Bowdoin College Museum of Art To Instruct and Delight: European and American Art, 1500–1900 Bowdoin Gallery Opened January 15, 2015 Labels for Installation as of February 2020 LOUIS/LUDOVICO DORIGNY French, 1654–1742 St. Peter Delivered from Prison by an Angel, ca. 1720s oil on canvas Bequest of the Honorable James Bowdoin III 1813.22 Long attributed to the northern Italian artist Antonio Balestra, this work was recently identified as a painting by Ludovico Dorigny, a Frenchman from a distinguished Parisian artist family who was active in Venice and Verona. As a young man, Dorigny produced works for King Louis XIV and for Cardinal Richelieu. In Italy, he was also a sought-after decorative painter. The Acts of the Apostles relate the story of Peter’s imprisonment by Herod, who at the time persecuted the leadership of the nascent Christian Church. During the night before his public prosecution, an angel appeared to Peter, “and a light shone in the cell, and he … woke him, saying, ‘Get up quickly.’ And the chains fell off his hands.” In his right hand, Peter holds the keys that symbolize the power to bind or loosen souls. JACOPO DA PONTORMO Italian, 1494–1557 Apollo and Daphne, 1513 oil on canvas Gift of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation 1961.100.9 Pontormo’s haunting rendition of the tragic legend of Apollo and Daphne takes place in neither bucolic Arcadia nor Thessaly, but a shadowy nowhere land. The canvas depicts the love-struck Apollo chasing Daphne, who was shot with a blunt leaden shaft, inciting antipathy. Growing exhausted from his relentless pursuit, Daphne implores her river god father to save her. The chaste maiden’s prayers are answered. Just as Apollo is about to overtake her, she is transformed into a laurel tree. In Pontormo’s painting, we witness the initial instant of Daphne’s transformation, branches springing upward from her arms, while the rest of her body still retains its human form. The grieving Apollo adopted the laurel as his sacred plant in memory of his beloved, and the crown wreathed with its leaves came to be appropriated in celebration of poets and public triumphs. 1 Bowdoin College Museum of Art Renaissance Carnivals Florence’s Carnevale of 1513 carried special significance, as it marked the first such occasion since the return of the Medici after eighteen years in exile. Pontormo’s pair of small mythological scenes, preserved here and in a painting in the Samek Museum at Bucknell University (a gift, like this one, of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation) were jointly conceived for the elaborate ritual as part of a much larger program of painted and sculpted ephemera. Together, the carefully choreographed decorations served to mark a particularly charged political and social event. The turn in political fortunes, already signaled during Carnevale, was strongly reinforced just a month later, with the election of Giovanni de’ Medici as Pope Leo X in Rome. Only eighteen at the time, Pontormo was entrusted with a project of great personal prestige. Dennis V. Geronimus Associate Professor of Art History, Department Chair, New York University UNIDENTIFIED ARTIST Italian Fish Shambles, mid-seventeenth century oil on canvas Bequest of the Honorable James Bowdoin III 1813.13 Historically, “Shambles” referred to a table or stall for presenting goods, especially meats, for sale. Thus, the assigned title of this painting merely describes the setting of the drama and does not indicate a disorderly mess. Present at the Museum for more than 200 years, this painting still lacks an attribution to a specific artist, although scholars suggest an origin in mid-seventeenth- century Italy, perhaps in Naples. Close stylistic examination reveals two artists at work, a well- documented practice in seventeenth-century Italy. The human figures present a gentle matte surface, creating softness in the flesh and fabrics. In contrast, the sharply rendered fish shine forth in metallic brilliance. This collaboration between two talented artists results in a painting unified through the effects of light and shade. Edible Species of Mediterranean Fish The bravura fish still life at the core of the work features a dozen distinct species captured with an ichthyologist’s precision, tantalizingly realized in crisply painted textures, curious shapes, and vibrant colors. On the left, a female monk fish, her great jaws agape, flashes rows of pin-sharp teeth beyond which lie creamy innards. Hanging from hooks in the center, an iridescent striped perch and partially gutted skate gleam with brilliant silvers and whites. To their right, a rather stiff cod lies diagonally, its open mouth and ribbed gills darkened in shadow. Across the front of the fish seller’s stone slab, a small upturned skate hangs over the edge, its pearlescent underbelly beaded with water droplets. Surrounding it, a scattered mess of six small and two large gurnards stick out their massive boney heads. Pairs of dark perch and brilliant red groupers