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The Roots of Middle-Earth: William Morris's Influence Upon J. R. R. Tolkien
University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 12-2007 The Roots of Middle-Earth: William Morris's Influence upon J. R. R. Tolkien Kelvin Lee Massey University of Tennessee - Knoxville Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Literature in English, British Isles Commons Recommended Citation Massey, Kelvin Lee, "The Roots of Middle-Earth: William Morris's Influence upon J. R. R. olkien.T " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2007. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/238 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Kelvin Lee Massey entitled "The Roots of Middle-Earth: William Morris's Influence upon J. R. R. olkien.T " I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in English. David F. Goslee, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Thomas Heffernan, Michael Lofaro, Robert Bast Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Kelvin Lee Massey entitled “The Roots of Middle-earth: William Morris’s Influence upon J. -
<I>Simbelmynë</I>: Mortality and Memory in Middle-Earth
Volume 29 Number 1 Article 10 10-15-2010 Simbelmynë: Mortality and Memory in Middle-earth William H. Stoddard Independent Scholar Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Stoddard, William H. (2010) "Simbelmynë: Mortality and Memory in Middle-earth," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 29 : No. 1 , Article 10. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol29/iss1/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mythopoeic Society at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To join the Mythopoeic Society go to: http://www.mythsoc.org/join.htm Mythcon 51: A VIRTUAL “HALFLING” MYTHCON July 31 - August 1, 2021 (Saturday and Sunday) http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-51.htm Mythcon 52: The Mythic, the Fantastic, and the Alien Albuquerque, New Mexico; July 29 - August 1, 2022 http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-52.htm Abstract Elegiac contemplation of the function of memory in Tolkien’s Middle-earth, and the complex intersections of memory, loss, immortality, consolation, and creativity made flesh in olkienT ’s depictions of the races of Elves and Men and their interactions. Additional Keywords Creativity in J.R.R. -
Masterproef Evelien De Pauw
Friendship and Masculinity in The Lord of the Rings: The Influence of World War I Evelien De Pauw Studentennummer: 01000777 Promotor: Prof. dr. Marysa Demoor Masterproef voorgelegd voor het behalen van de graad Master in de Taal- en Letterkunde: Engels. Academiejaar: 2017 - 2018 De Pauw 2 1. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my promotor prof. dr. Demoor for allowing me to choose a subject that I thought was very interesting and helping me explore how to do that in the best way possible. I would of course also like to thank my parents for allowing me to study and pursue a university degree, and supporting me in every way possible. My brother and the rest of my family for their support. My dear friends who also support me in everything I endeavour. I would also like to thank my uncle Bart, who now dwells in the Halls of Mandos, and introduced me to Middle-earth as a little girl. De Pauw 3 Content 1. Acknowledgements 2. Introduction 3. Tolkien and the Great War 2.1 Tolkien during the Great War 2.2 The Great War and The Lord of the Rings 2.3 Sam and Frodo in Mordor 2.4 Orcs, Haradrim and Germans 2.5 War Without End 2.6 The Hobbits as Returning Veterans 2.7 The Passing of an Age 4. Masculinities in The Lord of the Rings 4.1. Constructing and Deconstructing Masculinity 4.2. Femininity in Relation to Masculinity 4.3. Masculinity in The Lord of the Rings 4.4. Masculinity as a Hierarchy: Aragorn, Boromir and Faramir 5. -
News from Bree [email protected]
NNeewwss FFrroomm BBrreeee The Official Middle-earth™ PBM Newsletter Issue 35, May ‘08 “Strange as News from Using Food in Middle-earth: Four Bree…” Useful Tips for Food Preparation The Lord of the Rings Chapter 9 Useful Tips for Food Preparation By Clint Oldridge 1: Being Fed in Middle-earth 3: Information Gathering The Talk at the Keeping moving armies fed is always If you have a spare order at a population Prancing Pony… difficult, but it's even more so when you centre and one food, then I often use a 948 get other friendly armies turning up at PCs order (Transport by Caravans) from that PC Featured Articles you control. (Don't forget that it is your to send a food to a location off map, in order relations to them that is important, so that to check whether the enemy