DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PHYSICS SUBJECT GATEWAY AT BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER DEGREE IN LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
Submitted by S.SURESHKUMAR
(Reg. No: 10MLS12)
Research Supervisor
Dr. R.BALASUBRAMANI Assistant professor
DEPARTMENT OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE
BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY
TIRUCHIRAPALLI – 620024
TAMILNADU April - 2012
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Project entitled “Design and Development of a
Physics Subject Gateway at Bharathidasan University Library” submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Master Degree in Library and
Information Science, Bharathidasan University, is a record of Bonafide research work carried out by S.Suresh Kumar (Reg. No: 10MLS12) under my supervision and guidance and that no part of this work has been submitted for the award of any other degree, diploma, fellowship or similar titles or prizes and that the work has not been published in part or full in any scientific or Popular journal or magazine.
DR.S.SRINIVASARAGAVAN Dr. R.BALASUBRAMANI Librarian & Head Assistant professor Dept. of Library and Inf. Science Dept.of Library and Information Science Bharathidasan University Bharathidasan University Tiruchirappalli – 620024. Tiruchirappalli – 620024. DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project entitled “Design and development of a physics subject gateway at Bharathidasan University Library” Which is being submitted in partial fulfillment of the course requirements leading to the award of
Master degree in Library and Information Science, is the result of the work carried out by me under the guidance and supervision of Dr. R.Balasubramani, Assistant professor, Dept. of Library and Information Science, Bharathidasan University.
I further declare that this project has not been previously prepared and submitted to any other institution/university for any degree/diploma by me or any other person.
Place: Tiruchirappalli.
Date: (S.SURESH KUMAR) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank Dr. S. Srinivasa Ragavan, Librarian & Head, Department of Li- brary & Information Science, Bharathidasan University, Trichy.
I am very glad to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. R.Balasubramani Assistant professor, Department of Library & Information Science, Bharathidasan University Library, for his guidance and encouragement throughout my project and for his great support to complete my project in a successful way.
I am very much thankful to Assistant Professor Mr. M. Surlinathi, and Mr. C.
Ranganathan, Mr. B. Jeyaprakash, Dr. N. Amsaveni, Technical Officer Mr. B.
Neelakandan, Mrs. C. Kokila, Mrs. P. Jayanthi and other Library staffs.
And finally, I thank my Parents, and my Friends for their great support and help to complete the project successfully.
Place: Tiruchirappalli
Date: (S.SURESHKUMAR)
CONTENTS
S.NO Name of the Chapter Page NO 1. Introduction 01
2. Review of Literature 12
3. Research Design 29
4. Design and Development of a Physics 34
Subject Gateway at Bharathidasan University 5. Conclusion 51
6. Bibliography 53
CHAPTER-I INTRODUCTION
Providing the right information to the right user at the right time is a major challenge for libraries. In recent years, digital resources are growing and developing very fast creating challenges in information searching, service provision and resource discovery. Today’s user cannot efficiently find information they need from resources on various platforms and from different vendors. They do not know how to access full-text articles from various online databases. They complain that they often feel lost among disparate resource lists and guides.
Universities and other research organizations are providing significant financial support to libraries.
A large proportion of this is going into the subscription of thousands of online resources each year, such as online databases, e-journals and e-books, but their usage is relatively low.
Users do understand the reliability and quality of library resources and prefer to use them only if they can find them. However, the complexity of information structures and the poor design of many library web sites make it difficult for users to discover this wealth of resources. Most university students say that they use the internet for information searching more than the library, yet university teachers notice that the students’ work has deteriorated in quality with the use of the web and librarians note that the students unknowingly bypass important sources available to them through academic libraries.
“The web is quickly becoming the world’s fastest growing repository of data” (Tim
Berners-Lee, W3C director and creator of the WWW) Information technology has made many advances over the years, with the most rapid ones coming recently. From Gothenburg’s printing press to e-publishing. One might think that technology is making it easier for us to organize and store information, has made access and retrieval easier; however, it is not a straightforward case. Advancing technology has created a whole new problem – information boom. Technological advances have made it easier and faster to analyze, collect, abstract, index, search, and use data and information. But the information may be scattered, not only in several different databases, but also on completely different systems, some, of which users may not be able to access. If information professionals find it difficult, then for users it is nearly impossible. So to arrest this titanic problem, the concept of “Subject Gateways” has emerged in the early 1990s.
It has become an important way for researchers in universities to obtain resources from
Internet. Search engines such as Google are often the choice to obtain particular network information. However, due to lack of evaluation on qualities and standards of Descriptions, sometimes it is very difficult to get valuable information of a search engine. Therefore, researchers urgently need a new model to organize and explore online academic information.
Under this particular situation, starting from the mid 90’s of 20th century, Hundreds of subject information gateway with valuable online academic resources to users were built up worldwide, providing valuable online academic resource to users. It helps the users to obtain valuable information more quickly and accurately. Currently, the very important issue we face is to objectively evaluate and compare the subject information gateway in order to improve system functions and serve users in a better way.
Subject gateways do not exist in isolation. For the user they form part of the wider experience of resource discovery. On the one hand, the searcher whether child or professor is faced with the compelling option of using the global services, such as Yahoo, Altavista, and
Google, as a first step. The Undifferentiated experience offered by such services can be compared with the specialist view offered by information gateways. Gateways offer the user an alternative to the generalist approach of the commercial global search engines, but in order to optimize the gateway service we need to gain a better understanding of users’ requirements for particular types of search during the research and learning process. It would be instructive to compare information seeking behaviour and success rates for a variety of uses of global search engine as compared to gateways. Likewise one could analyse the differences in users’ search strategies within the context of the traditional library, hybrid library and subject gateway. It may be helpful to liken the subject gateway approach to the traditional
“departmental library’’ as the user’s first port of call, a place where the user feels comfortable in a known environment and is able to gain skills to navigate a limited area of information. It would be interesting to see how far we could draw parallels between the requirements of users of subject gateways and the users of ``subject based’’ libraries. The users of both services benefit from an understanding of the boundaries and content of the information space they are accessing. It is important to connect user behaviour regarding Internet resource discovery with wider issues relating to the use of information in the learning and research processes. What does the user want from the research experience? Understanding users’ behaviour in relation to gateways will enable gateway managers to position themselves within the mesh of existing gateways and meet the needs of their target audiences.
