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Mite Diversity, New Species Description And CÉLIA SIQUEIRA FERRAZ MITE DIVERSITY, NEW SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND EVALUATION OF PHYTOSEIID MITES AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENTS OF Aceria litchii (KEIFER) (ACARI: ERIOPHYIDAE) ON LITCHI PLANTS Tese apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós- Graduação em Entomologia, para obtenção do título de Doctor Scientiae. VIÇOSA MINAS GERAIS – BRASIL 2017 Ficha catalográfica preparada pela Biblioteca Central da Universidade Federal de Viçosa - Câmpus Viçosa T Ferraz, Célia Siqueira, 1988- F369m Mite diversity, new species description and evaluation of 2017 phytoseiid mites as biological control agents of Aceria litchii (Keifer)(Acari: Eriophyidae) on litchi plants / Célia Siqueira Ferraz. – Viçosa, MG, 2017. xi, 69f. : il. (algumas color.) ; 29 cm. Orientador: Angelo Pallini Filho. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Inclui bibliografia. 1. Amblyseius herbicolus. 2. Iolinidae. 3. Litchi chinensis. 4. Phytoseius intermedius. 5. Taxonomy. I. Universidade Federal de Viçosa. Departamento de Entomologia. Programa de Pós-graduação em Entomologia. II. Título. CDD 22. ed. 595.42 Dedico A minha família, em especial aos meus pais, pelo amor incondicional. Ao meu esposo Lucimar por compartilhar a vida comigo com amor e carinho. “Olhar para trás após uma longa caminhada pode fazer perder a noção da distância que percorremos, mas se nos detivermos em nossa imagem, quando a iniciamos e ao término, certamente nos lembraremos o quanto nos custou chegar até o ponto final, e hoje temos a impressão de que tudo começou ontem. Não somos os mesmos, mas sabemos mais uns dos outros. E é por esse motivo que dizer adeus se torna complicado! Digamos então que nada se perderá. Pelo menos dentro da gente...” João Guimarães Rosa AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus por todas as bênçãos concedidas e por me permitir viver tantas emoções. À Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) e ao Departamento de Entomologia, pela oportunidade de realização deste curso. À Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) pela concessão da bolsa de estudos. Ao Professor Angelo Pallini pelo acolhimento em Viçosa, ensinamentos, palavras de conforto e incentivo nos momentos que nem eu mesma acreditei que chegaria até aqui. Ao Professor Manoel Guedes Correa Gondim Junior por toda paciência, disponibilidade para me ajudar e gentileza que teve comigo sempre que o procurei. Aos meus co-orientadores, Professores Arne Janssen, José Henrique Schoereder e Madelaine Venzon por me auxiliarem nas discussões sobre a condução dos experimentos. Ao Professor Noeli Juarez Ferla pela disponibilidade em colaborar sempre que o solicitei. Ao Phrancesco Miguel Valenza pela colaboração e gentileza em disponibilizar seu plantio de lichia para realização das coletas de ácaros. Aos Professores Cláudia Helena Cysneiros Matos de Oliveira e Carlos Romero Ferreira de Oliveira por me acolherem no início da minha vida acadêmica, me apresentando aos ácaros e às oportunidades de crescimento pessoal e profissional. E principalmente pela amizade, confiança e incentivo para eu seguir em frente e superar as dificuldades. Aos membros da banca de avaliação da tese e seus suplentes pela participação e por disponibilizarem um pouco do seu tempo para melhorar este trabalho. A meu esposo Lucimar por todo o amor, pela companhia diária, mesmo à distância, compreensão pelos meus momentos de ausência e incentivo nos momentos de dificuldade. Obrigada por dividir a vida comigo e por me fazer tão feliz. Aos meus pais, Maria da Soledade e Severino pela confiança, amor e principalmente por me ensinar o verdadeiro valor das coisas da vida. Aos meus irmãos, Zé Cândido, Zeza, Lúcia, Luciene, Josean, Eliana, João Paulo, Severino Júnior, Suely e Silvana. E aos meus cunhados e sobrinhos. Obrigada por todo apoio e carinho recebido ao longo da minha vida, cada ligação ou mensagem enquanto estive longe e pelas festinhas sempre quando fui visitá-los. Aos colegas do Laboratório de Acarologia com os quais convivi durante o Doutorado: Adriana, Aline, Ana Maria, André, Cléber, Cleide, Felipe Colares, Felipe Lemos, Henry, Ítalo, João Alfredo, Laila, Marcus, Mateus, Morgana, Pauliana, Pedro, Rafael, Renata, Tomás, Vanessa e Willian, pela amizade e boas conversas. Em especial agradeço ao Felipe Lemos e ao Marcus, que me ajudaram demais com sugestões e correções aos manuscritos. E ao Rafael que me ajudou na condução dos experimentos. Aos professores e funcionários do Departamento de Entomologia por sempre me receberem com atenção e colaborarem para minha formação profissional e para conclusão desse trabalho. Às meninas que sempre me receberam muito bem durante minhas passagens por Recife, Aleuny, Karina e Yasmin. Obrigada pelo carinho