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“A Jornal of a Fue Days at York”: the Great Awakening on the Northern New England Frontier

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“A Jornal of a Fue Days at York”: the Great Awakening on the Northern New England Frontier Maine History Volume 42 Number 1 Politics, Labor, and Religion Article 4 8-1-2004 “A Jornal Of A Fue Days At York”: The Great Awakening on the Northern New England Frontier Douglas L. Winiarski University of Richmond Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mainehistoryjournal Part of the Cultural History Commons, History of Christianity Commons, History of Religion Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Winiarski, Douglas L.. "“A Jornal Of A Fue Days At York”: The Great Awakening on the Northern New England Frontier." Maine History 42, 1 (2004): 46-85. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/ mainehistoryjournal/vol42/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Maine History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ftlto - y- jiii£j. F?i<- ft/c~~/* 4*/£u\m- &ctt- II f o r f i t 5 k t j . /vf t / e i u * $ $ < * '^ 3 m<l>/ ,f ii. w* r /»*j*/Z^*' •)Jc*vt. fijje t (*<.*1+4 £*•/■ pfUt, + <-*•'**■ ~1-+~ £(ja£aft*-*\r /f. (+»**- j£>+&x<it if~ *»* v*C’^*y f *“■ >1'^ j^»(» )/vi.r grZ»-*/£- i*n if,{<&$&***■++■•*/ £<*>•* 39 ir^iui»».j^ n- "Uat. ^ t\JU S l$ C *A * _ , Jt-Oitnf £e*nti uJU \ 'to' in ft'JjlA+f^*^ // S*^ «»**» STdc-L £ ft‘■yt't-' tri+t* TCi*“-LX> j£y<-** £*A ■>? ?ik }\be*i*-J*\^ to f t »^W«|* •i^tnr “Tft*LJ&\<£ ft*£C g i-y j y j A<*»4L% (*lCf*tA4'£ t» /^-|/ iv'<n*i++t-. ^L.C i a *-»» A»v*«v ^’(tci/^-»iiC-£cf*<*A'•{**■ * ftTi**r xu <hH/tT, Qji+fHL Z4«- /^aV //<«») ^ <* ^ £V«*V - to £Tn lf£sf j£~* v u l A . £ L < u r t u iA f A i ^ J& i& c/p! ft ' *— ftftr£T/i'> -v. .y . a $ i ciW/ >***3 f u $ \ y t i K t*. 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"/ftV/‘ ( j* o J O* W’ o^% t' -3L; &tfU< r. ft JtUKji+ifJfcn*/.c . •vrt/S #^va- X &,r*2»*+ jL ft**'1/ t*Jt/(b) rfc*' /j£t Cr»xti > v-v - V7^ /t^ t v ft x e/*p ^ 1pjtV/u«*»/ . ^i.Ay/uto ftA»/7to^r»f a^C . f*\ . n &»,£ 3 1%, ft.'+{Ui*'hm1 thVftfccJ,, ft. 'hht+Cc 1r\u*: I iS iZ t s f fVrt/ l*#ry — * 9i<>. ' aq&~yilf Jfyi^k^ a fcn*l~ eL/ht&/ fi v^vW^^/z^ArL, | ^ 'Jh& cfiftjf 'lihxr C/lK+^l~ f T ^ £ . t Y / ‘'*** *** 'ft-u/10. ftf ftrt, VitJU^ fa1fc*,SSb ft'fjttttfcuf &****$! % 'i+tWS\ rftuh ?t t+vtfft eft, ------------ ft*tx 3•^■m<** * (/• A*fUirt<r y iXiAH :£<-< :#&** jftrtfcmctf l^<h£*r fo l*<+\i£ ftL=j+ &•*/ *** •fV^#,/t^ ^•jMo* ^ mi t n /yQf& /•-*+*<. t t c f r j n f t j r P + r 9' * / « f t . facz£o% Y' ft- “^^'VCt‘5 <y/ ** Pages 2 and 3 of MA Jornal of fue Days at York” showing entries for October 10-13, 1741. Courtesy Manuscripts and Archives* Yale University Library. “A JORNAL OF A FUE DAYS AT YORK”: THE GREAT AWAKENING ON THE NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND FRONTIER BY DOUGLAS L. WINIARSKI During the early 1740s, New England communities along the north­ ern frontier witnessed a series of religious revivals that were part of a transatlantic movement known as the Great Awakening. Promoted by touring evangelists such as George Whitefield and lesser known local clergyman, the revivals dominated the daily activities of ordi­ nary men and women. Published here for the first time, “A Jornal of afue Days at York, 1741,” presents a vivid portrayal of the local dy­ namics of the Awakening in Maine and New Hampshire. The author of the “Jornal,” an anonymous Boston merchant, chronicled nightly prayer