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Inhalt Teil 1.Pmd BEITR. ARANEOL., 3 (2004) Part II: THE COLOURED PLATES Material: The inclusions are preserved in Baltic amber (BB) if not otherwise noted. They are kept in numerous institutions and private collections, see the introduction and the descriptions of the inclusions. CJW = collection of J. WUNDERLICH, IMGPG = Institute and Museum of Geology and Palae- ontology of the Georg-August-University Göttingen, GPIUH = Geological- Palaeontological Institute of the University Hamburg, MZ = Muzeum Ziemi in Warsaw, PIHUB = Palaeontological Institute of the Humboldt University Berlin, SMF = Senckenberg-Museum Frankfurt a. M. Most photos were taken by myself, more than 200 by H. J. MÜLLENMEISTER, some by other friends, see above (close to the introduction). I used a microscope („binocular“) from LEITZ with a magnification up to 150x, a lighting system from SCHOTT, a camera from MINOLTA (SRT101) and films from KODAK (Ektachrome ERP 64, daylight). All the photos were digitalized, most were scanned by KODAK, some were modified later, e.g., to increase the contrast of the inclusions. For the same reason some pieces were photographed in polarized light or with blue paper; so the colours of these pieces are not original. To provide a comprehensive documentation I occasionally also took photos from less well or even badly preserved inclusions, which were covered by a white emulsion, were darkened by heating or partly hidden by fissures of the amber. I focussed on the most important structures of the inclusions. Parts of the German text, which are translated from English, are occasionally shortened and modified. Families Barychelidae, Caponiidae, Palpimanidae, Theridiidae, Ctenidae, Anyphaenidae and Salticidae: Lyssomaninae in Dominican amber: See WUNDERLICH (1986). Teil II: DIE FARBTAFELN Material: Sofern nicht anders vermerkt sind die Einschlüsse in Baltischem Bernstein (BB) konserviert. Sie werden in verschiedenen Instituten und privaten Sammlungen aufbewahrt (siehe oben und die Beschreibungen der Einschlüsse), z.B. in der Sammlung J. WUNDERLICH (CJW). Die meisten Fotos habe ich selbst angefertigt, mehr als 200 stammen von H. J. MÜLLENMEISTER, einige von weiteren Freunden, siehe bei der Einleitung. 331 Benutzt habe ich ein Binokular von LEITZ mit einer Vergrößerung bis 150- fach, eine Kaltlicht-Punktleuchte von SCHOTT, einen Fotoapparat (Spiegelreflex) von MINOLTA (SRT 101) und Filme von KODAK (Ektachrome ERP 64, Tageslicht). Alle Farbfotos wurden digitalisiert, die meisten wurden bei KODAK gescannt, einige wurden nachbearbeitet, z. B. um den Kontrast der Einschlüsse zu erhöhen. Aus demselben Grund wurden einige Stücke in polarisiertem Licht oder über blauem Papier fotografiert; die Farben dieser Stücke sind daher nicht die originalen. Um eine möglichst umfassende Dokumentation zu geben, habe ich gelegentlich auch solche Einschlüsse fotografiert, die mäßig oder sogar schlecht erhalten sind, von einer weißen Emulsion bedeckt, durch Erhitzen verdunkelt oder teilweise durch Risse im Bernstein verdeckt sind. Ich habe darauf geachtet, daß die wichtigsten Strukturen der Einschlüsse scharf abgebildet wurden. Der ins Deutsche übersetzte Text wurde gelegentlich leicht gekürzt und verändert. Sequence of the photos: THE FOSSIL SPIDERS (1-430) - spiders in copal from Madagascar (431-440) - imitations and fakes (441-447) - regenerated legs (448-451) - moulting and exuviae (452-472) - decomposition; injuries and healing processes (473-494) - egg sacs (495-523) - a retreat (524-525) - threads and webs; attachment discs and draglines (526-573) - excrements (574-582) - phoresy (583-588) - parasites (589-605) - other enemies, cannibalism (606-620) - prey (621-685) - other fossil arachnids than spiders (686-696). Reihenfolge der Fotos: DIE FOSSILEN SPINNEN (1-430) - Spinnen in Kopal von Madagskar (431-440) - Imitationen und Fälschungen (441-447) - regenerierte Beine (448-451) - Häutung und Exuvien (452-472) - Zersetzung; Verletzungen und Heilungsvorgänge (473-494) - Eier-Kokons (495-523) - ein Versteck (524-525) - Spinnfäden und Netze; Haftpunkte und Wegfäden (526-573) - Exkremente (574-582) - Phoresie (583-588) - Parasiten (589- 605) - andere Feinde, Kannibalismus (606-620) - Beute (621-685) - andere fossile Spinnentiere als Spinnen (686-696). Behind the numbers of the photos the numbers of the slides (in Latin and Arabian) of the author’s collection are noted in brackets. - Hinter den Nummern der Fotos sind die Nummern der zugehörigen Dias (lateinisch und arabisch) der Sammlung des Autors aufgeführt. 