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Home , Bankura, Paraphytoseius, Purulia, Purulia district, South Bengal

Vol. 21 (3), September, 2019 BIONOTES

MITES ON SOME MEDICINAL PLANTS OCCURRING IN AND DISTRICTS OF SOUTH WITH TWO NEW REPORTS FROM ALONG WITH KEYS TO DIFFERENT TAXONOMIC CATEGORIES AFSANA MONDAL1 & S.K. GUPTA2 Medicinal Plants Research and Extension Centre, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama, , – 700103 [email protected] Reviewer: Peter Smetacek Introduction The two districts, viz. Purulia and Bankura, reported, of those, 11 being phytophagous, 17 come under and both are being predatory and 2 being fungal feeders. It considered as drought prone areas. Purulia is has also included 2 species, viz. Amblyseius located between 22.60° and 23.50° North sakalava Blommers and Orthotydeus latitude, 85.75° and 76.65° East longitude. caudatus (Duges), the records of which were is located in 22.38° and earlier unknown from India. These apart, 23.38° North latitude and between 86.36° and Raoeilla pandanae Mohanasundaram has also 87.46° East longitude. The collection spots in been reported for the first time from West were Bundwan, , Bengal. All the measurements given in the text Jalda-I, Santuri and those in Bankura district are in microns. A key to all taxonomic were , Bishnupur, . The total categories has also been provided. land areas of these two districts are 6259 and Materials and Methods 6882 sq. km., respectively. The climatic The including both phytophagous and conditions of the two districts are tropical to predatory groups were collected during July, sub-tropical. Although both the districts are 2018 to April, 2019 from medicinal plants very dry areas but they are good habitats for encountered in Purulia and Bankura districts many medicinal plants. So far as mites on of South Bengal. The collection was done by medicinal plants are concerned, though some directly examining the leaves in the field itself works like Gupta et al. (2003), Ghosal et al. with a 20x pocket lens and the collected (2003), Lahiri et al. (2004), Gupta S.K (2005), specimens were preserved in 70% ethyl Gupta et al. (2005), Roy et al. (2006), Roy & alcohol. Initially, mounting was done in lactic Saha (2010), Gupta et al. (2015), Mondal & acid and were gently heated over an electric Gupta (2016), Gupta et al. (2017), have been bulb (40 watts) and subsequently permanently published, none of those studies intensively mounted in Hoyer’s medium. For covered these two districts. In view of that, the identification, the updated literature was present study was taken up during July 2018 consulted. to April 2019 and this paper documents the Results species collected from medicinal plants The systematic account deals with a total of 30 of those areas, and provides information species under 19 genera, 9 families and 4 regarding their collection data, diagnosis, orders collected from 27 species of medicinal distribution and importance, if any. plant. Out of these, 11 species under 9 genera, A total of 30 species of mites belonging to 19 3 families were phytophagous, 17 species genera, 9 families, and 4 orders have been under 8 genera, 4 families and 2 orders were 78

Vol. 21 (3), September, 2019 BIONOTES predatory and the remaining 2 species under 2 * Tracheal system with 1 pair of families were fungal feeders. Regarding stigmata between bases of chelicerae or on relative abundance, 8 species of phytophagous anterior prodorsum…Suborder- mites, viz. Porcupinychus abutiloni on Piper - Chelicera typically chelate, dentate, nigrum, Oligonychus biharensis on Aegle stylet-like palp never with thumb marmelos, Tetranychus macfarlanei on claw process, empodium claw-like or Rauvolfia serpentina, Polyphagotarsonemus sucker-like…Suborder latus on Mentha arvensis and Raoiella ,3 pandanae on Phoenix dactylifera were most 3. Prodorsum without specialized abundant and important as pests. Among sensory organ, genital aperture predatory mites, Amblyseius adhatodae, exposed or partially covered by Amblyseius largoensis, Agistemus fleschneri paragenital flaps, inversely V, U or Y and Pronematus elongatus were abundant as shaped with 2 pairs of genital predators. Keys to different taxonomic papillae…Suborder-, categories have also been given. Cohort- Astigmata Systematic Account - Prodorsum usually with a pair of Subclass- specialized setae arising from  Key to Superorders/ Orders/ sensory pits (bothridia or pseudo- Suborders of subclass Acari: stigmatic organ), genital aperture 1. With 1-4 pairs of dorsolateral or covered, leg claw with a median ventrolateral stigmata posterior to claw-like empodium (tridactyle) coxae II, legs II-IV with or only empodial claw present peripodomeric fissure associated (monodactyle)………Suborder-Oribatida with slit organ, tarsus of legs I with (excluding Astigmata) dense dorsal cluster of solenidiform A. Phytophagous Group setae subdistally…Superorder- Order: * Sub order: Prostigmata * Normally tritosternum present having  Key to the families of Prostigmata: a distinctive base and 1 or 2 laciniae, palp 1. Gnathosoma usually circular, palpi tarsus with forked seta, stigmata present minute,lying closely appressed laterally between 3rd and 4th coxae… Order- laterally, chelicerae tiny, stylet- like….Family -Tarsonemidae - Without visible stigmata posterior to - Gnathosoma variously shaped, coxae II, coxae of legs integrated generally conspicuous, chelicerae with venter of podosoma and often distinct, palpi well forming coxisterna, coxae of leg II- developed………………………..2 IV without peripodomeric fissure 2. With a distinct palpal thumb claw and slit organ, tarsus of leg II with process………………..