meetings, conversations with pious local residents, and pow­ erful sermon performances by visiting preachers over a two-week pe­ riod in the fall of 1741. The “Jornal” demonstrates how the York re­ vival attracted dozens of visitors from neighboring towns and forged an elite network of evangelical ministers, merchants, and magistrates that stretched from Boston to the coastal villages of Maine. Douglas Winiarski is Assistant Professor of Religion at the University of Rich­ mond and the author of several articles on religion in early America. This essay is part of a larger study that explores the transformation of New England Congregationalism in the eighteenth century. T IS THE “opinion of many” Arthur Browne complained in a letter dated December 10, 1741, that “there has been an extraordinary I work on foot in the Land.” Portsmouth, New Hampshire’s Anglican rector chose an apt metaphor for his brief assessment of the religious re­ vivals that had gripped the northern New England frontier earlier that fall. For weeks, he explained, a “great concourse of people”— ministers, college students, and laity alike— had flocked to the coastal community of York, Maine to witness firsthand the alleged work of the Holy Spirit. Like most of New England’s Anglican clergy, Browne was skeptical of the emerging evangelical temperament that had surfaced in the towns that lay across the Piscataqua River to the north, and he cynically suggested Maine Historv 42:1 August 2004 48 Maine History Map of Southern M aine and York Village, ca. 1741, showing sites associated with events mentioned in the“Jornal.” 1. First Church 8. Courthouse 2. Samuel Moody* 9. Green Dragon Tavern* 3. Alexander Bulman* 10. Arthur Bragdon* 4. Woodbridge Tavern* 11. Samuel Carnes 5. Brick Tavern (Owned by William Pepperrell) 12. Joseph Sayward* 6. Old Gaol* 13. William Pepperrell* 7. Old Burying Yard * Denotes buildings still standing. “A Jornal o f a Fue Days at York” 4 9 that some had ventured to the “Eastern parts” merely on “a principle of curiosity” He initially “expected the matter would soon blow over” but, to his dismay, the York revival spread inexorably southward, and by mid- November it had transformed his own congregation into “a Scene of the veriest disorder and confusion ” “We . daily hear of its prevailing in neighbouring Towns,” he lamented, “and indeed there seems to be a prospect of its becoming general” throughout the region.1 Browne’s scornful letter was only one of numerous missives that carried the news of the Great Awakening in Maine and New Hampshire to a transatlantic audience, and not all accounts were as uncharitable as his. Kittery physician Edmund Coffin dispatched a “short representation of the mighty work of God at York” to his father just two days after visit­ ing the awakened parish on October 12, 1741.2 Several weeks later, New Castle, New Hampshire minister John Blunt proclaimed in a letter to Boston merchant Samuel Phillips Savage that “there has been a great Shaking at York.” Savage, in turn, forwarded the news to the prominent evangelist Gilbert Tennent in New Jersey three months later.3 In fact, Savage received no fewer than eight revival reports from Maine and New Hampshire over a brief three-month period in the winter of 1741-42, and manuscript copies of the same documents may be found among the personal papers of merchants and clergyman who lived hundreds of miles apart.4 In early November, New Light clergyman Nicholas Gilman of Durham noted in his diary that the “Glorious Work of God .
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