bufo “ 15 Chapter 2 – European documentary research on multi-dimensional social exclusion “ 15 1 Belgium country report, by Bruno Moens “ 56 2 France country report, by Patrick Hauvuy “ 93 3 Greece country report, by Athina Kokolodimitraki, Mairy Galani, Eugenia Tragaki, Gely Xyda, Niki Politi, Anastasia Tsamparli-Kitsara “ 126 4 Italy country report, by Isabella Orfano, Gianluca Busilacchi, Marco Socci “ 183 5 Portugal country report, by Sérgio Aires, Isabel Alves “ 229 6 Spain country report, by Xavier Vallvé “ 253 7 The cross-national country report, by Emmanuele Pavolini “ 281 Chapter 3 – European documentary research on good practices of social intervention “ 281 1 Definition of good practices, by Vincenzo Castelli “ 287 2 National contexts: phenomena, legislation, social interventions “ 287 2.1 Belgium, by Kristien Wouters “ 308 2.2 France, by Patrick Hauvuy “ 323 2.3 Greece, by Family Guidance Centre Marginalia Group, Anastasia Tsamparli-Kitsara 6 7 “ 335 2.4 Italy, by Vincenzo Castelli, Isabella Orfano Chapter I “ 354 2.5 Portugal, by Sérgio Aires, Isabel Alves “ 376 2.6 Spain, by Joaquim Aiguabella, Ignasi Ponsi The “Marginalia Project: between the lines… Antón, Alfred Rivera outside the margins. Multidi-mensional “ 391 3 Charts of good practices readings and responses to social exclusion” “ 391 3.1 Belgium, by Kristien Wouters, Nancy Timmermans, Judith Turcksin, Jan Waterschoot by Marco Bufo “ 401 3.2 France, by Patrick Hauvuy, Philippe Thelen “ 419 3.3 Greece, by Athina Kokolodimitraki, Mairy Galani, Eugenia Tragaki, Gely Xyda, Niki Politi, Evina D. Sagali, Anastasia Tsamparli-Kitsara Introduction “ 430 3.4 Italy, by Isabella Orfano Whoever attempts to interpret the diversified phenomena of “ 454 3.5 Portugal, by Sérgio Aires, Isabel Alves social exclusion and, as a result, to draw up strategies and policies “ 472 3.6 Spain, by Nuria Fernández, Ignasi Pons i for intervention often finds him/herself involved, more or less con- Antón sciously, in difficult dialectics between specificity and complexity. Dialectics that, the more the index of complexity increases, risk shift- “ 488 3.7 The cross-national comparative analysis ing and finding refuge in specialisation, up to the point of one-way of the selected good practices, by Vincenzo self-nullification, escaping the dimension of complexity that is too Castelli, Marco Bufo difficult and problematic. It is obvious that in on historical phase “ 515 Chapter 4 – Conclusions and Recommendations: towards the in which not only the problems of social exclusion are growing and development of possible multi-dimensional social policies and diversifying but, at the same time, increasingly intertwine and overlap actions in accordance with a trend that crosses geographic and socio-cultural “ 521 Appendix 1 – S.T.E.R.D.E.S. - European Telematic Space of borders in a framework of the accelerated globalisation of economic, Research and Documentation on Social Exclusion social and cultural processes, to relinquish the challenge of complex- ity means to fail not only in defining effective answers to social ex- “ 525 Appendix 2 – The Project partner organisations clusion (or exclusions) but even in understanding the phenomena themselves and the needs of the people caught up in them, up to the point of acting with indifference, instead of carrying out the analysis and action in terms of in-difference, that is, of “presence” within the differences. The “Marginalia” Project originated out of the aware- ness that one of the innovative approaches in the creation of poli- 8 Marco Bufo Marco Bufo 9 cies for the fight against social exclusion is no longer category-related fining closed categories within which to approach these forms and (directed, that is, unequivocally towards drug addicts, prostitutes, the actors of the exclusion thereby constructing a meta-marginalisation homeless…) but is multi-phenomena-related, seeking, in particular, within marginalisation. to find the correlation among diversified social phenomenologies, Therefore, through this Project, the endeavour has been to identifying the indicators, the methodologies and the good practices understand the categories and the ways in which social exclusion that may be shared by target groups which could seem to be very dis- is or could be interpreted in terms of a non-category but systematic tant one from another and yet so close in the implementing social approach (multi-phenomena, multi-dimension approach) and to practices. describe and analyse those integrated interventions that can achieve Moreover, there are always vaster areas of social exclusion which this approach, by identifying, therefore, interpretations and answers are transversal and need to be organised within the wide multi-phe- for a new multidimensional topography of social exclusion and social nomena subject containers (for example, prostitution, trafficking in interventions. human beings, illegal immigration, the use and abuse of psychotropic substances, forms of extreme poverty and “street” life...), because of- The Project: objectives and activities undertaken ten the persons who are involved behave in ways and live situations and conditions that fall within more than one of these phenomena; Funded by the European Commission – DG Employment and and there are practices of social intervention which, for the ways in Social Affairs and with the contribution of the Marche Region, the which they are realised, are addressed or could be addresseds no long- Emilia-Romagna Region and the Province of Teramo, the “Marginalia er simply to “categories” of persons, but to a wider range of people, Project” was co-ordinated by the Associazione “On the Road” (Italy) or at least, whilst still maintaining their inevitable specificity, could and realised by it in collaboration with ALC – Accompagnement Lieux “contaminate” each other reciprocally. d’accueil Carrefour éducatif & social (Nice, France), GES – Gabinet “Marginalia” is, therefore, a Project that intended to move be- d’Estudis Socials (Barcelona, Spain), REAPN – Rede Europeia Anti-Pobre- tween the lines... za (Oporto, Portugal), Payoke (Antwerp, Belgium), Family Guidance lines containing and producing the description of the mar- Center – Municipality of Zografou (Athens, Greece), the University ginalisation of certain socially excluded groups or groups at risk of the Aegean – Department of Primary Education (Rhodes, Greece), of exclusion (persons who prostitute themselves, persons who use the University of Antwerp – Department of Epidemiology and Social psychotropic substances, persons who live in conditions of extreme Medicine (Belgium), the Polytechnic University
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