Why Gateways?
Innovative ways of providing information and services such as electronic resources, course specific, and library help pages and document delivery. Complex library searches due to the cross functions and links between the online catalog, journal aggregator databases, electronic resources etc.. The need to identify and present high quality free information resources on the web and distinguish those from library licensed material. ? The increasing expectations of users for interfaces to lead directly, without undue hunting, to the information or service they need. ? Many library web sites get congested with ample content, general objectives and duplication of services. It is no longer simple and clears how to do research or projects with a tool that provides gateways for getting information. There are number of steps that a library researcher must perform to successfully get information. Thus Gateways are needed to improve the effectiveness of Internet searching and will serve as a source of information in specific areas and saves the time of the users.
What are Gateways?
Moffat describes the establishment of the gateways as “a process if identification, filtering description, classification and indexing before they are added to databases which is freely available via World Wide Web (WWW). ? an online service that provides links to numerous other sites or documents on the Internet ? selection of resources in an intellectual process according to published quality and scope criteria (this excludes e.g. selection according to automatically measured popularity) ? Intellectually produced content descriptions, in the spectrum between short annotation and review (this excludes automatically extracted so-called summaries). A good but not necessary criterion is the existence of intellectually assigned keywords or controlled terms. ? intellectually constructed browsing structure/classification (this excludes completely unstructured lists of links? at least partly, manually generated (bibliographic) metadata for the individual resources So we can say the internet search tools to help people find resources on the internet, eg: electronic journals, software, data sets, e-books, mailing lists or discussion groups, articles or papers or reports, bibliographies, bibliographical databases, organizational home pages, educational materials, news, resource guides and more. Gateways offer linked collection of internet resources via a database of resource description. This can be? Browsed - according to broad classification?
Searched - through index? Quality controlled - due to selection Subject Gateways. What are Subject Gateways?
Subject Gateway is an organized collection of resources on a given subject along with a retrieval mechanism. This essentially means that the scope of the search domain is well defined and limited to a subset of what exists in general. In the simplest form, the resources may be made available as a structured hyper-linked directory as followed by some of the search engines sites that offer directory services. The structuring followed is mostly only by broad subject areas. But for arranging topics under research areas where the intension of the subject areas is narrow and specific, broad directory structuring would not serve the purpose.
Representation of subjects to that extent involves deploying various skills in the area of secondary information work such as document description, classification and derivation of subject headings Subject Gateways is allowing links amongst electronic resources stored on services dispersed geographically on distant locations. The gateways sites redirect a user to the holders of the original digital material. A subject gateway can be defined as facilities that allow easier access to web-based resources in a defined subject area. The simplest types of subject gateways are sets of web pages containing list of links to resources. Some gateways index their lists of links and provide a simple search facility. More advanced gateways offer a much enhanced service via a system consisting of a resource database and various indexes, which can e searched and / or browse throughout a web based interface.
Subject gateways are also known as:
- Subject -based information gateways (SBIGs)
- Subject based gateways
- Subject index gateways - Virtual libraries
- Clearinghouse
- Subject trees
- Pathfinders
- Quality: controlled subject gateways etc.
Subject Gateways Definition:
According to Dempsey L and other that “Subject gateways are internet services which supports systematic resource discovery. They provide links to resources (documents, objects, sites or services) predominantly accessible via the internet. The service is base on resource description. Browsing access to the resource via subject structure is an important feature.”
Subject Gateways are characterized by key factors:
They are selective, pointing only to internet resources that meet with quality selection criteria. They are built by subject and information specialists - often librarians. Generally limit to specific subjects Scope-policy declaring what subjects they are indexing. Defined target group e.g. academics, researchers, etc.
Quality criteria - there is an official set of quality criteria
Classification system - used as underlying system for browsing possibilities
Use of open standards - to support co-operation with other services e.g. cross-searching
Manually created records - rich resource description containing relevant information Why Libraries should go for Subject Gateways?
Libraries are the most suitable institution to undertaken this work due to the following reasons:
The natural metaphor
Browsing, reference desk
Expertise in relevant area
Classification, acquisition, keyword
Information, seeking behavior
Guiding & helping users
Benefits of Gateways for Libraries and Users
Leading the way into the information age
Communicating with non-nerds
Access to huge-high quality collection
Integrate into existing structures on the internet
Diverse resource brought together
Research, learning, leisure, enrichment - all brought together
Key Initiatives for building tools and standards in Subject Gateways:
ROADS (Resource Organisation and Discovery in subject-based Services) It is being funded by the JISC (Joint Information System Committee) through e-lib programme. It is an open source set of software toolkit, which enable the set up and maintenance of web-based subject gateways. A ROAD based information gateways is based on a database that contains information about internet resources. The records in the database contain information such as description and keywords.
The user is given access to this information while either browsing or searching the database. This is particularly important fir geographically distant resources that might require some time and effort to access. The software includes the database technology, required to set up a gateways. For downloading the free online software visit its site URL: http://www.ilrt.bris.ac.uk/road
Subject or Portal Gateways
Subject gateways or portal variably called subject-based information gateways (SBIGs), subject-based gateways, subject index gateways, virtual libraries, clearing houses, subject trees, pathfinders, guide to Internet resources, and a few more variations thereof, provides an organized and structured guide to Internet-based electronic information resources that are carefully selected after a predefined process of evaluation and filtration in a given subject area or specialty. Subject gateways redirect a user to the holders of the original digital material. The subject gateways restrict their operation to providing linkages to independent third party sources.