…………4 sparse pairing of dorsal - Without a distinct palpal thumb setae………………………………2 claw process……………………...3 2. Chelicerae rarely chelate, fixed digit 3. Chelicera with opposed stylet or often regressed, movable digit hook, scissors- knife, needle or stylet-like structure, like,…FamilyTydeidae/Iolinidae palpi simple or modified to thumb - Chelicera whip-like and long, claw process………………. genital aperture transverse…….. Order- Trombidiformes* Family - Tenuipalpidae 79

Vol. 21 (3), September, 2019 BIONOTES 4. Chelicera not long and whip-like, Hystoriconychus gracilipes, Pritchard & rather short and stylet-like, Baker,1955, Pacific Coast. Ent. Soc. Mem. Genital aperture Ser.2:39. longitudinal….Family-Stigmaeidae Diagnosis: The dorsal setal characters do not - Chelicera long, re-curved, whip-like tally with those of gracilipes and also arising from stylophore, genital difference exists in the chaetotaxy of tibia and aperture transverse…Family- tarsus of both leg I and leg II. Further study is Tetranychidae being done to ascertain its identity. Family1: Tetranychidae Collection Data: 1 ,, Bankura  Key to the genera of Tetranychidae: Dist., Shimlapal forest, ex. Piper nigrum, 1. Empodium with tenent hairs, female 30.ix.2018. with 3 pairs of anal setae and male Distribution: India (West Bengal). with 5 pairs of genito anal setae…. Remarks: Only once encountered, economic Subfamily-Bryobiinae importance unknown. 2. Porcupinychus abutiloni Anwarullah Humeral setae (C1) contiguous with first pair of dorsolateral Porcupinychus abutiloni Anwarullah, 1996, setae……Tribe-Hystrichonychini Can.Ent. 98: 71-75. (genera-Hystrichonychus, Porcupinychus abutiloni, Gupta, 1994, Mem., Porcupinychus) Zool. Surv. India 18(1):16-18. - Empodium without tenent pairs, or Diagnosis: empodium may by absent, Female: Body including rostrum 400 long, female with 1 or 2 pairs of anal 200 wide, oval, terminal sensilum of palp setae, males with3-4 pairs of genito longer than broad. Idiosomal setae thick anal setae………….Subfamily- serrate on tubercles. Tarsus I with 1 sensory Tetranychinae. and 2 tactile setae proximal to duplex setae. 2. With 2 pairs of para anal setae, Tarsus II with 1 sensory and 2 tactile setae. ……… genus-Schizotetranychus Collection Data: 5 , West Bengal, Purulia - With 1 pair of para anal Dist., Bundwan, ex. Marsilea quadrifolia, setae…………………………. 3 8.x.2018. 3. Empodium of Tarsus I without Distribution: India (West Bengal, Punjab, claws………genus-Eutetranychus Gujarat), Pakistan. - Empodium of Tarsus I ends in Remarks: Moderate infestation occurred on claws…………………………. 4 both surfaces of mentioned host causing 4. Tarsus I with duplex setae distal and severe chlorosis. approximate, empodial claw with Sub-family: Tetranychinae proximo ventral hairs………genus- 3. Eutetranychus maximae Nassar & Ghai Oligonychus Eutetranychus maximae Nassar & Ghai, - Tarsus I with duplex setae well 1981,Oriental Ins.15: 333-396. apart, empodial claw splits into 3 Eutetranychus maximae,Gupta, 1994, Mem., pairs of hairs….genus-Tetranychus Zool. Surv. India, 18(1): 33-34. Subfamily: Bryobiinae Diagnosis: 1.Hystorichonychus sp. nr gracilipes Female: Body including rostrum 450 long, (Banks) 330 wide, propodosomal setae 3 pairs. Tetranychus gracilipes Banks, 1900, USDA, Hysterosomal setae 10 pairs, set on strong Tech.Ser.8:72. tubercles, propodosoma with longitudinal

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Vol. 21 (3), September, 2019 BIONOTES striae, hysterosomal striation between 2nd and Distribution: India (West Bengal, Andaman 3rd dorsocentral setae in V pattern. & Nicobar Is., , Gujarat, Karnataka, Collection Data: 2 , West Bengal, Bankura Kerala, Tamil Nadu), Antigua, Brazil, Hawaii, Dist., Chhatna, ex. Murraya koenigii, Mauritius, Philippines, Thailand, Taiwan. 