Neolithic Problem': the Development and Interaction of Subsistence
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Changing Perspectives in Australian Archaeology, Part VII. Aboriginal
AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS Robertson, Gail, 2011. Changing perspectives in Australian archaeology, part VII. Aboriginal use of backed artefacts at Lapstone Creek rock-shelter, New South Wales: an integrated residue and use-wear analysis. Technical Reports of the Australian Museum, Online 23(7): 83–101. doi:10.3853/j.1835-4211.23.2011.1572 ISSN 1835-4211 (online) Published online by the Australian Museum, Sydney nature culture discover Australian Museum science is freely accessible online at http://publications.australianmuseum.net.au 6 College Street, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia Changing Perspectives in Australian Archaeology edited by Jim Specht and Robin Torrence photo by carl bento · 2009 Papers in Honour of Val Attenbrow Technical Reports of the Australian Museum, Online 23 (2011) ISSN 1835-4211 Changing Perspectives in Australian Archaeology edited by Jim Specht and Robin Torrence Specht & Torrence Preface ........................................................................ 1 I White Regional archaeology in Australia ............................... 3 II Sullivan, Hughes & Barham Abydos Plains—equivocal archaeology ........................ 7 III Irish Hidden in plain view ................................................ 31 IV Douglass & Holdaway Quantifying cortex proportions ................................ 45 V Frankel & Stern Stone artefact production and use ............................. 59 VI Hiscock Point production at Jimede 2 .................................... 73 VII Robertson Backed artefacts Lapstone -
Chapter 2 Statistical Context
2 Statistical context CONTENTS Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander data in the Statistical context chapter 2.2 Population 2.2 Population, by ethnicity and proficiency in English 2.3 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population profile 2.3 Income 2.4 Educational attainment 2.5 Statistical concepts used in the Report — reliability of estimates 2.5 Statistical concepts used in the Report — age standardisation of data 2.7 List of attachment tables 2.13 References 2.15 Attachment tables Attachment tables are identified in references throughout this Indigenous Compendium by an ‘A’ prefix (for example, in this chapter, table 2A.1). As the data are directly sourced from the 2015 Report, the Compendium also notes where the original table, figure or text in the 2015 Report can be found. For example, where the Compendium refers to ‘2015 Report, p. 2.1’ this is page 1 of chapter 2 of the 2015 Report, and ‘2015 Report, table 2A.1’ is attachment table 1 of attachment 2A of the 2015 Report. A list of attachment tables referred to in the Compendium is provided at the end of this chapter, and the full attachment tables are available from the Review website at www.pc.gov.au/research/recurring/report-on-government-services. The Statistical context chapter (chapter 2) in the Report on Government Services 2015 (2015 Report) contains contextual information to assist the interpretation of the performance indicators presented in this Report. Data are presented for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people for some items — those data are compiled and presented here. The Statistical context chapter also contains a discussion of the statistical concept of age standardisation and its application to prisoner population rates, and to death rates, for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous people. -
The Promise of Regional Governance for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities1
Ngiya: Talk the Law – Volume 1 THE PROMISE OF REGIONAL GOVERNANCE FOR ABORIGINAL AND TORRES STRAIT ISLANDER COMMUNITIES1 ALEX REILLY∗, LARISSA BEHRENDT∗∗, RUTH McCAUSLAND∗∗∗ and MARK McMILLAN∗∗∗∗ The national interest requires a new relationship with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. There can be no relationship without partnership. There can be no partnership without participation.2 From the time the Whitlam Government introduced ‘self-determination’ as its policy framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, there have been many legislative versions of what this means in practice. This debate about how Indigenous people’s interests and needs can be best represented in legislation has re-emerged after the Federal Government’s announcement of the abolition of ATSIC and its Regional Councils.3 Both Indigenous peoples and governments continue to struggle with the question of representation in the context of policy formulation, funding arrangements, accountability, regulation, service delivery and Indigenous peoples’ human rights. Regional governance for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is often proposed as a means of addressing disadvantage and disempowerment, and as better reflecting the priorities and aspirations of Indigenous communities than national or state-based structures. In the wake of the abolition of ATSIC, both the Federal Government and Opposition indicated their support for working with 1 This paper is part of an Australian Research Council funded project on Regional Governance and Indigenous communities that Jumbunna Indigenous House of Learning, University of Technology Sydney and the Gilbert + Tobin Centre of Public Law, University of New South Wales, has undertaken in partnership with Reconciliation Australia. ∗ Alex Reilly is Senior Lecturer, Macquarie University. -