Some of the important subject gateways are as follows:
LibrarySpot.com: (http://www.libraryspot.com/)
Librarians’ Index to the Internet (LII) (http://lii.org/)
Argus Clearing House (http://www.clearinghouse.net/)
Galaxy (http://galaxy.einet.net/) Direct Search (http://gwis2.circ.gwu.edu/~gprice/direct.htm)
Vlib: The Virtual Library (http://www.vlib.org/)
Academic Info (http://www.academicinfo.com/)
BUBL (http://bubl.ac.uk/)
BIOME (http://biome.ac.uk/)
The Scout Report (http://scout.cs.wisc.edu/report/sr/current/)
LivingInternet.com (http://www.livinginternet.com/)
Edinburgh Engineering Virtual Library (EEVL) (http://www.eevl.ac.uk)
Social Science Information Gateway (SOSIG) (http://sosig.ac.uk/)
Digital Librarian (http://www.digital-librarian.com/)
QUEST.net (http://www.re-quest.net/)
Internet Public Library (http://www.ipl.org/)
BioMedNet (http://www.bmn.com/) CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Ndlovu, M. C. (2011) has explained purpose in this paper is to situate a university-school mathematics and science education partnership within a social justice perspective in education.
The focus of the systemic intervention Endeavour was school-based teacher professional development in which university-based facilitators embarked on class visits with the aim of identifying teacher needs, co-teaching and offering professional support over a three-year period. This was in contrast to evaluation (inspection visits) often undertaken by the subject advisors under the auspices of the Department of Education which, for historical reasons, tend to be viewed with suspicion by teachers and teacher unions. Five historically disadvantaged secondary schools and their 10 feeder primary schools were involved in this study with a view to providing equal opportunities to learners from marginalized communities in the Cape
Winelands district of the Western Cape. Initial results suggest that an intervention programme that is responsive to local needs can go a long way in bringing about collaborative teacher professional development that leads to reflective practice in professional learning communities and can add value to the quality of student achievement in the gateway subjects of mathematics and science.
Moore, R. L., Hart, D. L., Pfeiffer, W., Tatineni, M., Yoshimoto, K., & Young, W. S.
(2011). Have explained Trestles is a new 100TF HPC resource at SDSC designed to enhance scientific productivity for modest-scale and gateway users within the TeraGrid. This paper discusses the Trestles hardware and user environment, as well as the rationale for targeting this user base and the planned operational policies and procedures to optimize scientific productivity, including a focus on turnaround time in addition to the traditional system utilization. A surprisingly large fraction of TeraGrid users run modest-scale jobs (e.g. <1K cores), and an increasing fraction of TeraGrid users access HPC resources via gateways; while these users represent a large percentage of the user base, they consume a smaller fraction of the TeraGrid resources. Thus, while Trestles is not the largest HPC resource in TeraGrid, it will be able to support this large class of TeraGrid users in an environment designed to enhance their productivity. This targeted usage model also frees up other TeraGrid systems for users/jobs that require large-scale, SMP or other specific resource features. One of the key differentiators for Trestles is that it will be allocated and scheduled to optimize queue wait times and expansion factors, as well as the traditional system utilization metric. In addition, the node design, with 32 cores and 64GB DRAM, will accommodate many jobs without inter- node communications, while the 120GB local flash memory will speed up many applications.
A robust set of application software, including Gaussian, BLAST, Abaqus, GAMESS, Amber and NAMD, is installed on the system. Standard job limits are 32 nodes (1K cores) and 48 hours runtime, but exceptions can be made, particularly for long jobs up to 2 weeks. Standing system reservations ensure that some nodes are always set aside for shorter, smaller jobs, and user-settable reservations are available to ensure users predictable access to the system. Nodes can be accessed in exclusive or shared mode. Finally, Trestles is the only TeraGrid resource with automatic on-demand access; a limited number of nodes is configured for jobs to "run at risk" (with a discount in the usage rate charged) and be subject to being pre-emptively killed by on-demand jobs (which carry a premium in the usage rate). The allocation, scheduling and software environments will be adjusted and tuned over time as usage patterns emerge and users provide feedback to further enhance their productivity.
Wang, L. (2011) has explained the purpose of this article is to draw the attention of all sectors of the society to subject information gateway construction and guide the experts in computer science and library and information science to attach importance to utilization and exploitation of key information techniques of subject information gateway service. The
Internet survey and literature investigation are research methods of this article. The conclusion shows that people don't concern about utilization of subject information gateway because of the lack of in-depth exploitation. This paper expounds 4 key techniques of subject gateway service: information organization technology, meta-searching technique,
XML technique and computer security technique.
Smith, E. (2011) has describes patterns of participation and attainment in A-level physics, chemistry and biology from 1961 to 2009. The A level has long been seen as an important gateway qualification for higher level study, particularly in the sciences. This long- term overview examines how recruitment to these three subjects has changed in the context of numerous policies and initiatives that seek to retain more young people in the sciences. The results show that recruitment to the pure sciences has stagnated, general trends have hardly varied and the track record of government policy in influencing change is not strong. There is no evidence for increasing achievement gaps between the sexes at A level and even national policy requiring that all young people study science up to the age of 16 appears to have had little impact on recruitment at this level.
Kurtz, R. S. (2010). Has explained the mid-1960s through 1980, major policy changes were adopted as a result of federal and state public lands protection statutes. This article analyzes the impact these policy changes have had upon the economies of gateway communities, a subject of limited discussion in the scholarly literature. One conclusion is that gateway community economies have become less dependent on resources extraction. This analysis finds that several factors--beyond policy change--have influenced the shift away from resources extraction. Likewise, there is the question over what economic mainstays have stepped in to fill the resources extraction void? For many gateway communities, it appears that the answer has been recreational tourism. The implications of this economic shift within gateway communities are explored.