18.x.2018. Remarks: Often encountered on the host on Distribution: India (West Bengal, Delhi). upper surface, causing first yellowing and then Remarks: Occurred on upper surface of browning of leaves, followed by defoliation. mentioned host causing no damage worth 6. Tetranychus macfarlanei Baker & mentioning. Pritchard 4. Schizotetranychus baltazari Rimando Tetranychus macfarlanei Baker & Pritchard, Schizotetranychus baltazari Rimando,1962, 1960, Hilgardia 29: 455-574. Tech.Bull.Coll.Agric.Univ,11:52. Tetranychus macfarlanei, Gupta, 1994, Mem., Schzotetranychus baltazari, Gupta, 1994, Zool. Surv. India 18 (1): 129-131. Mem., Zool. Surv. India 18(1):89-90. Diagnosis: Diagnosis: Female: Body including rostrum 350 long, Female: Body including rostrum 310 long, 330 wide. Terminal sensillum of palp shorter 220 wide, Tarsus I with 9 tactile setae than broad. Tarsus I with 2 sensory and 3 proximal to duplex setae. Tibia I with 1 tactile tactile setae proximal to duplex setae. Tarsus and 7 sensory setae. II with 1 sensory and 4 tactile setae. Outer and Collection Data: 3 , West Bengal, Bankura inner sacral setae of same length. Dist., Chhatna, ex. Murraya koenigii, Collection Data: Several males and females, 18.x.2018. West Bengal, Purulia Dist., Santuri, ex. Distribution: India (West Bengal, Assam, Rauvolfia serpentina, 10.ix.2018. Karnataka), Myanmar, Thailand, Taiwan, Remarks: Infestation during July-October Hong Kong, Philippines. was nil, appeared in second fortnight of March Remarks: Moderate infestation was seen on and became abundant in April. the mentioned host on upper leaf surface, Family2: Tenuipalpidae producing stippling on leaves.  Key to the genera of Tenuipalpidae: 5.Oligonychus biharensis (Hirst) 1. Dorsosublateral hysterosomal setae Paratetranychus biharensis Hirst, 1924, Ann. absent or not more than 1 pair, Mag. nat. Hist, London, 9(14): 522-527. genital and ventral plates separate, Oligonychus biharensis, Pritchard & Baker, well defined, the latter being 1955, Pacific Coast Ent. Soc. Mem. Ser. 2: rectangular palp 4-5 364-365. segmented…genus-Brevipalpus Oligonychus biharensis, Gupta, 1994, Mem., - Dorsosublateral hysterosomal setae Zool. Surv. India, 18(1): 100-103. 2-4 pairs, palp two Diagnosis: Body including rostrum 400 long, segmented…genus-Raoiella 300 wide. Palp with terminal serisillum 3 Genus: Brevipalpus times longer than wide, tibia I with 1 sensory Key to the species of Brevipalpus: and 9 tactile setae, tarsus I with 1 sensory and 1. Tarsus II with single 4 tactile setae proximal to duplex setae. solenidion……………………...2 Preanal setae shorter than inner and outer - Tarsus II with 2 sacrals. solenida………………phoenicis Collection Data: 3 , West Bengal, Purulia 2. Propodosoma with irregular Dist., Santuri, ex. Aegle marmelos, reticulation dorsolaterally, median 10.ix.2018. area smooth……. obovatus 81

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- Propodosoma not like above, Diagnosis: Mediolateral area of trochanter IV without propodosomal region with polygonal cells. seta……………. euphorbiae Hysterosoma reticulated throughout its length. 7.Brevipalpus euphorbiae Collection Data: 10 , West Bengal, Bankura Mohanasundaram Dist., Bishnupur, ex. Moringa oleifera, Brevipalpus euphorbiae Mohanasundaram, 7.xii.2018. 1982, Entomon 7(4): 427-429. Distribution: India (West Bengal, Arunachal Brevipalpus euphorbiae, Gupta & Mandal, Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Delhi, Haryana, 2015, Mem., Zool. Surv. India, 22 (2): 19. Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Diagnosis: Body 290 long, 175 wide, rostrum Kanataka, Maharashtra, Meghalaya, Odisha, extends beyond middle of femur I, palp 4- Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Tripura). This segmented, 5 pairs of dorsocentral species is known from different parts of the hystorosomal setae being serrate, 1 pair of world and from India this has been recorded medioventral propodosomal setae. from extensive areas. (Gupta & Mandal, Collection Data: 4 , West Bengal, Purulia 2015). Dist., Jalda-I, ex. Solanum xanthocarpum, Remarks: This mite causes light brownish 28.xi.2018. patches on leaves. Distribution: India (West Bengal, Punjab, 10. Raoiella pandanae Mohanasundaram Tamil Nadu). Raoiella pandanae Mohanasundaram,1989, Remarks: Importance unknown. Indian J. Acar. 10(1&2): 31-33. 8. Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu Raoiella pandanae, Gupta & Mandal, 2015, Brevipalpus obovatus Donnadieu, 1875, Ann. Mem., Zool. Surv. India 22(2):42-43. Soc. Linn. Loyn (n. ser.), 22(1876): 29-136. Diagnosis: Body round, propodosoma with 3 Brevipalpus obovatus, Gupta & Mandal, pairs of setae, Hysterosoma with 3 pairs of 2015, Mem., Zool. Surv. India, 22 (2): 23-24. dorso centrals and 5 pairs of dorso lateral, 4 Diagnosis: Tarsus II with single sensory rod, pairs of dorsosublateral setae, genital plate no propodosomal reticulation, 6 pairs of with 2 pairs of setae. dorsolateral hysterosomal setae. Collection Data: 8 , West Bengal, Bankura Collection Data: 2 ,West Bengal, Purulia Dist., Bishnupur, ex. Phoenix dactylifera, Dist., Jalda-I, ex. Clerodendrum inerme, 7.xii.2018. 28.xi.2018. Distribution: India (Delhi, Punjab, Tamil Distribution: India (West Bengal, Tamil Nadu, Haryana and West Bengal). This is one Nadu). of the widely distributed species throughout Remarks: This is the first report from West the world. Bengal. It occurred on under surface of leaves Remarks: This mite caused the appearance of producing reddish patches. brownish spots which later coalesce to form Family 3. Tarsonemidae brownish patches. 11. Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks) 9. Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) Tarsonemus latus Banks, 1904, Proc. U. S. Brevipalpus phoenicis Geijskes, 1939, Arten. Nat. Mus., 32(1553): 615. Meded. Landb.-Hoogesch.Wageningen, Hemitarsonemus latus, Dutta, 1958, Indian 42(4): 1-68. Farm., 8: 10-12. Brevipalpus phoenicis, Gupta & Mandal, Polyphagotarsonemus latus, Gupta, 2012, 2015, Mem., Zool. Surv. India, 22(2): 24-25. p.187. Diagnosis: Body oval, tiny, glossy or whitish. Hysterosoma of female with 1 pair of ventral 82