has put up a Using Food in Middle- Page 1 even if they're not friendly you will feed camp there. If it fails then there's no PC, and earth: Four Useful Tips them). it's also slightly confusing to the enemy! for Food Preparation, By Clint Oldridge If you have more than one army at a population centre the free food gets divided 4: Market manipulation Kin-strife Sneak Preview: Page 2 between the armies in proportion to their the Good, the Bad and When the market is gutted with food it can the Ugly hunger (counting cavalry twice). often ‘crash’, reducing food stores available to low quantities. I find that around the The Untold War of the Page 3 So, for example, if the following three 300,000 food on the market is sufficient to Ring: Face to Face Game armies are at a village: cause such a crash, so if you're able to sell additional food you can sometimes push the The Lord of the Rings: So Page 8 Army A 100 Heavy Infantry market to crash and then food sells at two or What’s It All About Army B 50 Heavy Cavalry & Then? more next turn. -
The History of Middle-Earth: from a Mythology for England to a Recovery of the Real Earth Christopher Garbowski
Analysis The History of Middle-earth: from a Mythology for England to a Recovery of the Real Earth Christopher Garbowski ne of J.R.R. Tolkien's great Parallels with the pro joined with the fortunes and mis Oambitions was to have The fortunes of the elves, in their Lord of the Rings and The Silmar- cess of myth creation combined struggle with Sauron, illion published together. This in found in the work of for the remainder of the Second fact delayed the publication of the contemporary philoso Age. After their costly self- former, since Allen & Unwin, satisfaction with apparent victory, who had originally instigated the phers the struggle resumes for the full trilogy and were willing to risk extent of the Third Age, wherein the publication of this unusual are set The Hobbit and The Lord book, were not surprisingly un conflagration with Morgoth are o f the Rings. The former was prepared for the additional publi rewarded with an Eden-like is independently conceived, but cation of what seemed to be an land residence set between the turned out to be essential in the altogether obscure work. In an “uttermost West” - Valinor, the history of Middle-earth: undated letter (probably from late residence of the Valar - and As the high Legends o f the begin 1951) to Milton Waldman, a dif Middle-earth, while the elves ning are supposed to look at ferent potential publisher, the au who do not leave Middle-earth things through Elvish minds, so thor presented a vision of his exercise a kind of ‘antiquarian the middle tale o f the Hobbits mythology. -
Treasures of Middle Earth
T M TREASURES OF MIDDLE-EARTH CONTENTS FOREWORD 5.0 CREATORS..............................................................................105 5.1 Eru and the Ainur.............................................................. 105 PART ONE 5.11 The Valar.....................................................................105 1.0 INTRODUCTION........................................................................ 2 5.12 The Maiar....................................................................106 2.0 USING TREASURES OF MIDDLE EARTH............................ 2 5.13 The Istari .....................................................................106 5.2 The Free Peoples ...............................................................107 3.0 GUIDELINES................................................................................ 3 5.21 Dwarves ...................................................................... 107 3.1 Abbreviations........................................................................ 3 5.22 Elves ............................................................................ 109 3.2 Definitions.............................................................................. 3 5.23 Ents .............................................................................. 111 3.3 Converting Statistics ............................................................ 4 5.24 Hobbits........................................................................ 111 3.31 Converting Hits and Bonuses...................................... 4 5.25 -
The Journal of the Tolkien Society
