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Mineral Resources East of the Rocky Mountains. Letter from The University of Oklahoma College of Law University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 5-2-1868 Mineral resources east of the Rocky Mountains. Letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting report on the mineral resources of the United States east of the Rocky Mountains. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.ou.edu/indianserialset Part of the Indian and Aboriginal Law Commons Recommended Citation H. Exec. Doc. No. 273, 40th Cong., 2nd Sess. (1868) This House Executive Document is brought to you for free and open access by University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in American Indian and Alaskan Native Documents in the Congressional Serial Set: 1817-1899 by an authorized administrator of University of Oklahoma College of Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 40TH CONGRESS, } HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. Ex.Doc. 2d Session. { No. 273. MINERAL RESOURCES EA.ST OF THE ROCKY MOUNT.A.INS. LETTER FROM THE SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY, TRANSMITTING Report on the mineral resources of the United States east of the Rocky mountains. MAY 2, 1868.-Referred to the Committee on Mines and Mining, and ordered to be printed TREASURY DEPARTMENT, Washington, .lJIIay 2, 1868. Sm : I transmit herewith to the House of Representatives the report of James W. Taylor on the mineral resources of the States and Territories east of the Rocky mountains. Very respectfully, your obedient servant, HUGH McCULLOCH, Secretary of the Treasury. Hon. SCHUYLER COLFAX, Speaker of the House of Representatives. REPORT OF J A~IES. We TA y ·L OR, ON THE MINERAL RESOURCES OF TH:E UNITED STATES EAST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS. WASHING~l>:~r, lifa,y 2, 186S. Srn: In pursuance of your instructions of September 12, 1866, I had the honor on the 13th of February, 1867, to present for your consideration a pre­ liminary report, embracing a general view of the gold n,nd silver districts of N cw Mexico, Colorado, Montana, Dakota., and Minnesota, with some notice of tho gold recrions of the southern Atlantic sta,tes, Canacfa and Nova Scotia. Tho prcscn report will include a further inquiry into tho rninentl resources of those dis_tricts, with special reference to their situa,tion and 'prospects at the expiration of the year 1867; and I propose as a not inappropriate sequel to devote a considerniblo portion of this communication (1) to a general review of the production of gold and silver in other quarters of the ,vorld, with the purpose of indicating refa­ tively tho commercial and social importance of the treasure product of the U nitod States, and (2) to a summary of the dolnestio commerce from the Mississippi river westward to the interior or mining districts of the United States, having · reference prominently to railway communications with the Rocky mountains and the Pacific co[tst. 1-'HE GREAT PLAI:NS. Between tho agricultural districts ·of Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Indian terri­ tory, and rrexas, which extend westwarcUy to the 98th .meridian of longitude, and tho eastern Piedmont of the Rocky mountains, and in Colorado n,re bounded eastwardly by longitude 104°, the cretaceous formation, onco qesig­ nated as the '' American desert," is now well understood to be adequate for the sustenance of ca.ttle, and if subterranean sources of water supply were avnil­ able for the purpose of itrigatien, might become an agricultural region. At present this wide interval between the margin of the Missouri river, whore the moist winds from the Gulf of Mexico afford a sufficient fall of summer rain for the growth and maturity of crops, and the Colorado Piedmont, with its limited capacity for irrigation from mountain streams and surfaces, is recognized as n, grazing district, bearing the nutritious buffalo grass, and roasonab}y traversed by streams.:._conditions only favorable to pastoral occupation ancht sparse popu­ lation. If, however, the experiment of artesian wells should be ·vigorously prosecuted, and prove successful, th~ occupation of tl10 plains might be greatly diversified. Tho government in 1858 despatched a party unclo.1.· tho direc­ tion of Captain John Pope to tho Llano Estacado of western rrexp,s, a.n extension of tho cretaceous formation of eastern Colorado, for the purpose of sinking an artesian well; but although a depth of 1,050 feet was attained, and powerful streams flowed into the well ·at different levels, tp.e water did not rise to tho sur­ face, and the work_ was abandoned.. It w~s by no means a failure ; tho discovery 4 RESOURCES OF STAT~S AND TERRITORIES .,f suutcrranean streams or fountains accessible, from the surface, being very sug­ gcnfrre of tlto possibilities of future water supply.