Problems with Radiometric "Time": Dating the Initial Human Colonization of Sahul
PROBLEMS WITH RADIOMETRIC "TIME": DATING THE INITIAL HUMAN COLONIZATION OF SAHUL R. ESMEE WEBS Yamaji Language Centre, P.O. Box 433, Geraldton, WA 6531 Australia 14C ABSTRACT. Until recently, the only chronometric technique applied to Sahulian archaeological sites was dating; the ages obtained rarely exceeded 40,000 BP. Belief that the region was first colonized around that time has recently been shaken by luminescence dates from several archaeological sites in northern Australia that suggest people arrived between 60,000 and 55,000 BP. The ensuing debate over their validity revealed that some participants misunderstood luminescence dating and the temporal limitations of 14C dating, illustrated here through a discussion of the tempo and mode of Sahulian colonization. Radi- ometric techniques cannot distinguish between the models proposed because they are unable to resolve temporal issues that occur within their limits of error. INTRODUCTION Sahul, the enlarged landmass shown in Figure 1, comprises New Guinea, Australia and Tasmania (White and O'Connell 1982). It existed during periods of eustatically lowered sea level. Island southeast Asia also formed an enlarged landmass during glacials, called Sundaland. Sahul has always been isolated from Sundaland by water barriers that form a major biogeographic divide, sep- arating Sahulian marsupial faunas from Asian placental faunas (Wallace 1860). Even during glacial maxima, movement between Sundaland and Sahul by non-volant terrestrial animals entailed the successful passage of extensive stretches of open water. The only genera known to have crossed this barrier unaided are rodents, notoriously opportunistic colonists, and humans. Determining when people first reached Sahul is important because it helps to establish when humans first displayed "modern" behavior (Davidson and Noble 1992). -
Australian Natural History T H E AWARD WINNING ��V /�'1�
Australian Natural History T H E AWARD WINNING ��V /�'1� V) � 4 W I L D L I F E '·· ; � • S E R I E s Experienceall the danger, excitementand adventureof life in the wild! • Rare and archival footage • First class narrators, including Peter Ustinov, Orson Welles, David Niven and Henry Fonda. • Endangered species • Superb photography • A living library of natural history to delight all ages! Also available in this series: • Sharks • Gorilla • Tiger • Cameraman • Orangutan • Safariby Balloon • Lions of Estosha • Humpbacks • Elephants • Flight of the Snowgeese • The Parenthood Game • Come into my Parlour • World of the Beaver • The Leopard that changed its spots • Subtle as a Serpent • Eagle Come Home • Killer Whale • The Winged Messenger • The World you never see • The Waterhole Available from all leading retailers and video stores VIDEO SELECTION SURVIVAL ANGLIA A U I T Ill A l I A Ltfflllf'd E D I T O ll I A L ANHAustralian Natural History GARBAGE:A Spring 1990 Volume 23 Number6 GROWING CONCERN Published by The Australian Museum Trust BY FIONA DOIG 6-8 College Street, EDITOR Sydney, NSW 2000 Phone: (02) 339 8111 Trust President: Robyn Williams NEVER REALISED HOW MUCH RUBBISH sound rubbish when these are full? And Museum Director: Desmond Griffin Australians accumulate until I visited existing sites in Sydney have an esti EDITOR East Africa. Things like takeaway food mated life expectancy until only 1997. I Fiona Doig packagingI and plastic bags are rare luxu can imagine the outcries from residents SCIENTlFIC EDITOR ries. Old tyres are custom-made into that don't want the new garbage sites in Georgina Hickey, B.Sc. -
Raising Awareness of Australian Aboriginal Peoples Reality: Embedding Aboriginal Knowledge in Social Work Education Through the Use of Field Experiences
The International Education Journal: Comparative Perspectives, 2013, 12(1), 197–212 iSSN 1443-1475 © 2013 www.iejcomparative.org Raising awareness of Australian Aboriginal peoples reality: Embedding Aboriginal knowledge in social work education through the use of field experiences Deb Duthie Queensland University of Technology, Australia Julie King Queensland University of Technology, Australia Jenni Mays Queensland University of Technology, Australia Effective social work practice with Aboriginal peoples and communities requires knowledge of operational communication skills and practice methods. In addition, there is also a need for practitioners to be aware of the history surrounding white engagement with Aboriginal communities and their cultures. Indeed, the Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) acknowledges the importance of social workers practising cultural safety. Engendering knowledge of cultural safety for social work students is the opportunity to listen and talk with Aboriginal people who have experienced the destructive impacts of colonisation and the subsequent disruption to family and community. This article discusses the use of field experiences within a Masters of Social Work (Qualifying) Program (MSW) as an educational method aimed at increasing student awareness of contemporary Aboriginal issues and how to practice effectively and within a culturally safe manner. KeyWords: Aboriginal Australia, social work education, cultural safety, field experiences, blended learning. Australia was colonised by Great Britain in the late 18th Century. From the outset, the impact on Aboriginal peoples was detrimental on many levels. As has been well documented, this impact has taken many forms, from semi-official extermination (Lake & Reynolds, 2008; Richards, 2008) through to social engineering policies of less 197 Raising awareness of Australian Aboriginal peoples reality obvious brutality. -