Issue 50 • Autumn 2010 MallornThe Journal of the Tolkien Society Mallorn The Journal of the Tolkien Society Issue 50 • Autumn 2010 Editor: Henry Gee editorial Production & 4 Marcel Bülles looks to the future of Tolkien fandom design: Colin Sullivan letters Cover art: Lorenzo Daniele 7 Alex Lewis & Elizabeth Curie go back to the source Inside pages: Ruth Lacon (p. 2), Jef Murray (pp. 6, 7, reviews 25, 39, 48, 50, 52), Phyllis 8 Lynn Forest-Hill on Elves in Anglo-Saxon England Berka (p. 10), John Gilbey 9 Mike Foster on The Inheritance (pp. 14, 40, 44, 46), Colin 11 Chad Chisholm on Up Williams (p. 20), Teresa 13 Roberto Arduini & Claudio Testi on Tolkien and Philosophy Kirkpatrick (p. 47), Lorenzo Daniele (p. 51) commentary 15 Charles E Noad The Tolkien Society — the early days 26 Maggie Burns ‘… A local habitation and a name …’ Mallorn © The Tolkien 31 Simon Barrow The magic of fantasy: the traditional, the original and the Society. Printed and wonderful distributed by The Printed 34 Chad Chisholm The wizard and the rhetor: rhetoric and the ethos of Word, 7–9 Newhouse Middle-earth in The Hobbit Business Centre, Old 37 Vanessa Phillips-Zur-Linden Arwen and Edward: redemption and the fairy Crawley Road, Horsham bride/groom in the literary fairytale RH12 4RU, UK. interview 42 Mike Foster talks to Simon Tolkien poetry 46 Lynn Forest-Hill The Long Watch 46 Anne Forbes The Path To The Sea 46 Anne Forbes The End Of The Summer 47 Teresa Kirkpatrick Tuor And Ulmo fiction 48 Julia Fenton Blasphemy well, I’m back 50 Paul H Vigor takes a closer look at Thror’s map Mallorn is the Journal of the Tolkien Society, and appears twice a year, in the Spring (copy deadline 25 December) and Autumn (21 June). -
Saruman of Many Colors
University of Iceland School of Humanities Departement of English Saruman of Many Colors A Hero of Liberal Pragmatism B.A. Essay Elfar Andri Aðalsteinsson Kt.: 1508922369 Supervisor: Matthew Whelpton May 2017 ABSTRACT This essay explores the role of the wizard Saruman the White in The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien, and challenges the common conception that Saruman is a villain, instead arguing that Saruman is a hero espousing the values of liberal pragmatism. The policy goals and implicit values of Saruman are contested with his peer and ultimately opponent, Gandalf the Grey, later the White. Both wizards attempt to defeat Sauron but, where Saruman considers new methods, such as recruting the orcs, Gandalf is stuck in old methods and prejudices, as he is unwilling look for new races to recruit. Both wizards construct alliances to accomplish their goals but the racial composition of these alliances can be used to see the wizards in a new light. While Gandalf offers a conventional alliance of “the free” races of Middle Earth (Elves Dwarves, Men. Hobbits and Ents), Saruman can be seen as uniting the marginalised and down-trodden people and races, under a common banner with a common goal. In particular, Saruman brings enemies together into a strong functioning whole, showing that orcs and men can work and prosper together. Gandalf’s blinkered conservatism and Saruman’s pragmatic embrace of diversity are reflected symbolically in the symbolism of white and the rainbow of many colors. After examining all these points it becomes clear that Saruman the White is not the villain that he is assumed to be by Gandalf the Grey, later the White, and his followers in Middle Earth. -
Gandalf and Merlin: J.R.R
Volume 27 Number 1 Article 5 10-15-2008 Gandalf and Merlin: J.R.R. Tolkien's Adoption and Transformation of a Literary Tradition Frank P. Riga (retired) Canisius College, Buffalo, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Riga, Frank P. (2008) "Gandalf and Merlin: J.R.R. Tolkien's Adoption and Transformation of a Literary Tradition," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 27 : No. 1 , Article 5. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol27/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mythopoeic Society at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To join the Mythopoeic Society go to: http://www.mythsoc.org/join.htm Mythcon 51: A VIRTUAL “HALFLING” MYTHCON July 31 - August 1, 2021 (Saturday and Sunday) http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-51.htm Mythcon 52: The Mythic, the Fantastic, and the Alien Albuquerque, New Mexico; July 29 - August 1, 2022 http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-52.htm Abstract Concerns the roots of the wizard Gandalf’s character in the legendary figure of Merlin, tracing Merlin’s development through a variety of English and continental literature up through the twentieth century, and showing how various authors, including Tolkien, interpreted and adapted the wizard for their purposes. -
Battles of the Third Age” Are © 2006 Nexus Editrice, and © 2006 Sophisticated Games Ltd