* NEW MEXICO. Dnrin£>' 1867 the public attention was occupied by very favorable reports of the rnine~al resources of Now Mexico. The Kansas division of the Union Pacific raiJron,cl, while not relinquishing the policy of a direct western communication with Dem·er and Great Salt Lake City, determined to place a party in the field to explore a southwestern line from the junction of longitude 102° with latitude 39° to a crossing of the Rio Grande at Albuquerque, latitude 35°, longitude 0 lOG½ , nml'thcnco wostwardly through New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Cali­ fornia, on or near. the 35th parallel. The results of this exploration fully confirming the observa,tions of Lieutenant ..Whipple in 1853-'54, have established that gold, silver, and copper mines are as numerous :mcl va1uable as in Colorado;· and also that bods of lignite coal occur around tho western end of Raton mountain, and the neighboring foot-hills of tho Rocky mountains, while a formati911 of early cretaceous coal has been discovered in the valley of the Rio Grande. The first coal basin consists of an immense thickness of coarse sandstones, first manifesting themselves in some of the ravines of tho Raton, a,bout 20 miles east of Raton Pass, but soon becoming visible on the flanks of tho mountain, continuing through the pass, and to an unknown distance west of it. This formation lies nearly horizontally against the base of the Raton ancl Rocky mountains, extending the latter from the .Arkansas river at Ca,11011 City to the vallej of the Little Cimarron on the south. In the Raton Pass the coal beds, wbich ·n,re quite thin in the Manco del Barro Pass, lJcgin to assume importance. About six miles :fiirom Trinidad, a locality exhibits a tota,l thickness of about five foot of good coa,l, separated into four beds, placed near together. Near the top· of tho pass are also beds of the same thickness, but at the southern exit of the pass, in canons connected with upper waters of tho Canadian, there ca,llec1 Reel river, these beds occur in still greater magnitude, being eight feet thick. All these arc, however, of trifling nature compared with the great bet.ls found in the caflons of the V crmejo valley, which show in one locality 10 feet of coal in two beds, separated by 10 inches of slate. The same strata, were found on the other side of tho canon, one-half mile distant, !:tnd in other canons several miles westward. Further south other thinner beds were seen near V ermcjo of the thickness of three and four feet of good coal. Beyond tho Pcrnejo tlrn high table lands containing the co:11 beds disa,ppear entirely, aud tho only sedimentary rock in view is the early cretaceous sand stone, capped in places with middle creta,ceous limestone. As the high table ln,nc1 of tertiary sandstone extends north of the Raton, it is proba,bJe that similar beds exist in that direction. Coal has a,lso been discovered on the Rio Grande in ya,rions pb. cs above Picdras N egras, a,s well as below in the vicinity of Laredo, Gurrero, and R<tma,. t , 'l'he cfrcoYerics of gold-bea1ing quartz, first limited to the Greo·ory district, i~ 1olo1:ac1o, exten_ding :1bout 30 miles along the base of the Snowy range, from Gold ll1ll to Empue C1ty, now reach the southern limit of Colorado, and thence along the Sierra faclrc, following the general course of the valley of the Rio Iu 1 ~7, at Ch_icago an artesian ~vell, at tho depth of 1,190 feet, struck a subterranean tr_eam, 01gh_t foot m depth, an<l flowmg with a strong current, from which 600,000 gallons d'.1-1\y arc dcl1yerc~ at tho surface, and 450,000 gallons daily at an elevation of 45 feet. Pre­ viously ~ vem of ":ater had been reache~ at a dept~ of 90 feet, which yielded 15 barrels an hour. ( ec Appendix o. J for a narrative by Professor D. D: Owen of other experiments within tho nited Stat~s and elsewhere.) t ~ho value of coal ~n tho ~od':1ction of ores, as well as for uses of fuel, justifies all possible details of tho rec nt d1scovcn~s m the Rocky mountains. The foregoing report i<J by Dr. J. L,_ .. on who_ ~c~ompamed General W.W. Wright, chief engineer of Union Pacific ra 1 \ S) ea. t rn d1vmon, upon tho expedition already mentioned. EAST OF THE ROCKY MOUNTAINS 5 Grande throuo-h the whole extent of New Mexico and into the adjacm1t State of Chihuahua~ Successful placer 1,nining by the Mexican residents of this val­ ley has often been reported in the mountain gulches near Santa Fe, south to a distance of about 100 miles, or as far as Gran Quivira, ancl north for about 1.~0 miles to the river Sano-re de Cristo.
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  • Crushing Machines
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