complete the 2 Bowdoin College Museum of Art table’s display, which is framed by coins on the left and dark spikey sea urchins on the right. Hanging above, a small shark with spotted fins and a winged ray flank the disemboweled skate. Susan Wegner Associate Professor of Art History, Bowdoin College CRISTOFANO ALLORI Italian, 1577–1621 Portrait of Geri della Rena, ca. 1602 oil on canvas Gift of Mr. R. P. Manson 1870.3 Two miniatures in the Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, also by Allori and his workshop, are based on this portrait and are identified as likenesses of Geri della Rena at age twenty-two. Traditionally this painting had been attributed to the Spanish court painter Diego Velazquez, then to Velazquez’s son-in-law. Its proper placing in the Florentine tradition was confirmed when the painting was included in a landmark exhibition on art in Florence of the seventeenth century at the Palazzo Pitti in 1986–1987. The disarming emotions on display in Allori’s portraits are understood as his major contribution to the genre. GIOVANNI BENEDETTO CASTIGLIONE, called IL GRECHETTO Italian, 1609–1664 Christ Cleansing the Temple, ca. 1639 oil on canvas Gift of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation 1961.100.12 Based on Rembrandt’s print of the same scene from 1635, this work focuses on Jesus’s rush toward the fleeing merchants. In contrast to Rembrandt, Castiglione places this drama in the background and fills the foreground with panicking livestock stampeding over merchandise splayed before us. Both parts of the composition complement each other thematically and reflect Castiglione’s sensitivity to current theoretical discussions on literature and art that considered the significance of sequential narratives in poetry and prose as well as the complementary interplay of foreground and background. Moreover, while his meticulous handling of the heap of animals and merchandise in the foreground demonstrates his brilliance as an animal painter, his lighter palette and fluid brushwork of the New Testament narrative echo that of his dry brush drawings. Castiglione’s Career in the 1630s 3 Bowdoin College Museum of Art After training principally in Genoa, Castiglione sought to reinvent himself as an artist during the mid-1630s in Rome, where he attended sessions at the Accademia di San Luca. There he would have been exposed to some of the issues of artistic theory and practice facing painters at the time. He would have sought to align himself with artists such as Domenichino, Sacchi, Testa, and Poussin, which may explain the dramatic hand and facial gestures of many of his figures, all geared to express emotions by visual means. Despite Castiglione’s attempts to accommodate reigning tastes in order to attract a broader base of clients in Rome and then back in Genoa during the late 1630s and early 1640s, he continued to look to others for inspiration, such as Rembrandt, whose rich chiaroscuro and dramatic subjects in his etchings he found appealing. Timothy Standring Gates Family Foundation Curator of Painting and Sculpture, Denver Art Museum FRANCESCO TREVISANI Italian, 1656–1746 Madonna of the Rosary (La Madone du Rosaire), 1714–1715 oil on canvas Acquired through the generosity of George and Elaine Keyes 2014.27 This beautifully composed and vividly colored Roman painting from the early years of the eighteenth century is either a fully executed modello made during the preparation of the altarpiece or a ricordo, a smaller version created after the altarpiece was finished. Cardinal Sacripanti commissioned the altar in the cathedral of his hometown, Narni, in central Italy. Located in a chapel dedicated to the Blessed Lucy, the altarpiece demonstrates Trevisani’s masterful talent at the height of his career. The artist has drawn from venerable traditions of Italian painting to bring this imagined conversation to life. Surrounding the Virgin and Child are the adoring Saints Catherine, Dominic, Francis of Paola, and Anthony of Padua. Trevisani completed three additional canvases for the chapel dedicated to mystical visions of the Blessed Lucy and the Death of Saint Joseph. CLAES CORNELISZ. MOEYAERT Dutch, 1591–1655 The Meeting of Jacob and Joseph in Egypt, 1636 oil on canvas Museum Purchase, Florence C. Quinby Fund, in memory of Henry Cole Quinby, Honorary Degree 1916 1970.41 A leading Roman Catholic artist in Amsterdam, Moeyaert often painted historical recreations of Biblical subjects and is among a group of Dutch painters now known as the Pre-Rembrandtists. Scenes from the Old Testament were popular in Amsterdam because they included tests of virtue 4 Bowdoin College Museum of Art and faith, particularly around the theme of family. In the book of Genesis, Joseph was the favorite son of the patriarch Jacob. Sold by his brothers into slavery, Joseph eventually rose by virtue of talents to great power in Egypt, where years later he revealed himself to his brothers, forgave them, and brought Jacob and all his family to Egypt.