Vol. 21 (3), September, 2019 BIONOTES setae situated between coxae IV. Terminal Diagnosis: Propodosomal plate non-reticulate claw of leg IV of male reduced to small with 3 pairs of setae and hysterosomal plate tubercle. with 5 pairs of setae. Measureents of setae ae- Collection data: 5 , West Bengal, Purulia 40, be-80, ce-60, a-60, b-60, c-65, la-63, ae/ae- Dist., Baghmundi, ex- Mentha arvensis on ae=1.42, a-b=70 5.ix.2018. Collection Data: 3 , West Bengal, Bankura Distribution: India (Cosmopolitan). Dist., Shimlapal forest, ex. Melia azadirachta, Remarks: This mite in all stages was found 20.ix.2018. abundantly on lower surface of apical leaves Distribution: India (West Bengal, Arunachal of Mentha arvensis causing crinkling of Pradesh). leaves. Scapulaseius polyantheae, as its Remarks: This species, although close to predator, was found associated with this Agistemus edulis but the measurements of tarsonemid mite. dorsal idiosomal setae do not tally with those B. Predatory Group of Agistemus edulis. Family 4: Iolinidae 14. Agistemus fleschneri Summers 12. Pronematus elongatus Baker Agistemus fleschneri Summers 1960, Proc. Pronemats elongatus Baker, 1968, Ann. Ent. Ent. Soc. Wash., 62: 237-240. Soc. Amer. 61: 1093-1094. Agistemus fleschneri, Gonzalez-Rodriguez Pronematus elongatus,Gupta, 2003, Mem, 1965, Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent., 41: 30-31. Zool. Surv. India 20 (1): 124-125. Agistemus fleschneri, Gupta, 2003, Mem., Diagnosis: Propodosoma with longitudinal Zool. Surv. India 20 (1): 101-102. striation. Histerosomal plate with transverse Diagnosis: Propodasoma with polygonal striation between D1-D2. Tarsus I longer than cells, 3 pairs of setae on propodosoma tibia I, Distal setae of tarsus I slightly longer measuring ae-40, be-69, ce-65, a-50, la-50, b- than segment, solenidion on tarsus I short and 45, lm-50, c-52, li-55, e-30, le-10. rounded. Collection Data: 2 , West Bengal, Bankura Collection Data: 1 , West Bengal, Bankura Dist., Chhatna, ex. Carculigo orchioides, Dist., Bishnupur, ex. Punica granatum, 3.ix.2018. 25.ix.2018. Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, Distribution: U.S.A, India (Jammu & Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Sikkim, Kashmir, West Bengal). Tripura, Delhi, West Bengal, Haryana, Remarks: It was found associated with Punjab, Andaman & Nicobar Is.), U.S.A, mealybug. Chile, Mexico. Family5: Stigmaeidae Remarks: Although this is known to be a Genus: Agistemus good predator of spider mites but such  Key to the species of Agistemus: behavior was not observed in the present 1. Propodosomal plate study. reticulate……………fleschneri 15. Agistemus industani Gonzalez - - Propodosomal platenot Rodriguez reticulate.……….…………. 2 Agistemus industani Gonzalez-Rodriguez, 2. Ratio of setae ae/ae-ae 1.5 or 1965, Univ. Calif. Pub. Ent., 41: 40. more……………… industani Agistemus industani, Gupta, 2003, Mem., - Ratio of setae ae/ae-ae less than Zool. Surv. India 20(1): 104-105. 1.5………………… edulis Diagnosis: Propodosomal shield smooth. 13. Agistemus sp. nr edulis Gupta Measurements of setae ae-56, be-80, ce-65, a- 55, b-70, lm-70. 83

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Collection Data: 2 , West Bengal, Purulia 2. Ratio of setae s4: Z1<3.0:1.0Tribe- Dist., Bundwan, ex.Emblica officinalis, Typhlodromipsini 15.ix.2018. - Ratio s4: Z1> 3.1:1.0…Tribe- Distribution: India (West Bengal, Arunachal Amblyseiini, Pradesh, Mizoram, Nagaland, , genus- Amblyseius Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka). 3. Dorsal shield with waist at level of Remarks: Importance of this species is R1 seta……Genus-Typhlodromips unknown. - Dorsal shield without prominent waist Family 6: Tydeidae at the level of R1 seta……. Genus- 16. Orthotydeus caudatus (Duges). Scapulaseius Orthotydeus caudatus, Zhang et al. 2001, Genus: Amblyseius (after Denmark & MAF Science Policy, Project FMA 171, July Muma, 1989) 2001: 25.  Key to the species of Amblyseius: Diagnosis: Idiosoma 300 long, propodosoma 1. Cervix long slender, tubluar or with 4 pairs of setae including sensory setae. fundibular…. largoensis group, 2 Idiosoma with 11 pairs of setae, of which 4 - Cervix sacular or sacular with pairs on dorsocentral series, 3 pairs of various modifications…punctatuns prosterior opisthosomal setae (h1, h2 and ps1) group…….kulini. and remaining on dorsocentral series. Femur 2. Spermathica with tubular II with 2 setae, Femur III with 1 seta. cervix………………………. 