e amizade de todas vocês. À Tamíris Araújo, pela amizade e auxílio nos estudos para as disciplinas. Somos vencedoras! Às meninas das repúblicas com quem convivi esses anos em Viçosa, Cláudia, Thamyres, Paula, Camila, Jéssica, Fernanda, Bárbara, Letícia, Iara, Kath, Rose, Amanda e Suely (minha irmã que aperreei bastante para ir para Viçosa também!). Obrigada pela amizade, momentos de descontração e diversão. Vocês tornaram minha estadia em Viçosa mais alegre. Enfim, a todos que estiveram presentes e colaboraram direta ou indiretamente para a realização deste trabalho me apoiando e confiando em sua conclusão. Muito obrigada! BIOGRAFIA CÉLIA SIQUEIRA FERRAZ, filha de Severino Ferraz de Valões e Maria da Soledade Siqueira de Valões, nasceu em São José do Belmonte-PE, em 04 de março de 1988. Cursou o nível fundamental no Colégio Municipal Dr. Arcôncio Pereira e o nível médio na Escola Professor Manoel de Queiroz, na mesma cidade, concluindo em 2005. Em agosto de 2006, ingressou no Curso de Agronomia da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, onde foi bolsista de iniciação científica durante quase a totalidade do curso, sob a orientação dos Professores Cláudia Helena Cysneiros Matos de Oliveira e Carlos Romero Ferreira de Oliveira. Graduou-se Engenheira Agrônoma em março de 2011. No mesmo mês e ano iniciou o Curso de Mestrado em Produção Vegetal na Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada, em Serra Talhada - PE, sob a orientação da Professora Cláudia Helena Cysneiros Matos de Oliveira, concluindo em fevereiro de 2013. Em agosto de 2013 iniciou o Doutorado no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia na Universidade Federal de Viçosa, em Viçosa – MG, sob a orientação do Professor Angelo Pallini, submetendo-se à defesa de tese em 28 de novembro de 2017. ABSTRACT FERRAZ, Célia Siqueira, D.Sc., Universidade Federal de Viçosa, November, 2017. Mite diversity, new species description and evaluation of phytoseiid mites as biological control agents of Aceria litchii (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) on litchi plants. Adviser: Angelo Pallini Filho. Co-advisers: Arnoldus Rudolf Maria Janssen, José Henrique Schoereder and Madelaine Venzon. Aceria litchii (Keifer) (Acari: Eriophyidae) is considered one of the main pests of the litchi crop through the world. The control of this pest mite in the main production areas is done by pruning of the infested branches and application of pesticides. However, there is no pesticide registered in Brazil for control of this mite in the litchi crop and pruning is considered expensive by many growers. In addition, pesticides are often inefficient against most eriophyid mites since they frequently live under protective structures of the plant. This all reinforces the need of research for alternative control practices that are sustainable in the long term, such as biological control, which consists of the use of natural enemies to reduce the population density of pest species. Given this, initially, surveys were carried out in litchi orchards seeking natural enemy species with potential to control A. litchii. Later, two new species of the Iolinidae family, which were found during these survey, were described and illustrated. Then, two species from the Phytoseiidae family collected during the field survey were selected, Phytoseius intermedius Evans & MacFarlane and Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant), and the ability of these predators to control A. litchii in litchi plants was investigated under field conditions. Moreover, it was investigated whether the supplementation of the A. herbicolus population with alternative food (cattail pollen) could improve the control of A. litchii. Most of the mite species found belong to families that were predominantly predators. Phytoseiidae was the most diverse family of mites, with a total of 11 species. The two new species described and illustrated in the Iolinidae family were Pausia litchiae n. sp. and Pseudopronematulus nadirae n. sp.. Moreover, it was shown that the incidence of erinea on plants increased throughout the experiment on all treatments. In the same way, the pollen addition did not provide greater population growth for A. herbicolus on the litchi plants. In conclusion, these results showed the arthropod diversity found associated with the erinea induced by A. litchii, highlighting the large number of predatory mites. Furthermore, the description of the new species of mites in the Iolinidae family was also shown. In addition, it was observed that P. intermedius and A. herbicolus presented limitations to control the increase of the incidence of erinea induced by A. litchii. RESUMO FERRAZ, Célia Siqueira, D.Sc., Universidade Federal de Viçosa, novembro de 2017. Diversidade de ácaros, descrição de novas espécies e avaliação de ácaros
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