G. R., Rajashekara (2010) has explained the major task involved in the operations of subject gateways is providing access to the quality information on the Internet. Subject experts and information specialists must be employed in developing the subject gateways, since- locating the relevant and most appropriate information resources over the WWW is not at all an easy job. This paper discusses brief background of-subject gateways and development of BT-Gate.
In further, it focuses on online electronic resources like e-books, e-journals, databases and glossaries available in the filed of biotechnology covered in BT-Gate and their subject-wise distribution. These electronic. Resources are compiled and linked in URL.
Jin, Z. -., Schurgers, C., & Gupta, R. K. (2009) have explained Wireless sensor nodes are increasingly being tasked with computation and communication intensive functions while still subject to constraints related to energy availability. On these embedded platforms, once all low power design techniques have been explored, duty-cycling the various subsystems remains the primary option to meet the energy and power constraints. This requires the ability to provide spurts of high MIPS and high bandwidth connections. However, due to the large overheads associated with duty-cycling the computation and communication subsystems, existing high performance sensor platforms are not efficient in supporting such an option. In this article, we present the design and optimizations taken in a wireless gateway node (WGN) that bridges data from wireless sensor networks to Wi-Fi networks in an on-demand basis. We discuss our strategies to reduce duty-cycling related costs by partitioning the system and by reducing the amount of time required to activate or deactivate the high-powered components.
We compare the design choices and performance parameters with those made in the Intel
Stargate platform to show the effectiveness of duty-cycling on our platform. We have built a working prototype, and the experimental results with two different power management schemes show significant reductions in latency and average power consumption compared to the Stargate. The WGN running our power-gating scheme performs about six times better in terms of average system power consumption than the Stargate running the suspend-system scheme for large working-periods where the active power dominates. For short working- periods where the transition (enable/disable) power becomes dominant, we perform up to seven times better. The comparative performance of our system is even greater when the sleep power dominates.
Suzuki, K., Kimura, M., Takeda, A., & Matsushita, S. (2008) have explained the first prospective study correlating smoking and drinking among Japanese adolescents. The aim of the study is to determine if adolescent smoking experience predicts future adult alcohol abuse.
We conducted a longitudinal prospective study on adolescent drinking from 1997 to 2007. The study subjects were about 800 male and female junior high school students. Their mean age was 13.5 years old at the starting point. We conducted surveys by post on the subjects concerning drinking status, alcohol-related problems and smoking experience once a year for 10 years. This study attempted to determine if smoking experiences in 1999
(mean age, 15.8 years old) correlated with alcohol abuse in 2005 (mean age, 22 years old) among the subjects of the prospective study. The result showed that male students who had had smoking experiences in 1999 were more likely to become alcohol abusers in 2005 than those without smoking experiences according to the AUDIT. On the other hand, females with smoking experiences as teenagers showed no correlation with alcohol abuse as young adults.
Adolescent tobacco use could be called a gateway drug to adult alcohol abuse among Japanese males, but not among females.
Watkins, Gerald, Joyce, Angela (2009) have described the origins and functionality of a UK- based, government-sponsored, online subject gateway to Web sites about Russia and Eastern
Europe. The Intute project relies on subject specialists to select, evaluate, and describe the links featured on its Web site. It also includes a Virtual Training Suite, which contains subject- based online tutorials (including languages and European Studies) that students can use to help them search the Internet more effectively and to evaluate what they find. The authors offer a realistic yet hopeful assessment of the future of post-Soviet Slavic studies in the UK.
Munshi, Usha Mujoo (2009) has explained the advancement and widespread adoption of the information and communication technology has expanded the access to information. Alterna- tively, deluge of digital data, and the rate at which the repositories of information are increas- ing are not affable because one needs to trace these individually. The paper addresses these ap- prehensions and focus on interoperability of these digital repositories so that subject gateways could be generated using these repositories to facilitate one-stop shop and easy access to ga- lore of resources contained in these digital repositories, thereby enhancing access to scholarly communications
Teruya, K. (2009) has illustrated grammar as a meaning-making resource for early intermediate to advanced adult learners. It focuses on the environment of clause complexing, where different functions, such as Subject and Theme, are unified to construct a rhetorically oriented language logic. The paper suggests that learners' awareness of this logic offers a gateway into discourse by enabling them to 'think grammatically'.
Tramullas, J., Garrido, P. (2006) have explained specialized subject gateways have become an essential tool for locating and accessing digital information resources, with the added value of organization and previous evaluation catering for the needs of the varying communities us- ing these. Within the framework of a research project on the subject, a software tool has been developed that enables subject gateways to be developed and managed. Method. General guidelines for the work were established which set out the main principles for the technical as- pects of the application, on one hand, and on aspects of the treatment and management of in- formation, on the other. All this has been integrated into a prototype model for developing software tools. Analysis. The needs analysis established the conditions to be fulfilled by the application. A detailed study of the available options for the treatment of information on meta- data proved that the best option was to use the Dublin Core, and that the metadata set should be included, in turn, in RDF tags, or in tags based on XML. Results. The project has resulted in the development of two versions of an application called Potnia (versions 1 and 2), which fulfill the requirements set out in the main principles, and which have been tested by users in real application environments. Conclusion. The tagging layout found to be the best, and the one used by the writers, is based on integrating the Dublin Core metadata set within the Topic
Maps paradigm, formatted in XTM.
Slavic, A. (2006) has given a short overview of the history of use of UDC in Internet subject gateways (SGs) with an English interface, from 1993 to 2006. There were in total, nine quality controlled SGs that were functional for shorter or longer periods of time. Their typology and functionality is described. Quality SGs have evolved and the role of classification has changed accordingly from supporting subject organization on the interface and automatic categorization of resources, towards supporting a semantic linking, control and vocabulary mapping between different indexing systems in subject hubs and federated SGs. In this period, many SGs ceased to exist and little information remains available regarding their status. SGs currently using
UDC, for some part of their resource organization, do not use a UDC subject hierarchy at the interface and its role in resource indexing has become more difficult to observe. Since 2000,
UDC has become more prevalent in East European SGs, portals and hubs, which are outside the scope of this research. This paper is an attempt to provide a record on this particular appli- cation of UDC and to offer some consideration of the changes in requirements when it comes to the use of library classification in resource discovery.