3 Collection Data: 1 , West Bengal, Purulia - Spermathica with fundibular cervix Dist., Jalda-I, ex. Clerodendrum inerme, 3. Z5 275 micron 22.viii.2018. long………………… sakalava. Distribution: Ireland, Canada (Manitona), - Z5 about 200 micron Egypt, Ukraine, Sweden, New Zealand, India long……………… largoensis. (West Bengal). - Z5 about 250 micron Remarks: This species was so far not known long……………… herbicolus. from India. - Z5 about 100 micron Order: Mesostigmata long……………… adhatodae. Family 7: - S4 less than 100 micron  Key to the tribes and genera of sub long……………. herbicoloides. family : 17.Amblyseius kulini Gupta 1. Sternal shield with posterior projection, Amblyseius kulini Gupta, 1978, Indian J. Acar. some forward migration of preanal setae JV2 2 (2): 62-65. and ZV2, preanal setae in male arranged in Amblyseius kulini, Gupta, 2003, tangential row rather than in triangular Mem.Zool.Surv. India 20(1): 22. pattern……Tribe-Euseiini, genus-Euseius, Diagnosis: -Sternal shield without posterior projection, Female: Dorsal shield 300 long, 230 wide. j1, no forward j3, s4, Z4, Z5 measure 28, 44, 82, 85 and 200 migration of JV2 and ZV2, preanal setae respectively Macrosetae on leg IV, genu-70, in male arranged in triangular pattern not tibia-60, basitarsus-60. in tangential row…………2 Collection Data: 2 , West Bengal: Purulia 1. Setae S4 absent…tribe- Dist., Bundwan, ex Paederia foetida, Kampimodromini,genus- 6.vii.2018. Paraphytoseius Distribution: India, West Bengal (Purulia, - Setae S4 present……….3. Bankura), Assam, Meghalaya. 84

Vol. 21 (3), September, 2019 BIONOTES Remarks: The host forms a new habitat Collection data: 2 , West Bengal, Purulia record for the species. Dist., Bundwan, ex. Carica papaya, 18. Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) 6.vii.2018. Amblyseiopsis largoensis Muma, Ann. Ent. Distribution: Madagascar (Malagasy Soc. Amer., 48:266. Republic). New report from India. Amblyseius largoensis, Wei-nan, 1984, Remarks: New record from India. Acarology VI, 1: 222. 20. Amblyseius adhatodae Muma Amblyseius largoensis, Gupta, 2003, Mem., Amblyseius adhatodae Muma, 1967, Fla. Ent., Zool. Surv. India 20 (1): 22-23. 50: 268-270. Diagnosis: Dorsal shield 375 long, 270 wide, Amblyseius adhatodae, Gupta, 2003, Mem, setae j1, j3, s4, Z5, Z4 measure 36, 50, 105, 270, Zool. Surv. India 20(1): 15. 100 respectively. Macrosetae on leg IV: genu- Diagnosis: Dorsal shield 380 long, 270 wide 100, tibia-65, basitarsus-50. j1, j3, s4, Z5, Z4 measure 45, 58, 130, 300 and Collection Data: 2 , West Bengal: Purulia 150, respectively. Macrosetae on leg IV: genu- Dist., Bundwan, ex. Paederia foetida, 100, tibia-70, basitarsus-90. 6.vii.2018; 2 , Bagmundi, ex. Gloriosa Collection data: 1 1 , West Bengal, superba, 7.vii.2018, 4 , 1 , Bankura Dist, Bankura Dist., Simlapal forest, ex. Marsilea Simlapal forest, ex. Clerodendrum inerme, quadrifolia, 30.vii.2018 30.vii.2018, 1 , Bankura, Simlapal forest, ex. Distribution: India (Maharashtra, West Datura metel, 30.vii.2018, 3 ,1 , Bankura, Bengal), Pakistan. Bishnupur, ex. Thespesia lampus, 4.viii.2018. Remarks: Importance unknown. Distribution: Australia, Southeastern U.S., 21. Amblyseius herbicolus (Chant) Mexico, Guatemala, Jamaica, Bahamas, Typhlodromus (Amblyseius) herbicolus Puerto Rico, South Africa, Thailand, India Chant, 1959, Can Ent., 91: 84-85. (West Bengal, Manipur, Tripura, Nagaland, Amblyseius herbicolus, Lo, 1986, Pl. Prot. Arunachal Pradesh, Punjab, Odisha, Sikkim, Bull. Taiwan, 28: 31-39. Andhra Pradesh Assam, Himachal Pradesh, Diagnosis: Dorsal shield 360 long, 260 wide, Tamil Nadu, Puduchery, Kerala, Uttar j1, j3, s4, Z5, Z4 measures 25, 35, 110, 210, 120 Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Gujarat, respectively. Macrosetae on leg IV: genu-130, Andaman & Nicobar Is., Lakshadwip Is., tibia-80, basitarsus-70. Mizoram, Bihar, Meghalaya, Karnataka) Collection data: 2 , West Bengal, Purulia Remarks: Abundantly available on most of Dist. Jalda-I, ex-Tectona grandis, 7.viii.2018. the mentioned plants. It was found feeding on Distribution: Portugal, Pakistan, South juvenile stages of Brevipalpus obovatus on America, North America, West Indies, Africa, Clerodendrum inerme. Australia, Turkey, Egypt, Japan and China, 19.Amblyseius sakalava Blommers India (West Bengal, Tripura, Mizoram, Amblyseius sakalava Blommers, 1976: By Sikkim, Tamil Nadu). dragen Tot de Dierkunde 46(1): 96. Remarks: Found associated with Amblyseius sakalava, Denmark & Muma, Oligonychus biharensis, but feeding was not 1989, Occ. Pap. Fla. St. Coll. Of Argl.4: 56- observed. 57. 22. Amblyseius herbicoloides McMurtry & Diagnosis: Dorsal shield 375 long, 250 wide Moraes j1, j3, s4, Z4, Z5 measure 40, 57, 104, 282 and Amblyseius herbicoloides McMurtry and 110 respectively, Macrosetae on leg IV: genu- Moraes, 1984, Internal. J. Acarol. 10(1):27- 127, tibia-96, basitarsus-68. 37.