BATTATTLESLES OFOF THETHE WARAR OFOF THETHE RINGING - BATTLEATTLE FORFOR ROHANHAN • 1717 BATTLE FOR ROHAN GAME COMPONENTS SCENARIO RULES To play the Battle for Rohan scenario, you need the following specific game components in addition to the components usually necessary for any Battles of the War of the Ring game: • The Battle for Rohan game board • The figures detailed in the Figures/Units Table • The Gríma deck of Event Cards • The Character Counters and Character Cards of Théoden, Théodred, Eomer, Gandalf, Aragorn, Legolas, Gimli, Treebeard, and Saruman. Use only the Rohan side of the Gandalf and Aragorn cards; the other side is for the Gondor scenario • The Tactics Tokens detailed in the Figures/ Units Table • The Recruitment Tokens detailed in the Figures/Units Table Recruitment Token (Free Peoples) Recruitment Token (Shadow) Place the figures and the Recruitment Tokens as shown in the Setup image on page 19. Put aside for later use any unused figures and tokens. 1818 • BATTATTLESLES OFOF THETHE WARAR OFOF THETHE RINGING - BATTLEATTLE FORFOR ROHANHAN FIGURES/UNITS TABLE Figure Number of Units Type Unit Included in: Token Tactics Unit Number of Tokens Recruitment Figure Number of Units Type Unit Included in: Token Tactics Unit Number of Tokens Recruitment Figure Number of Units Type Unit Included in: Token Tactics Unit Number of Tokens Recruitment Rohan WotR WotR 14 10 1 Treebeard ES - - 18 Uruk-hai 14 Footmen + ES + ES Companion 10 Archers WotR 8 1 WotR - - 6 Warg Riders WotR 5 (Gandalf) Rohan WotR Companion 13 11 1 WotR - - 12 -
Portrayals of Tolkien's Rosie Cotton in Twenty-First Century Fan Fiction," Mythlore: a Journal of J.R.R
Volume 24 Number 3 Article 10 4-15-2006 Reimagining Rose: Portrayals of Tolkien's Rosie Cotton in Twenty- First Century Fan Fiction Amy H. Sturgis Belmont University, TN Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore Part of the Children's and Young Adult Literature Commons Recommended Citation Sturgis, Amy H. (2006) "Reimagining Rose: Portrayals of Tolkien's Rosie Cotton in Twenty-First Century Fan Fiction," Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature: Vol. 24 : No. 3 , Article 10. Available at: https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol24/iss3/10 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Mythopoeic Society at SWOSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Mythlore: A Journal of J.R.R. Tolkien, C.S. Lewis, Charles Williams, and Mythopoeic Literature by an authorized editor of SWOSU Digital Commons. An ADA compliant document is available upon request. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To join the Mythopoeic Society go to: http://www.mythsoc.org/join.htm Mythcon 51: A VIRTUAL “HALFLING” MYTHCON July 31 - August 1, 2021 (Saturday and Sunday) http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-51.htm Mythcon 52: The Mythic, the Fantastic, and the Alien Albuquerque, New Mexico; July 29 - August 1, 2022 http://www.mythsoc.org/mythcon/mythcon-52.htm Abstract A study of fanfiction and what it has ot say about how an author’s works are appropriated and reimagined by his or her readers, looking specifically at several types of fanfiction about Rosie Cotton. -
The Celtic Roots of Meriadoc Brandybuck by Lynn Forest-Hill
The Tolkien Society – Essays www.tolkiensociety.org The Celtic Roots of Meriadoc Brandybuck By Lynn Forest-Hill Readers of The Lord of the Rings do not seem perplexed by the name Peregrin Took (Pippin), perhaps because any dictionary will tell them that Peregrin means 'pilgrim' and 'Pippin' is familiar as a name for a small rosy apple. But many readers express an interest in the unusual naming of Merry Brandybuck. This is a brief outline of some of the Celtic background to his unusual name 'Meriadoc'. The texts used for this outline are: The History of the Kings of Britain Geoffrey of Monmouth trans. Lewis Thorpe (London: Penguin, 1966). The Mabinogion trans. Gwyn Jones and Thomas Jones (London: Dent, 1974). The Lais of Marie de France trans. Glyn S. Burgess (London: Penguin, 1986). The Arthur of the Welsh Rachel Bromwich et al, (Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1991). Encyclopaedia Britannica (1965) In most cases I have abstracted information from a good deal of elaboration. I have quoted directly where this is necessary, and indicated this with quotation marks. The Encyclopaedia Britannica provides some information regarding real lords bearing the name Conan: Celts from Britain fled from the invading Saxons in the 5th and 6th centuries. Brittany in France was known as Armorica before this influx of Celts from Britain. Celtic Brittany divided into several petty lordships. The Merovingian and Capetian Frankish dynasties tried to impose over-lordship but were resisted. In the 10th century Conan of Rennes became overlord. His line ended in 12th century after long struggle against Breton feudal lords.