Appropriate Terminology, Indigenous Australian Peoples
General Information Folio 5: Appropriate Terminology, Indigenous Australian Peoples Information adapted from ‘Using the right words: appropriate as ‘peoples’, ‘nations’ or ‘language groups’. The nations of terminology for Indigenous Australian studies’ 1996 in Teaching Indigenous Australia were, and are, as separate as the nations the Teachers: Indigenous Australian Studies for Primary Pre-Service of Europe or Africa. Teacher Education. School of Teacher Education, University of New South Wales. The Aboriginal English words ‘blackfella’ and ‘whitefella’ are used by Indigenous Australian people all over the country — All staff and students of the University rely heavily on language some communities also use ‘yellafella’ and ‘coloured’. Although to exchange information and to communicate ideas. However, less appropriate, people should respect the acceptance and use language is also a vehicle for the expression of discrimination of these terms, and consult the local Indigenous community or and prejudice as our cultural values and attitudes are reflected Yunggorendi for further advice. in the structures and meanings of the language we use. This means that language cannot be regarded as a neutral or unproblematic medium, and can cause or reflect discrimination due to its intricate links with society and culture. This guide clarifies appropriate language use for the history, society, naming, culture and classifications of Indigenous Australian and Torres Strait Islander people/s. Indigenous Australian peoples are people of Aboriginal and Torres -
Preserving and Promoting Indigenous Australian Cultural Heritage
#thismymob: Preserving and Promoting Indigenous Australian Cultural Heritage Joel Fredericks and Christopher Lawrence Centre for Indigenous Technology Research and Development School of Software, Faculty of Engineering and IT University of Technology Sydney [joel.fredericks; christopher.lawrence]@uts.edu.au Abstract. Mobile technologies have become an integral part of daily life in con- temporary society thanks to the pervasiveness of smartphones and tablet devices. Over the past 30 years these technologies have evolved beyond their original mandate by permeating diverse social segments across the world. Many cultural heritage projects have adopted mobile technologies to catalogue and document culture and history. However, limited research has examined the potential of us- ing mobile technologies as a mechanism to preserve and promote Indigenous cul- tural heritage. This work-in-progress paper outlines three distinct areas for the design and development of mobile technologies for Indigenous cultural heritage. We outline these as: (1) Establishing the notion of ‘digital land rights’ which asserts the rights of Indigenous people to a safe online space that they control; (2) Co-designing with a diverse group of Indigenous communities to build mean- ingful mobile experiences; and, (3) Documenting traditions within their unique context to preserve and promote Indigenous cultural history. Keywords: Indigenous Australia, Mobile technologies, Digital land rights 1 Introduction Social and cultural dislocation have been identified as key causes of disadvantage and vulnerability in Indigenous communities [1]. Key factors include the loss of social net- works, language barriers, racism, and the sense of not belonging. At the same time, Indigenous communities are rapidly losing their ability to transmit their languages and cultures to a new generation. -
Putting Down Roots Belonging and the Politics of Settlement on Norfolk Island
Putting Down Roots Belonging and the Politics of Settlement on Norfolk Island Mitchell Kenneth Low B.A. (Hons) University of Western Australia, 2004 This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of The University of Western Australia School of Social Sciences (Anthropology and Sociology) 2012 Abstract In this thesis I theorise emergent nativeness and the political significance of resettlement among the descendants of the mutineers of the Bounty in the Australian external territory of Norfolk Island (South Pacific). Norfolk Islanders are a group of Anglo-Polynesian descendants who trace their ancestry to unions between the mutineers of the HMAV Bounty and Tahitian women. Norfolk Islanders’ ancestors were resettled from their home of Pitcairn Island to the decommissioned, vacant, penal settlement of Norfolk Island in 1856. Since this date, members of the Norfolk community have remained at odds with state officials from Britain and Australia over the exact nature of their occupancy of Norfolk Island. This fundamental contestation over the Island’s past is the basis of ongoing struggles over recognition, Island autonomy and territoriality, and belonging. Using a combination of qualitative research conducted on Norfolk Island and extensive historical and archival research, I present an ethnography of belonging among a highly emplaced island population. One of the central problems in conceptualising Norfolk Islanders’ assertions of belonging is that Norfolk Islanders not only claim Norfolk as a homeland, but members of this community have at times declared themselves the indigenous people of the Island. With respect to recent anthropological theorisations of indigeneity as relationally and historically constituted, I consider the extent to which concepts such as ‘native’ and ‘indigenous’ may be applicable to descendants of historical migrants. -