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Amblyseius herbicoloides, Denmark & Muma, 24. Euseius sacchari (Ghai & Menon) 1989, Occ. Pap. Fla. St. Coll. of Agri., 4: 57- Amblyseius sacchari Gai & Menon, 1967, 58. Oriental Ins., 1: 75-76. Diagnosis: Dorsal shield 340 long, 230 wide, Amblyseius (Euseius) sacchari Gupta, 2003, j1, j3, s4, Z5, Z4 measure 35,42,70,300,65 Mem., Zool. Surv. India 20 (1): 45-46. respectively. Macrosetae on leg IV: genu-139, Diagnosis: Dorsal shield 320 long, 240 wide, tibia-110, basitarsus-45. measurements of setae j1 30, j3 10, s4 15, Z5, Collection data: 2 , West Bengal, Purulia 43, Z4, 11. Macrosetae on leg IV: genu-30, Dist., Jalda-I, ex. Calotropis procera, tibia-33, basitarsus-50. 7.viii.2018. Collection Data: 2 , West Bengal, Bankura, Distribution: Fiji, India (West Bengal, Dist. Chhatna, ex. Croton persiflora, Karnataka). Remarks: Importance not known. 14.viii.2018, 1 , Purulia Dist., Santuri, ex. Genus: Euseius Asparagus racemosus, 22.viii.2018.  Key to the species of Euseius: Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Punjab, 1. Setae S2-S5 equal……… ovalis. Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka). - S2 – S5 unequal, S4,S5 equal and Remarks: Importance not known. longer than S2 ……. sacchari. Genus: Paraphytoseius 23. Euseius ovalis (Evans)  Key to the species of Paraphytoseius: Typhlodromus ovalis Evans, 1953, Ann. Mag. 1. Macrosetae of leg IV Nat. Hist., 6: 458-461. spatulate……….... bhadrakaliensis. Amblyseius (Euseius) ovalis, Gupta, 1986, - Macrosetae on leg IV non-spatulate, Fauna of India: Phytoseiidae, p. 92-94. more or less rod like……. Euseius ovalis Gupta, 2003, Mem., Zool. Surv. orientalis. India 20 (1): 42-43 25. Paraphytoseius orientalis (Narayanan, Diagnosis: Dorsal shield 330 long, 240 wide Kaur & Ghai). Typhlodromips (Amblyseius) orientalis measurements of setae j1 30, Z5 45. Other setae small or very small, macrosetae on leg IV: Narayanan, Kaur & Ghai. 1960, Proc. Nat. genu-35, tibia-25, basitarsus-45. Inst. Sci. 26B: 394. Amblyseius (Paraphytoseius) multidentatus, Collection Data: 4 , West Bengal, Bankura Gupta, 2003, Mem., Zool. Surv. India, 20 (1): Dist., Chhatna, ex.Woodfordia fruticosa, 59-60. 14.viii .2019. Diagnosis: Dorsal shield 290 long, 160 wide, Distribution: India (Arunachal Pradesh, measurements of setae j1 35, j3 80, s4 111, Z5 Assam, Sikkim, Mizoram, Meghalaya, 100, Z4 80 all being thick and serrate. Tripura, West Bengal, Manipur, Bihar, Macrosetae on leg IV: genu-28, tibia-30, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, basitarsus-30. Puduchery, Kerala, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Collection Data: 3 , 1 , West Bengal, Punjab, Andaman & Nicobar Isls., Bankura Dist., Bishnupur, ex. Clerodendrum Lakshadwip Isls.), Philippines, Taiwan, inerme, 22.viii.2018, 2 , Bankura Dist., Hawaii, Mauritius, Mexico, Malayasia, Hong Chhatna, ex. Terminalia arjuna, 14.viii.2019. kong, Japan, Indonesia, New Zealand, Distribution: India(West Bengal, Bankura Australia. Dist., Bishnupur, ex. Clerodendrum inerme, Remarks: Though it is known to be a good 22.viii.2018, 2 , Bankura Dist., Terminalia predator but such behavior was not observed arjuna, 14.viii.2019. during present study. 86

Vol. 21 (3), September, 2019 BIONOTES Remarks: Moderate occurrence in Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) syzygii, Gupta, association with Brevipalpus mite on 2003, Mem., Zool. Surv. India 20(1): 82-83. Terminalia arjuna. Diagnosis: Dorsal shield 300 long, 200 wide, 26. Paraphytoseius bhadrakaliensis (Gupta) Measurements of setae j1 20, j3 20, s4 20, Z5 70 Amblyseius bhadrakaliensis Gupta, 1970, (serrate), Z4 35. Macrosetae on leg IV, genu- Bull. Ent. Soc. India. 10: 127-128. 45, tibia-30, basitarsus-50. Amblyseius bhadrakaliensis, Prasad, 1974, Collection Data: 4 , West Bengal, Purulia Indira Acar. Pub. House, Ludhiana: 161. Dist., Baghmundi, ex.Ocimum tenuiflorum, Paraphytoseius bhadrakaliensis,Chant & 5.ix.2018. McMurtry, 2007, Indira. Pub. House, Distribution: India (West Bengal, Odisha, Michigan, U.S.A: 53. Tripura, Meghalaya, Bihar, Sikkim, Mizoram, Diagnosis: Dorsal shield 270 long, 138 wide, Uttar Pradesh), Thailand. measurements of setae j1 22, j4- j6 and J5 6 to 8 Remarks: Found associated with long, j3 50 long, Z5 80 long, Z4 70 long, r3 23 Polyphagotarsonemus latus, feeding on its long, s4 73 long. The other setae on dorsal eggs. shield measure 7-10 long. Macrosetae on leg Family 8: Glycyphagidae IV: genu-30, tibia-34, basitarsus-45. 