332 THE FOSSIL SPIDERS 1. Infraorder Mygalomorpha (Mygalomorphs) About 5% of the arthropods in Baltic amber are spider specimens, almost 5% are members of the Araneomorpha, only less than 0.1% of these are Mygalomorpha. So specimens of this infraorder are only rarely preserved in amber, adult spiders are extremely rare. They are mainly distributed in the tropics and subtropics. Most of these „archaic“ spiders are large(r) animals and possess powerful jaws (chelicerae), which are directed forewards and whose tips of the fangs are not crossed (photo 5). In Baltic amber exuviae of the family Ctenizidae are more likely to be found than juvenile or adult spiders; see the paper on the Mygalomorpha in this volume. DIE FOSSILEN SPINNEN 1. Zwischenordnung Längskieferspinnen (Mygalomorpha) (Vergl. unten: 2. Zwischenordnung, die Querkieferspinnen) Etwa 5% der Gliederfüßer im Baltischen Bernstein sind Spinnen, fast alle sind Querkiefers- pinnen, weniger als 0.1% von diesen sind Exemplare der Längskieferspinnen. Vertreter dieser Zwischenordnung sind im Bernstein somit nur selten erhalten, geschlechts- reife Spinnen sind extrem selten. Sie sind überwiegend in den Tropen und Subtropen ver- breitet. Die meisten dieser urtümlichen Spinnen sind größere oder große Tiere und besit- zen mächtig entwickelte Kiefer (Cheliceren), die nach vorn gerichtet sind und deren Spitzen der Gift-Klauen sich nicht überkreuzen (Foto 5). Im Baltischen Bernstein finden wir am ehesten Häutungsreste (Exuvien) der Familie Falltürspinnen; siehe die Arbeit über die Längs- kieferspinnen in diesem Band. Family Ctenizidae (Trapdoor Spiders) Trapdoor Spiders dig a tube in the earth which they cover with silk and whose opening can be closed by a lid. Their chelicerae bear stout anterior spines, a rastellum. There are few genera in Southern Europe. In Baltic amber I found members of the genus Ummidia THORELL 1875, in which the tibia of the third pair of the legs bears a dorsal depression; females, juveniles and most exuviae have spiny first and second legs (photo 6), which are absent in the males. Familie Falltürspinnen (Ctenizidae) Falltürspinnen graben eine Erdröhre, die sie mit Spinnseide auskleiden und deren Öffnung von einem Deckel verschlossen werden kann. Vorn tragen ihre Kiefer kräftige Stacheln 333 eines „Rastellums“. In Süd-Europa kommen verschiedene Gattungen vor. Im Baltischen Bernstein fand ich Vertreter der Gattung Ummidia, bei der die Tibia des dritten Beinpaares oben eine Vertiefung trägt; bei den Weibchen, den Jungspinnen und den meisten Häu- tungsresten - nicht aber bei den Männchen - tragen die Beine der ersten beiden Paare starke Stacheln (Foto 6). Photos 1-3 (I-1-3): Ummidia damzeni WUNDERLICH 2000, family Trapdoor Spiders (Ctenizidae), male holotype, body length 6mm, Baltic amber. Fotos 1-3 (I-1-3): Männliche Falltürspinne, Ummidia damzeni WUNDERLICH 2000, Holotypus, Körper-Länge 6mm, Baltischer Bernstein. (Ein Holotypus ist das wichtigste oder sogar das einzige Exemplar, auf dem die Neubeschreibung - nova species = n. sp. - einer Art gründet. Bei Fossilien kann dies ein Bruchstück sein, z. B. lediglich das Bein einer Spinne. Weitere Exemplare bei der ersten Beschreibung einer Art heißen Paratypen, meh- rere gleichrangige Exemplare werden Syntypen genannt). Photo 1) (I-1) Dorsal aspect of body and legs. Foto 1) (I-1) Körper und Beine von oben. Photo 2) (I-2) Enlarged segment of the preceding photo. Note the rugose prosoma. Foto 2) (I-2) Vergrößerter Ausschnitt des vorigen Bildes. Man beachte den runzligen Vor- derkörper. Photo 3) (I-3) Enlarged legs and pedipalpi, dorsal aspect. Note the left pedipalpus in the centre of the photo. Photo 1 334 Foto 3) (I-3) Vergrößerte Darstellung der vorderen Beine und der Pedipalpen von oben. Man beachte den langen linken Pedipalpus in der Bildmitte. Photo 2 Photo 3 Photo 4) (I-4) Ummidia malinowskii WUNDERLICH 2000, family Trapdoor Spiders (Ctenizidae), male holotype, body length 4.3mm, dorsal aspect, Baltic amber. Note the rugose prosoma and the long pedipalpi in front of the prosoma. Foto 4) (I-4) Männliche Falltürspinne, Ummidia malinowskii WUNDERLICH 2000, Holotypus von oben, Körper-Länge 4.3mm, Baltischer Bernstein. Man beachte den runzligen Vorder- körper und die langen Pedipalpen vor dem Vorderkörper. Photo 4 335 Photo 5) (I-5) Exuvia of an Ummidia sp. indet., family Trapdoor Spiders (Ctenizidae), ventral aspect of the prosoma and the basal leg articles, Baltic amber, GPIUH (559). The length of the fangs is 0.9mm. Note the cusps on labium and gnathocoxae in the centre of the photo. Foto 5) (I-5) Vorderer Teil des Häutungsrests einer Falltürspinne der Gattung Ummidia von unten, Baltischer Bernstein, GPIUH (559). Die Länge einer Giftklaue beträgt 0.9mm. Man beachte die „Zähnchen“ auf Labium und Gnathocoxen in der Bildmitte. Photo 5 Photo 6 Photo 6) (I-6) Exuvia of a Ummidia sp. indet., Trapdoor Spiders (Ctenizidae), ventral aspect, body length 2.5mm. Baltic amber, F428/BB/CJW. Note the position of the dorsal prosomal sclerite (peltidium) which is flapped
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