Bawden, D., Robinson, L. (2002) has explained the developments in the Internet subject gateways are presented. They are tools for Internet resource discovery and are regarded as tertiary information source. It guides to information resources, pointing to primary and secondary sources and themselves pointed to by quaternary sources. The features of subject gateways are clearly expressed subject scope, defining the resources to be considered for inclusion, explicitly defined the criteria of quality and clearly defined responsibilities for their creation and maintenance.
Omeke, M. (2002) has explained the goal of the engineering subject gateway is to offer com- petent and compact information. The of the gateway are conventional information sources like literature, databases liable for costs and free, special chosen Internet resources and others. There are different features at the engineering subject gateway, ViFaTec like a collection of databases, which shall be a meta search engine in the future.
Huxley, L. (2001) has explained a collaborative project of the EU's User-friendly Information
Society programme with partners from national libraries, university research and technology centres and subject gateways Europe-wide. Its aim is to build a single service allowing users to search and browse existing Internet-accessible scientific and cultural resource collections dis- tributed across Europe. Renardus builds on the successes of subject gateway initiatives in Eu- rope and elsewhere, and is evolving a collaborative model for addressing the increasingly dif- ficult issues of sustainability and scalability facing individual gateway services. Describes the project's context, progress to date and outstanding issues. Also outlines the opportunities and benefits for future collaboration with other organizations in developing the fully operational service.
Cher, T., Neuroth, H. (2000) has provided special subject gateways to international high qual- ity Internet resources for scientific users. Internet sites are selected by subject specialists and described using an extension of qualified Dublin Core metadata. A basic evaluation is added.
These descriptions are freely available and can be searched and browsed. There are now sub- ject gateways for three subject areas: earth sciences (Geo-guide); mathematics (Math guide); and Anglo-American culture (split into History guide and Anglistik guide). Together they re- ceive about 3,300 "hard" requests per day, thus reaching over 1 million requests per year. The project SSG-FI behind these guides is open to collaboration. Institutions and private persons wishing to contribute can notify the SSG-FI team or send full data sets. Regular contributors can request registration with the project to access the database via the Internet and create and edit records.
Campbell, D. (2000) has explained the key political and strategic issues which need to be ad- dressed for the future development of the Australian subject gateways are: continued quality of content creation, integration of access to print and electronic resources, archiving and persis- tent identification, sustainability of services and service integration. These issues will be more effectively tackled internationally, and the Australian subject gateways are keen to work with international collaborators to achieve a mutually beneficial outcome.
Koch, T. (2000) has explained subject gateways" are Internet services which apply a rich set of quality measures to support systematic resource discovery. Considerable manual effort is used to secure a selection of resources which meet quality criteria and to display a rich description of these resources with standards-based metadata. Regular checking and updating ensure good collection management. A main goal is to provide a high quality of subject access through indexing resources using controlled vocabularies and by offering a deep classification structure for advanced searching and browsing. This article provides an initial empirical overview of existing services of this kind, their approaches and technologies, based on proposed working definitions and typologies of subject gateways.
Dempsey, L. (2000) has explained the history and development of the UK's Resource
Discovery Network, which brings together under a common business, technical and service framework a range of subject gateways and other services for the academic and research community. Considers its future relationship to other services, and position within the information ecology.
Fredline, S., Reis, B. (1999) have explained a joint project of the Griffith University and
Queensland University of Technology Libraries, in Queensland, Australia, is a Subject Re- source Gateway designed to help clients locate and access appropriate information resources in their subject area. It is searchable and brows able, and contains brief records describing high quality information resources.
Worsfold, E. (1998) has explained one of the greatest challenges for users in the electronic age is to learn how the Internet can be used to meet their information needs and to conceptualize how the different Internet search and retrieval tools can help them to do this.
This article aims to describe how subject gateways can help different user communities to make effective use of the Internet and to clarify some of the key differences between subject gateways and search engines. The paper will reference work that has been done by the
European Union's DESIRE Project [DESIRE Project Home Page, http://www.desire.org/] on developing guidelines and tools for the development of new subject gateways. It will highlight some of the gateways already freely available for use and will give some insight into the far- reaching developments that users can expect to see in the coming months and years.
Macleod, R., Kerr, L., Guyon, A. (1998) has explained EEVL, the Edinburgh Engineering
Virtual Library, is a gateway to engineering information on the Internet. After a brief outline of the need for such a gateway and the background to the EEVL project, this article looks at certain similarities and differences in the development of EEVL and various other subject based information gateways (SBIGs) such as ADAM, SOSIG, and OMNI, and similar services such as BUBL. EEVL's present situation and future prospects are outlined. Kirriemuir, J., Brickley, D., Welsh, S., Knight, J., Hamilton, M. (1998) have explained a subject gateway, in the context of network-based resource access, can be defined as some facility that allows easier access to network-based resources in a defined subject area. The simplest types of subject gateways are sets of Web pages containing lists of links to resources.
Some gateways index their lists of links and provide a simple search facility. More advanced gateways offer a much enhanced service via a system consisting of a resource database and various indexes, which can be searched and/or browsed through a Web-based interface. Each entry in the database contains information about a network-based resource, such as a Web page, Web site, mailing list or document. Entries are usually created by a cataloguer manually identifying a suitable resource, describing the resource using a template, and submitting the template to the database for indexing.