Australia and the Pacific
AUSTRALIA AND THE PACIFIC: THE AMBIVALENT PLACE OF PACIFIC PEOPLES WITHIN CONTEMPORARY AUSTRALIA Scott William Mackay, BA (Hons), BSc July 2018 Submitted in total fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Australian Indigenous Studies Program School of Culture and Communication The University of Melbourne 0000-0002-5889 – Abstract – My thesis examines the places (real and symbolic) accorded to Pacific peoples within the historical production of an Australian nation and in the imaginary of Australian nationalism. It demonstrates how these places reflect and inform the ways in which Australia engages with the Pacific region, and the extent to which Australia considers itself a part of or apart from the Pacific. While acknowledging the important historical and contemporary differences between the New Zealand and Australian contexts, I deploy theoretical concepts and methods developed within the established field of New Zealand- centred Pacific Studies to identify and analyse what is occurring in the much less studied Australian-Pacific context. In contrast to official Australian discourse, the experiences of Pacific people in Australia are differentiated from those of other migrant communities because of: first, Australia’s colonial and neo-colonial histories of control over Pacific land and people; and second, Pacific peoples' important and unique kinships with Aboriginal Australians. Crucially the thesis emphasises the significant diversity (both cultural and national) of the Pacific experience in Australia. My argument is advanced first by a historicisation of Australia’s formal engagements with Pacific people, detailing intersecting narratives of their migration to Australia and Australia’s colonial and neo- colonial engagements within the Pacific region. -
How Did Indigenous Australians Contribute to the Defence Of
How did Indigenous Australians help in the Defence of Australia in World War 2? WHAT DOES THIS TELL US ABOUT CITIZENSHIP? We do not know much about Indigenous service in the Australian armed forces. However, we are now starting to discover more as interest in Australia’s Indigenous history grows. In this unit we have gathered together information and evidence about Indigenous Australians’ service in World War 2, and in particular their involvement in the northern Defence of Australia. By looking at this information and evidence you will be able to explore the two great themes we have been presenting in the Defence 2020 program this year: Citizenship, and Plaque at Rocky Creek, Role Models. Atherton Tablelands, Queensland Your task Indigenous involvement in the Defence of Australia in World War 2 Your task is to look at the sources presented on the next pages, and to use them to answer Who was involved? the sorts of key questions that are part of any What did they do? historical inquiry. You can use a table like this: When did they do it? Conclusion Where did they do it? When you have completed your summary table Why did they do it? from all the sources decide on your answers to these questions: What were the impacts of the involvement? Did Indigenous Australians show good What were the consequences of the involvement? citizenship during the war? Did Indigenous people provide good role models that we could follow today? Further Reading Did non-Indigenous Australians show good citizenship towards Indigenous Australians? Ball, Desmond. Aborigines in the defence of Australia. -
Astronomical Symbolism in Australian Aboriginal Rock Art
Rock Art Research 2011 - Voillme 28, Number 1, pp. 99-106. R. P. NORRIS and D. W. HAMACHER 99 KEYWORDS: Aboriginal - Rock art - Archaeoastronomy - Ethnoastronomy - Australia ASTRONOMICAL SYMBOLISM IN AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL ROCK ART Ray P. Norris and Duane W. Hamacher Abstract. Traditional Aboriginal Australian cultures include a significant astronomical component, perpetuated through oral tradition and ceremony. This knowledge has practical navigational and calendrical functions, and in some cases extends to a deep understanding of the motion of objects in the sky. Here we explore whether this astronomical tradition is reflected in the rock art of Aboriginal Australians. We find several plaUSible examples of depictions of astronomical figures and symbols, and also evidence that astronomical observations were used to set out stone arrangements. With these exceptions, astronomical themes do not seem to appear as often in rock art as in oral tradition, although it is possible that we are failing to recognise astronomical elements in rock art. Future research will attempt to address this. Introduction about these constellations. This may indicate either The dark night skies of Australia are an important cultural convergent evolution, reflecting the subjective part of the landscape, and would have been very obvious masculine and feminine appearance of Orion and the to Aboriginal people living a traditional lifestyle. So it Pleiades respectively, or else suggest a much earlier is unsurprising to find that stories of the Sun, Moon, story common to both cultural roots. planets and constellations occupy a significant place in In addition to these narratives, the skies had the oral traditions of Aboriginal Australians. This was practical applications for navigation and time keeping first described by Stanbridge (1857), and since noted (e.g.