29. Glycyphagus domesticus (De Geer) Collection Data: 2 , 1M, West Bengal, Acarus domesticus De Geer, 1778, Mem. Hist. Purulia Dist., Santuri, ex.Terminalia chebula, Ins. 7: 106-109. 31.viii.2018. Glycyphagus domesticus, Hughes, 1970, Min. Distribution: India (Cosmopolitan). agri. Fish food, Lond. Tech. Bull., 9: 140-143. Remarks: This mite was found in association Glycyphagus domesticus, Kort et al., 1997, with Brevipalpus mite. Clinical and Experimental Allergy, 27(3): 27. Scapulaseius polyantheae (Gupta) 921. Amblyseius polyantheae Gupta, 1975, Diagnosis: Internat. J. Acarol. 1(2): 42-43. Male: Idiosoma round, cuticle dull, covered Amblyseius (Typhlodromips) polyantheae, with minute papillae, crysta metopica extends Gupta, 2003, Mem., Zool. Surv. India 20 (1): from base of chelicera up to level of ve seta, 79. idiosomal setae pectinate, radiate from body Diagnosis: Dorsal shield 310 long, 240 wide. surface, supracoxal seta forked and branched, Measurements of setae j1 20, j3 15, s4 30, Z5 legs long with tapering segments, terminate in 60, Z4 30, other setae measure between 8-10 pre tarsus and small claw. long. Macrosetae on leg IV: genu-27, tibia - Collection Data: 5 , West Bengal, Purulia 33, basitarsus-30. Dist., Baghmundi, ex. Mangifera indica, Collection Data: 2 , West Bengal, Purulia 24.xii.2018. Dist., Baghmundi, ex. Mentha arvensis, Distribution: India, Japan, Australia, Canada, 5.ix.2018. Europe. Distribution: India (West Bengal, Tripura, Remarks: This is commonly a fungal feeding Mizoram) mite and its occurrence here is an accidental Remarks: Found associated with matter. Polyphagotarsonemus latus, on which it was Family 9: Oribatulidae found feeding on eggs. 30. Scheloribates sp. 28. Typhlodromips syzygii (Gupta) Collection Data: 5 , West Bengal, Bankura Amblyseius syzygii Gupta, 1975, Internat. J. Dist., Bundwan, ex. Phoenix dactylifera, Acarol., 1(2): 44-45. 20.i.2019. Distribution: India (West Bengal). 87

Vol. 21 (3), September, 2019 BIONOTES Remarks: This is normally associated with arvensis each inhibited 2 mite species each soil/litter and hence its occurrence here while the remaining 21 species harboured 1 appears to be accidental. species each. Among the predatory mites, Discussion Phytoseiidae was most dominant occurred on Out of the mites collected, the most abundant plant 12 species and that was followed by and injurious species were Porcupinychus Stigmaeidae representing 3 species. The abutiloni on Marsilea families Iolinidae and Tydeidae harboured 1 quadrifolia,Oligonychus biharensis on Aegle species each. marmelos, Tetranychus macfarlanei on Conclusion Rauvolfia serpentina and Raoiella pandanae The present paper reports the occurrence of a on Phoenix dactylifera. Among predatory total of 30 species under 9 families, 19 genera species, Amblyseius largoensis, Amblyseius and 4 orders from 27 species of medicinal adhatodae, Agistemus fleschneri, Pronematus plants collected from Purulia and Bankura elongatus were abundant and important districts of West Bengal. This includes 11 predators. species belonging to phytophagous group, 17 Among the moderately abundant species under predatory group and 2 species phytophagous species mention may be made under fungal feeding group. Out of these, of Schizotetranychus baltazari on Murraya Porcupinychus abutiloni on Marsilea koenigii, Brevipalpus phoenicis on Moringa quadrifolia,Oligonychus biharensis on Aegle oleifera,while among the predatory group the marmelos, Tetranychus macfarlanei on moderately abundant species were Amblyseius Rauvolfia serpentina and Raoiella pandanae kulini on Paederia foetida, Amblyseius on Phoenix dactylifera were most abundant herbicolus on Tectona grandis, Euseius ovalis and injurious phytophagous species. Among on Woodfordia fruticosa and Paraphytoseius predatory species, Amblyseius largoensis, orientalis both on Clerodendrum inerme and Amblyseius adhatodae, Agistemus fleschneri, Terminalia arjuna. Pronematus elongatus were abundant and Among the least abundant species were important predators. Clerodendrum inerme Hystorichonychus sp. nr gracilipes on Piper harboured the maximum number of 4 species. nigrum, Eutetranychus maximae on Murraya Marsilea quadrifolia, Murraya koenigii, koenigii, Brevipalpus euphorbiae on Solanum Phoenix dactylifera, Mentha arvensis and xanthocarpum and Brevipalpus obovatus