REFERENCE • Ndlovu, M. C. (2011). University-school partnerships for social justice in mathematics and science education: The case of the SMILES project at IMSTUS. South African Journal of Education, 31(3), 419-433
• Moore, R. L., Hart, D. L., Pfeiffer, W., Tatineni, M., Yoshimoto, K., & Young, W. S. (2011). Trestles: A high-productivity HPC system targeted to modest-scale and gateway users. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the TeraGrid 2011 Conference: Extreme Digital Discovery, TG'11,
• Wang, L. (2011). A study of key techniques of subject information gateway service
• Smith, E. (2011). Staying in the science stream: Patterns of participation in A-level sci- ence subjects in the UK. Educational Studies, 37(1), 59-71.
• Kurtz, R. S. (2010). Public lands policy and economic trends in gateway communit- ies. Review of Policy Research, 27(1), 77-88. • Rajashekara . G. R., (2010). SRELS Journal of Information Management;, Vol. 47 Is-
sue 4, p427-436
• Jin, Z. -., Schurgers, C., & Gupta, R. K. (2009). A gateway node with duty-cycled ra- dio and processing subsystems for wireless sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems, 14(1)
• Suzuki, K., Kimura, M., Takeda, A., & Matsushita, S. (2008). Is adolescent tobacco use a gateway drug to adult alcohol abuse? A Japanese longitudinal prospective study on adolescent drinking. Nihon Arukōru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi = Japanese Journal of Alcohol Studies & Drug Dependence, 43(1), 44-53.
• Bawden, D., & Robinson, L. (2002). Internet subject gateways revisited. International
Journal of Information Management, 22(2), 157-162.
• Campbell, D. (2000). Australian subject gateways: Political and strategic issues. On-
line and CDROM Review, 24(1), 73-77.
• Cher, T., & Neuroth, H. (2000). SSG-FI - special subject gateways to high quality in-
ternet resources for scientific users. Online and CDROM Review, 24(1), 64-68.
• Dempsey, L. (2000). The subject gateway: Experiences and issues based on the emer-
gence of the resource discovery network. Online and CDROM Review, 24(1), 8-23.
• Fredline, S., & Reis, B. (1999). InfoQuest: Collaborative development of a subject re-
source gateway. New Review of Information Networking, 5, 125-13
• Huxley, L. (2001). Renardus: Fostering collaboration between academic subject gate-
ways in europe. Online Information Review, 25(2), 121-127.
• Kirriemuir, J., Brickley, D., Welsh, S., Knight, J., & Hamilton, M. (1998). Cross-
searching subject gateways: The query routing and forward knowledge approach. D-Lib
Magazine, 4(1), 27-46. • Koch, T. (2000). Quality-controlled subject gateways: Definitions, typologies, empir-
ical overview. Online and CDROM Review, 24(1), 24-34.
• Macleod, R., Kerr, L., & Guyon, A. (1998). The EEVL approach to providing a sub-
ject based information gateway for engineers. Program, 32(3), 205-223.
• Munshi, Usha Mujoo (2009). DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Techno-
logy; Vol. 29 Issue 2, p7-14, 8p
• Omeke, M. (2002). The engineering subject gateway (ViFaTec). Paper presented at the
IATUL Proceedings, 57-65.
• Slavic, A. (2006). UDC in subject gateways: Experiment or opportunity? Knowledge
Organization, 33(2), 67-85.
• Teruya, K. (2009). Grammar as a gateway into discourse: A systemic functional ap-
proach to subject, theme, and logic. Linguistics and Education, 20(1), 67-79.
• Tramullas, J., & Garrido, P. (2006). Constructing web subject gateways using dublin
core, RDF and topic maps. Information Research, 11(2), 47-56.
• Watkins, Gerald, Joyce, Angela (2009). Slavic & East European Information Re-
sources, Vol. 10 Issue 2/3, p267-275, 9p, 2 Black and White Photograph
• Worsfold, E. (1998). Subject gateways: Fulfilling the DESIRE for knowledge. Com-
puter Networks, 30(16-18), 1479-1489.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH DESIGN
The word portal means a gateway that is a major starting point for users when they get connected to the World Wide Web or the one that users have a tendency to visit as an “anchor site” that hosts content from multiple web sites. In other words, a portal is a framework for a web site that brings together information from a variety of sources. It provides access to an information network and a set of services through the web.
Research design is a blue print of any research work that determine the execution and successful investigation of the chosen problem. The research design of this project is experimental and data collected from both print and web resources.
Need for a Physics Subject Gateway
In order to access information, students, researchers as well as teachers keep shuttling between e-books, e-journals, patents, theses, and so on. To give a bird’s eye view of various resources in the field of Physics, a single window service was conceptualized in the form of a
Physics portal. It aims to provide information related to Physics and its allied subjects, through a single user interface and to access a wide variety of electronic resources in the field, scholarly information sources that are available in full text on the web. Searching and filtering the sources available on the web and then judging what will prove useful to Physics students was of course a very tedious job.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY To filter and organize the scholarly open access resources on Physics.
To identify the web links of scholarly open access resources on Physics
To provide the information exhaustively on physics to satisfy the subject specific needs
of users.
To provide single entry point for multiple resources on physics.
To provide links for the leading institution and experts scattered over the net.
To reduce the difficulty of using different search engines, by using this gateway.
To make available the content information / data through network effectively to end-
users.
To provide easy access to information on the internet.
To provide value-added information;
To deliver relevant and up-to-date information through user-defined filters;
PLAN OF THE WORK
To design the subject gateway of scholarly resources in physics with a special focus to researchers in physics.
Researcher had a regular meeting with faculty and research scholars of physics depart-
ment to know the requirements of their research.
Based on their requirements, researcher has planned the subject gateway.
Researcher started collecting all the scholarly open access resources from various inter-
net sources on physics. Before adding to our subject gateway the researcher has evaluated the contents based
on the following criteria.
Coverage:
Subject : Physics subjects covered under the Science
Acceptable Sources: Academic sources are all acceptable.
Level: The Target group for included journals should be primarily research-
ers.
Content: A substantive part of the journal consists of research papers. All identified
content available in full text.
Access: All content freely available.
Quality: For a journal to be included it must exercise quality control on submitted
papers through an editor, editorial board and / or a peer-review system.
Then selected all the evaluated content for the uploading in to Webnode Free
Website.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The researcher analyzed the thrust areas of research and resources for Physics and the researchers tried to identify the subject gateway to help and develop the research on Physics. STEPS IN DEVELOPNG A SUBJECT GATEWAY Planning: The purpose, goal(s), target audience, content needed and the overall style wanted are outlined. Hosting service free or commercial is also picked up.
What to use: What colours do we want to use? How to keep the look of our site consistent? Why content is so important? What graphics should we add? How will visitors navigate our site? How can we layout our pages?
Colours: One should learn about using colour on the website, what the key to using colour is, what are browser safe colours, and what colours to use and not use.
Consistency: One should learn why website consistency is important and what roles our one colors, image styles, layout styles, navigation style, and footer play.
Content: One should learn why ones website content is considered the most important aspect building of a website.
Graphics: With a careful selection of icons, bullets, and bars one can give the site a personality all its own. One should learn how to use graphics properly on website.
Navigation: One should learn how to create a simple and effective system to navigate the website. Gateway style: Style is defined through layout, design and personalization of web pages. One should learn about the basic styles used for website design and which style is best suited according to the requirement. CHAPTER IV
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICS SUBJECT GATEWAY
The library subscribes to about 200 current periodicals. It also Opening screen of subscribes to a number of online databases and online full-text journals including approximately 8,000 online full-text journals available through UGC-INFONET Consortium and the University Grant Commission
(UGC”s) – INFONET. The library works to provide services which most effectively meet the needs of faculty, students and staff of Bharathidasan University.
Tools and Techniques for subject Gateway
This Subject Gateway is developed by using Webnode. The Webnode is a tool for the fast and easy creation of own web sites, Simple, on-line and free. We can even use own do- main.
Webnode History Since 2002, the developer company Westcom had created online applications for large customers and had developed a system they could use for making it easier to programmers to launch and create new websites. From this framework system came the idea of creating a web- site builder tool for non-technical users.
First the Czech version was launched and then the Slovak one became operational in early
June. By the end of 2008 Webnode had more than 2, 00,000 users in more than 80 countries around the world, including the United States, Spain and China. Two years later, in 2010 its user base raised to more than 2 0, 00 000 users and it had 12 language versions.
Features Webnode is a drag-and-drop online website builder with 3 different website solutions:
Personal websites, Business websites and e-commerce websites. The system can be under most common Internet browsers like Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Netscape, Google
Chrome, Safari and Opera.One remarkable feature of Webnode is the possibility of creating and editing the website from a Smartphone with connection to Internet.
Design of Physics Subject Gateway
The following Screenshot shows the beginning page which will allow the user to create a new own website. The Webnode offers site design tools, allowing users to create a site by dragging and dropping elements such as blogs, forums, photo libraries, feedback boxes, etc. without much technical difficulty. LOGIN
The following screenshot shows the login facility and creation of new website. Through this user can login and create his own website without much technical difficulty. This feature is essential feature to ensure the security of the information.
http://www.webnode.com/
Log In Page
The following screen shot shows the log in facility to create and manage the new web site. User must register before entering to the site to create the new site. To ensure the security of the web site administrator has to log in with the user name and the password of his account created at the time of creation of the site. After this step only the site will be accessible to the admin for management and editing the site.
http://www.webnode.com/sign-in/?no_renew=1&refurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webnode.com %2Fsign-in%2F MANAGE WEBSITE The following Screen shot shows the facility to manage the resources by using various inbuilt templates. These inbuilt templates are made flexible management of various resources in a systematic order. http://www.webnode.com/my-webnode-projects/
EDIT PAGE The following screen shot is the template to create the subject gateway on physics subject gateway. The templates supports various features to design the gateway on physics without the necessity of much technical skill. http://user.physicssubjectgateways.webnode.com/admin/
Physics Subject Gateway
The Physics Subject Gateway is an open access gateway that helps the user to find the best web resources like scholarly resources of e-Journals, e-books, funding agencies, jobs, news, events, multimedia on physics.
Home page
The following screen shot shows that the Physics Subject Gateway Home Page. This page contains links to the Funding Agencies, e-books, e-journals, news, jobs, events, photo gallery, and feedbacks. http://physicssubjectgateways.webnode.com// Funding Agencies The following figure shows that the list of Funding Agencies. The following provides links to Funding Agencies like CSIR, The National Institute of Oceanography etc. http://physicssubjectgateways.webnode.com/funding-agencies/
E-Journals E-journals page provides the links to the various full text accesses of scholarly journal sites and that has been categorized by various subject headings in Physics for the easy access of users. http://physicssubjectgateways.webnode.com/e-journal/
E-Books E-Books pages provide links to the various e-books open access and downloadable sites that can be search by the various categories in Physics. http://physicssubjectgateways.webnode.com/e-book/
Jobs Jobs pages provide links to the various Jobs in different places. The use of this links jobs is for companies and organizations. http://physicssubjectgateways.webnode.com/jobs/
News This page gives the various communication of selected information on current News. http://physicssubjectgateways.webnode.com/news-/
Events This page provides the links to access of current events in Physics Subject and this will access to the important events in the physics related subjects. http://physicssubjectgateways.webnode.com/events/
Multimedia This page gives the details of multimedia based audio and video links in Physics
Subject. This link is enabling the physics research scholars and faculty member to select the required Audio/video lectures to make them understand the difficult concepts in simple manner. http://physicssubjectgateways.webnode.com/multimedia/
Photo Gallery This page provides different type of photographs on various areas of physics which are great help for academicians, researchers and students of physics. http://physicssubjectgateways.webnode.com/photogallery/
Contact us The following page facilitates to provide the contact information on various agencies and scholars and stakeholders involved in the field of physics. This page integrated with mapping facility which will help to locate particular organization of research with much ease. http://physicssubjectgateways.webnode.com/contact-us/
Feedback Feedback is the basic element for the success of any project. Web node provides a page with integrated database for the feedback facility. Through this organization can collect feedback from users. The feedback mechanism will enhance the efficiency of the gateway by addressing the problems experienced by the users. http://physicssubjectgateways.webnode.com/feedback/
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION
In the age of information explosion, when everybody is talking of information overload, satisfying users’ information needs in a simple, personalized and efficient way is becoming a challenge for library and information centres. Just subscribing to online sources does not serve the purpose until and unless the users are informed about them so that such resources are fully utilized. The budget at the disposal of libraries is limited and the demand for information by the researchers is increasing, whereas the time at their disposal is limited. Hence, such portals are important as they are user friendly and provide information through a single window. It is extremely useful for researchers as they can find all the information related to their discipline at one place.