on Paederia foetida had 2 species each while the Clerodendrum inerme under phytophagus remaining species harboured 1 species each. group and Amblyseius sakalava on Carica In addition, it also reports 2 species, i.e. papaya, Euseius sacchari on Asparagus Orthotydeus caudatus and Amblyseius racemosus, Agistemus sp. nr edulis on Melia sakalava, the occurrence of which were earlier azidarach, Agistemus industani on Emblica unknown from India. Further, Raoiella officinalis and Orthotydeus caudatus on pandanae on palm was earlier not reported Clerodendrum inerme under predatory group. from West Bengal. The collection data, Both the fungal feeding species were least distribution, importance, if any, and keys to abundant. the different taxonomic categories have also Among the 27 species of medicinal plants been given. examined in present study, Clerodendrum Acknowledgements inerme, which had the maximum number(4) of The authors are thankful to the National mite species followed by Phoenix dactylifera, Medicinal Plants Board, New Delhi, for Paederia foetida, Marsilea financing the project under which this work quadrifolia,Murraya koenigii and Mentha was done and to Swami Sarvalokananda, 88

Vol. 21 (3), September, 2019 BIONOTES Secretary and Swami Vasavananda, Assistant records of hosts/habitats along with their Secretary, Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama economic importance. Global Journal for Narendrapur, for providing infrastructure Research Analysis. 4(10): 257-260. facilities and constant encouragements. Gupta, S.K & P. Mandal. 2015. A monograph References on Indian Tenuipalpidae (Acari:Prostigmata) Chant, D.A. & J.A. McMurtry. 2007. with their economic importance and keys to Illustrated keys and diagnoses for the genera genera and species. Mem. Zool. Surv. India. and subgenera of the Phytoseiidae of the 22(2): 1-127. world (Acari:Mesostigmata). Indira Pub. House. Michigan, U.S.A: 1-220. Gupta, S.K., A. Mukherjee, I. Roy & G.K. Saha. 2005. Insects and mites injurious to Denmark, H.A. & M.H. Muma. 1989. A medicinal in India and their suggested revision of the genus Amblyseius Berlese 1914 management. In: Medicinal Plants Research (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Occ. Pap. Fla. Coll. and Utilization an overview (pp.245-251) . 4: 1-149. R.K. Mission, Narendrapur (Eds. Gupta, S.K Ghoshal, S., S.K. Gupta and A. Choudhury. & Mitra, B.R). pp. 1-275. 2003. Diversity of phytophagous and Lahiri, S., S. Poddar, G.K. Saha, S.K. Gupta. predatory mites on mangrove and agri- 2004. Diversity of phytophagous and horticultural crops in Sundarban Biosphere predatory mites occurring on medicinal plants Reserve, West Bengal, Rec. Zool. Surv. India, in Kolkata. Proc. Zool. Soc. Calcutta.57: 47- 101(3-4): 61-68. 52. Gupta, S.K. 2005. Insects and mites infesting Mondal, S. and S.K. Gupta. 2016. Some Medicinal plants in India. Ramakrishna Records of mites on medicinal plants from Mission Narendrapur, pp. 214. South Bengal with their economic Gupta, S.K. 2012. Handbook. Injurious and importance. 8(2): 108-111. beneficial mites infesting agri-horticultural Prasad, V.1974. A catalogue of mites of India. cropsin India and their management. Nature Indira Acarology Publishing House, Books India, New Delhi, 362 pp. Ludhiana, 320 pp. Gupta, S.K., H. Biswas & I. Sammadar. 2017. Ray, I. & G.K. Saha. 2010. Two new species Life cycle of Oligonychus iseilemae of predatory mites (Acari: Bdellidae, (Acari:Tetranychidae), a new pest of Phytoseiidae) collected from medicinal plants Avicennia germinans,a mangrove plant of in West Bengal, India. J. Asia Pacific Ent.13: Sundarban under laboratory conditions. Ann. 126. Entomol. 35(2): 85-89. Ray, I., S.K. Gupta, & G.K. Saha. 2006. A Gupta, S.K., Ghosal, S.K. and A. Choudhury. new species and new record of phytoseiid 2003. Phytophagous and predatory mite fauna mites infesting medicinal plants. Proc. Zool. of Sundarban Biosphere Reserve. I. Some Soc. Calcutta. 61: 1-4. phytophagous mites occurring on Mangrove vegetation and agri-horticultural crops. Rec. Samaddar, I., H. Biswas, & S.K. Gupta. 2017. Zool. Surv. India. 101(3-4): 69-79. On the phytophagus and predatory mites on some medicinal plants occurring in Gupta, S.K., J. Mondal & B. Chakraborty. area of West Bengal. 2015. Diversity of some mites occurring on Bionotes.19(4):142-144. medicinalPlants in South Bengal with new

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