Future plans include the updating of the Physics portal on a regular basis so as to include new information to meet the demands of the users. After the success of this portal, a demand has already come from other departments of the university to provide this service in their subject area as well.
The researcher working experience to give few suggestions, here, the researcher’s made for implementation in future subject Gateways.
Modern and innovative ways of providing information and services such as electronic
resources, course specific, and document delivery.
Subject Gateway is a structured compilation of resources of specific subject with a
browsing mechanism.
Complex library searches due to the cross functions and links between the online cata-
logue, journal aggregator databases, electronic resources etc.
A subject gateway can be also considered as services which provide access to web-
based resources of specific subject area in easier manner.
Simple Subject Gateways contains reference to the internet resources and index that ref-
erences list and give simpler search interface.
A complex gateway gives a much improved facility via a system consisting of a re-
source database and indexes, which can be searched all through a web based interface. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Bawden, D., & Robinson, L. (2002). Internet subject gateways revisited. International
Journal of Information Management, 22(2), 157-162.
• Campbell, D. (2000). Australian subject gateways: Political and strategic issues. On-
line and CDROM Review, 24(1), 73-77.
• Cher, T., & Neuroth, H. (2000). SSG-FI - special subject gateways to high quality in-
ternet resources for scientific users. Online and CDROM Review, 24(1), 64-68.
• Dempsey, L. (2000). The subject gateway: Experiences and issues based on the emer-
gence of the resource discovery network. Online and CDROM Review, 24(1), 8-23.
• Fredline, S., & Reis, B. (1999). InfoQuest: Collaborative development of a subject re-
source gateway. New Review of Information Networking, 5, 125-13
• Huxley, L. (2001). Renardus: Fostering collaboration between academic subject gate-
ways in europe. Online Information Review, 25(2), 121-127.
• Jin, Z. -., Schurgers, C., & Gupta, R. K. (2009). A gateway node with duty-cycled ra- dio and processing subsystems for wireless sensor networks. ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems, 14(1) • Kirriemuir, J., Brickley, D., Welsh, S., Knight, J., & Hamilton, M. (1998). Cross-
searching subject gateways: The query routing and forward knowledge approach. D-Lib
Magazine, 4(1), 27-46.
• Koch, T. (2000). Quality-controlled subject gateways: Definitions, typologies, empir-
ical overview. Online and CDROM Review, 24(1), 24-34.
• Kurtz, R. S. (2010). Public lands policy and economic trends in gateway communit- ies. Review of Policy Research, 27(1), 77-88.
• Macleod, R., Kerr, L., & Guyon, A. (1998). The EEVL approach to providing a sub-
ject based information gateway for engineers. Program, 32(3), 205-223.
• Moore, R. L., Hart, D. L., Pfeiffer, W., Tatineni, M., Yoshimoto, K., & Young, W. S.
(2011). Trestles: A high-productivity HPC system targeted to modest-scale and gateway
users. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the TeraGrid 2011 Conference: Extreme
Digital Discovery, TG'11,
• Munshi, Usha Mujoo (2009). DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Techno-
logy; Vol. 29 Issue 2, p7-14, 8p
• Ndlovu, M. C. (2011). University-school partnerships for social justice in mathematics and science education: The case of the SMILES project at IMSTUS. South African Journal of Education, 31(3), 419-433
• Omeke, M. (2002). The engineering subject gateway (ViFaTec). Paper presented at the
IATUL Proceedings, 57-65.
• Rajashekara. G. R., (2010). SRELS Journal of Information Management;, Vol. 47 Is-
sue 4, p427-436
• Slavic, A. (2006). UDC in subject gateways: Experiment or opportunity? Knowledge
Organization, 33(2), 67-85. • Smith, E. (2011). Staying in the science stream: Patterns of participation in A-level sci- ence subjects in the UK. Educational Studies, 37(1), 59-71.
• Suzuki, K., Kimura, M., Takeda, A., & Matsushita, S. (2008). Is adolescent tobacco use a gateway drug to adult alcohol abuse? A japanese longitudinal prospective study on adolescent drinking. Nihon Arukōru Yakubutsu Igakkai Zasshi = Japanese Journal of Alcohol Studies & Drug Dependence, 43(1), 44-53.
• Teruya, K. (2009). Grammar as a gateway into discourse: A systemic functional ap-
proach to subject, theme, and logic. Linguistics and Education, 20(1), 67-79.
• Tramullas, J., & Garrido, P. (2006). Constructing web subject gateways using dublin
core, RDF and topic maps. Information Research, 11(2), 47-56.
• Wang, L. (2011). A study of key techniques of subject information gateway service
• Watkins, Gerald, Joyce, Angela (2009). Slavic & East European Information Re-
sources, Vol. 10 Issue 2/3, p267-275, 9p, 2 Black and White Photograph
• Worsfold, E. (1998). Subject gateways: Fulfilling the DESIRE for knowledge. Com- puter Networks, 30(16-18), 1479-1489.